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The term tabloidization describes the spillover of tabloid journalism's characteristics – which aim to attract recipients' attention – to other media types, particularly elite media. The validity of the common assumption that tabloidization has increased over the last decades is unknown since long-term studies are widely lacking. Applying a most similar systems design, the current study pursues several goals: On the macro-level, it aims to clarify whether campaign coverage of seven German and Austrian elite newspapers has become more tabloidized over six decades (1949–2009) and whether the long-term developments are related to three structural drivers of tabloidization – tabloid newspapers, commercial television, and the Internet. On the meso-level, the study investigates among outlet differences in tabloidization. Tabloidization is conceptualized as multidimensional, considering the topic, focus, and style dimension. The results show that tabloidization in general and in the single newspapers has increased, but only slightly and only in a few respects. While some of the hypothesized structural influences on tabloidization are confirmed, other, more situative drivers of tabloidization seem to account for short-term ups and downs in levels of tabloidization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hierarchy of influences model has been used to examine sociological influences on journalistic output originating from both inside and outside the newsroom. While providing useful snapshots of journalistic practice, studies using the hierarchical model have rarely accounted for changes in newsgathering over time. This study examines the emergence of climate journalism in the Philippines, one of the most vulnerable nations to the effects of climate change. Drawing on interviews with Filipino journalists, it finds that journalists struggled to place climate-related stories until after extreme weather events, particularly Typhoon Haiyan in 2013. News articles about climate change continued to grow in the following years, suggesting that a fundamental shift in the newsworthiness of climate change took place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between journalists and political sources has been characterized by a tug of war between reporters and officials where top politicians have the upper hand in the coproduction of news through their ability to provide critical information subsidies that most news media rely on. The dynamic of the journalist–source relationship has, however, mostly been analyzed in stable high-income democracies. This article goes beyond existing research by analyzing the relationship between reporters and officials in Nigeria, in principle, a democracy but in practice, a hybrid regime where journalists face substantial political pressures. Through a combination of content analysis and in-depth interviews, it shows how journalists in Nigeria are not only dependent on the information subsidies found in the West but also affected by politicians using positive (monetary awards) and negative (intimidation and violence) tangible incentives that go well beyond information subsidies. The article argues that this shapes the nature of coproduction of news in Nigeria and that more broadly, the resources available to politicians to influence journalists through such positive tangible incentives and the degree to which they, with impunity, can use negative tangible incentives, should be key dimensions for future comparative work on relations between reporters and officials as political communication research goes beyond stable democracies where money handouts and violence is unlikely to be the key factors influencing news production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study takes a theoretical approach of gatekeeping by assessing how transnational networks of news gathering indicate a shift in the conceptualization of journalism culture. Research on journalism culture, which has traditionally been conceptualized within a national system, is linked with the historical development of globalization to propose an analytical conceptualization of journalism culture in a transnational news-gathering environment. Based on empirical studies from the past six decades, the study presents three analytical levels of transnational journalism culture—evaluative, cognitive, and performative—that might provide a conceptual framework for empirical studies interested in news construction in a transnational space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was aimed at ascertaining the level at which broadcast journalists in South-East Nigeria deploy the social media in news gathering and transmission. The survey research method was used while the questionnaire served as the measuring instrument. The entire 867 broadcast journalists in the South-East geopolitical zone of Nigeria constituted the population of the study from where a sample of 274 was drawn using the Taro Yamane's formula. Using the purposive sampling technique, the researchers found that broadcast journalists in South- East Nigeria have not significantly embraced the social media in the news gathering and transmission. It was therefore recommended among others that broadcast journalists in South-East Nigeria should embrace the social media platforms as the platforms represent potent tools for the practice of modern day journalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As society’s storytellers, journalists often draw upon a standard set of archetypal forms to convey all of the day’s news to their readers. This study considers the practice of commemorative sports journalism, in particular how (and by whom) the stories surrounding Title IX’s 40th anniversary were constructed at two of the nation’s leading sports news outlets. Drawing from a combination of narrative and critical discourse analysis grounded in hegemonic theory, we contend that ESPN and Sports Illustrated shifted away from the traditional battle-of-the-sexes narrative; the end result was a celebratory women-centric model, one that offered progressive ways of understanding Title IX but sometimes fell prey to flaws associated with what White has called the ‘content of the form’. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the public and citizen journalism movements of recent years and offers some perspectives on how the current and future journalism can function to benefit democratic public life. A major argument of this article is that ‘conversation’ defines news as a process of negotiated social meaning and that it should be the organizing principle of today’s journalism. It is also argued that traditional journalistic principles such as objectivity and distance may no longer be useful to today’s citizen journalism and that we see a rise of new journalistic principles such as interactivity and transparency. Finally, borrowing from deliberative democracy literature, a bottom-up flow model to connect citizen and public journalism is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the United States has significantly expanded its use of drone warfare. Experts are divided: some defend drones as a legal, effective way to target terrorists while others suggest drones are inaccurate and contribute to anti-Americanism. In addition, international public opinion differs starkly with Americans largely supportive of the program while publics across the globe condemn it. Suspecting news coverage might play a pivotal role in these differences, the authors explored the framing of the US drone program in American, British, and Arab news coverage. Consistent with research on social identity theory and ethnocentrism in news, they find that US coverage was more likely to frame the policy favorably – emphasizing its legality, strategic value and technological sophistication while downplaying civilian deaths – while British and, to a greater extent, Arab coverage was more critical. The authors discuss how these findings build on existing theory and explore the implications for US drone policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the extent to which professional journalism adopts and uses citizen journalism, such as user-generated content (UGC) and user-submitted stories (USS), at the individual, organizational, and community levels. In doing so, the study adopts a web-based survey of top U.S. news editors (n = 142) coupled with U.S. Census Data. The study reveals that experience as online journalists and online staff size play roles in the adoption and use of UGC. The study also finds that community structural pluralism is related to the adoption and use of news stories written together by professional and citizen journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The advent of telegraphy in the United States shifted newsgathering from the public postal system to a private network dominated by telegraph companies and wire services, a nearly simultaneous revolution in journalism’s technology and political economy. Postal newsgathering had been open to all newspapers with few costs and constraints, while its telegraphic successor developed amid a web of regulations. A changing configuration of occupational rules, private business arrangements, and public laws regulated each stage in the production of telegraphic news, from source–reporter interactions to post-publication liability. This monograph analyzes the origins of rules that governed timely news—determining who got it, how fast, and on what terms—from the advent of telecommunication to the eclipse of telegraphic news relays. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In asking if celebrity news really is news as we know it, this article turns to an examination of the modes of production characteristic of celebrity news. Celebrity news is highly dependent upon the services of the publicity and promotions industries, and upon the provision of visual material from an increasingly well-organized set of paparazzi agencies. With the importance of the visual in today’s competitive media market, and the fact that most news organizations are now choosing to compete on the basis of entertainment rather than information, celebrity news has developed new modes of production that differentiate its practices and assumptions from many of the practices and assumptions underlying traditional versions of news and of newsgathering. Among the results, the article argues, is the redefinition of gossip as news, as it moves out of the social pages and onto the front pages. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An introduction is presented in which the authors discusses various reports within the issue on topics including the shift of celebrity news production from traditional news and newsgathering practices, the rise of persona and presentational media toward new era of journalistic practice, and the interplay between celebrity news and journalism.

The article challenges the widespread notion that, in the age of global and instantaneous communication, foreign correspondence is becoming ‘redundant’. Based on a range of in-depth interviews with foreign correspondents in London, it examines the identity, newsgathering routines, and outputs of journalists working for a range of foreign media organizations. The study suggests that foreign correspondence is indeed evolving, but that the changes are not necessarily for the worse. In fact, not only are foreign journalists not disappearing, but the heavy use of new communication technologies – rather than leading to superficial and low-quality reporting – also supports the pursuit of exclusive news-story angles and a fuller delivery of the correspondent’s value. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Taking the Flemish Public Service Broadcasting institution VRT’s news department as a case in point, this article analyses the impact of newsroom convergence and integration on perceptions of newsroom workers of their professional identity, the quality and professionalism of their work, and on the relationship between management and news workers. This was studied through a combination of in-depth interviews with key management figures and an online survey conducted with all VRT news workers, complemented by an analysis of relevant internal documents. Results point to certain tensions or collisions of convergence, all closely related to a clash between organizational and professional (medium- or programme-specific) culture: a collision between working for and identifying with separate cultural in-groups versus VRT News as a whole, between the impact of technological versus human factors and other contextual issues on the integration process, and between news managers and news workers. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article uses structuration and cultural production theories to analyze innovations in news-making practices during the 2003 coverage of the first major phase of the Iraq War at the English Service of China’s state broadcaster, CCTV International (renamed CCTV News in 2010). It examines forces leading to the changes and their impact on news routine and news content, finding that innovation, the introduction of live studio interviews, accompanied by various uncertainty reduction measures, creates room for more diversity of opinions. The special position of CCTV International in China’s media system allowed greater media experiment to be made possible, as newsmakers adopted ways to contend the boundary of official discourse. The study also shows that changes in news routine have been maintained over time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Research shows that news coverage of protest groups that challenge the status quo treats them relatively critically. To develop a more precise understanding of such coverage, this study content analyzes an international set of newspapers (N = 220) to explore the relationships between a protest group’s goals and tactics on resulting news coverage. The findings indicate that a group’s tactics—more than its goals—play a substantial role in affecting coverage. Furthermore, the findings also show that the protest issue and location indirectly affect coverage through their relationship to a group’s tactics. Implications for journalists and protesters alike are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to explore whether political reporters present more meticulous, complex, and active standards of news reporting—justifying their special role as enablers of informed citizenry—and to help resolve the theoretical ambiguity regarding news beats as distinct domains of practice. The sample comprised reporters from three beat clusters—political, financial, and territorial—in nine national Israeli news organizations, who were asked to describe, source by source, how they obtained a sample of their recently published items (N = 840), addressing sourcing patterns, news practices, and communication technologies used. As expected, reporting was found to be distinctive across beat clusters, with political reporters employing significantly and consistently higher standards although financial reporters, in contrast to expectations, were not found to be the weakest link in the reporting chain. Despite the substantial differences, the studied beats embody a united community of practice following a similar media logic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News organizations are turning increasingly to video journalism as survival strategy in the era of convergence. Video journalism, the process by which one person shoots, writes, and edits video stories, represents both a socially and materially constructed form of news and adds a new dimension to daily work practices. This qualitative project examines the daily work practices of video journalists in a variety of organizational settings, including newspapers and television stations. This project found that the material requirements of video journalism have the potential to shift control of some aspects of news narrative away from journalists and toward their sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the first survey of European science journalists working for general national print media and news agencies in 14 different countries of the European Union. The survey was carried out through the internet and calls for participation were sent to 208 journalists from 102 different media. Answers were received from 97 science journalists, a response rate of 46.6 percent. After the survey, interviews with 12 of the respondents were conducted.The main conclusion is that not only are science journalists becoming more dependent on scientific journals in their daily reporting, they are also spending a lot of time on the internet – 3.5 hours a day, on average – an activity that increases the concentration on breaking news and prevents them from going outside the newsroom to write more feature stories. In consequence, readers are receiving a distorted image of science as a series of ‘discoveries’ or ‘breakthroughs’, distant from the real daily world of scientists and the scientific process.This dependency on the internet, and on ‘ready-to-write’ press releases from scientific journals, is threatening science journalism, as professionals are controlled by the same embargoes, are using the same sources and visiting the same sites, no matter what country they are working in. This loss of information diversity is a consequence of the introduction of the internet in newsrooms, but also a result of the increasing media awareness of science sources. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study develops and tests the hypothesis that physically attractive politicians receive more news coverage. The physical attractiveness of Members of the 16th Israeli Knesset (MKs) was assessed by students abroad, who did not know they were evaluating Israeli politicians. The number of times each member appeared on national television news at the time of study was obtained and used as a measure of television news coverage. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that, over and above controls for a host of factors, the physical attractiveness of the MKs was associated with their coverage in television news. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A content analysis of 86 citizen blog sites, 53 citizen news sites and 63 daily newspaper sites indicated that citizen journalism sites, including both news and blog sites, differed significantly from newspaper sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Factors beyond the control of journalists and media organizations are essential in the construction of news about the Middle East. Ideology plays a role and so do ignorance and prejudice, but even when as a correspondent one knows the local language and is hypersensitive to the pitfalls of ethnocentrism and orientalism, still the coverage one produces often reinforces stereotypes. The cause seems to lie in the dilemmas inherent in the collection and representation of information, in particular in non-western, non-democratic contexts. A solution may be to embrace rather than obscure these dilemmas but this requires a fundamental rethink of what news is, both on the part of journalists and of audiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates mainstream U.S. newspaper discourses concerning the dividing wall that Israel built as a separation barrier from the West Bank. In so doing, it ultimately seeks to further explore news media's role as agents of social control and influence. Findings indicate that in invoking the nationalism dimension, the news did not handle the primordial element adequately, and that emphasis on violence and revenge as well as the tragedy of child victimization was particularly prominent. The study argues that while the media's role in social control and influence may be significant, the adequacy with which they perform this role is questionable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AlJazeera English, launched with much fanfare three years ago, promised to go where other channels feared to tread. But Mark Seddon, formerly ALJazeera’s UN correspondent and an ex-editor of Tribune, says it has failed to move into the United States, and it has suffered both from budgetary constraints and changes of editorial leaders. Despite that, its journalists remain dedicated and Seddon praises the channel for its many achievements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the emergence of innovations in the social movement sector by exploring citizen journalism in South Korea. The findings show that the innovation resulted from brokerage activities among journalists, labour and unification activists, and progressive intellectuals. Despite different cultural visions and interests, these groups succeeded in building coalitions and constituted a sociocultural milieu that promoted reciprocal learning by allowing actors to realize new ideas and to exchange experiences. The empirical part of the study is based on a social network analysis of social movement groups and alternative media organizations active in South Korea between 1995 and 2002. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores those factors that raise the level of access for oppositional voices in the news media. The Politics-Media-Politics principle argues that cross-national differences in the role of the news media in most political processes can be best understood by examining how variations in political environments affect media performance, which in turn leads to different types of effects on politics. Based on this principle, it is argued that the news media operating in polarized multiparty democracies will allow greater access to oppositional voices than those in two-party democracies. This thesis is examined by comparing the news coverage of major news stories in the United States and Israel in 1984, 1990, and 2000. These two countries provide a useful comparison because they have similar media systems but polar opposite political systems. The results provide strong support for the thesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the role of the media during the two months of postelection crisis in 2008 in Kenya. We discuss how people exchanged information during and after the media ban and analyze online discussions and media coverage. Particular emphasis is given to the role of the social media, such as Web 2.0 communication tools and services, which enable citizens to interact or share content online. Our analysis shows that during the crisis, the social media functioned as an alternative medium for citizen communication or participatory journalism. This experience has important implications for the process of democratization in Kenya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Is a picture worth a thousand words? Is the power of the photograph overlooked by many writers? In two articles, the BJR celebrates the roll of the photojournalist. Accomplished photographer Brennan writes: "Looking now at old news pictures and newsreels, I cannot believe my work and that of my now my equally ageing colleagues has become archive material. There was much criticism in the 70s and 80s of voyeurism, because of the harrowing images of war, particularly those from Vietnam from... many great, brave, photojournalists. That debate appears to have gone away. Now we are bombarded with images so graphic and instant that the pictures from that earlier time appear almost benevolent... And technology has allowed anyone to be a 'citizen journalist'. Pictures from news events, sometimes taken from cell-phone cameras and usually of poor quality, fetch top dollar with major news organizations. Everyone is a 'news' photographer, triggering an influx by opportunist and mostly untalented snappers that some believe has sounded the death knell for great news photography. I don't believe that's the case. Technology has only enhanced the skills of the new breed of serious photojournalists." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News from Iraq in the Western media is highly dependent upon Iraqi journalists and co- workers, especially fixers. This is partly due to the degradation of the security situation since the 2003 invasion, and partly due to language: few Western journalists speak Arabic at a professional level of competence. Interviews with Western journalists and fixers in Iraq reveal the high level of dependence involved. They also reveal some commonalities of understanding of the relationships between journalists and fixers and some significant differences. The dependence upon fixers is seen in the light of changes in foreign news gathering in Western media, especially the use of 'parachute' journalists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of framing on news media coverages in the U.S. There were two types of frames described such as individual and media frames which concentrated on different issues and examined generic news frames in media content. These generic frames were somehow differentiated as episodic and thematic which was cited on the Iraqi war coverage reflecting the shift of military conflict and war violence to the country's rebuilding approaching the end of the war. In view of this, it was concluded that framing commended detailed and thorough investigations as it is a motivated process.

The article focuses on the lack of Internet or wireless technology provisions in the North American Free Trade Agreement. The treaty had little or no impact on the gathering of news or its presentation because the ownership of communications industries continues to be regulated. It argues that the coverage of continental affairs in the region is thin when measured against the considerable flows of people across the borders.

The article presents information on the state of newsroom convergence in the U.S. and the extent to which the newspaper-television partnerships in the U.S. perform functions frequently associated with convergence. Newspaper-television partnerships often share resources and cooperate in their newsgathering activities. According to one researcher there are 194 newspaper-television partnerships in the U.S. Recent definitions of convergence allows the categorization of specific cross-media behaviors or the determination of whether an organization is practicing the act. The study found that cross-media partnerships occur across circulation categories, but the convergence behaviors practiced vary greatly from partnership to partnership. The partnerships frequently were found to perform many of the functions often considered to reflect convergence including cross-promotion of partners' content, appearances by newspaper staff members on partners' broadcasts, and sharing of daily news budgets and some resources.

The article discusses the systematic ways for the study of journalism worldwide based from Latin America. It notes that a research in Latin America's journalism has many questions which adopt new inquired theories from arguments on globalization to institutionalism. It mentions that technology developments have improved newsgathering and the output of citizen journalism. It points out that the technology has helped the quality of reports, changed the purpose of the press in reflecting public arguments, and fortified the existence of civil interest in press organization.

Presents information on the journalism at the State Normal School in California. Conduct by teachers of an exercise known as the gathering of the recent news item; Objective of the exercise; Some of the subjects brought forward at the exercise, including the Blair Bill.

A list of several global news outlines from September 4 to September 10, 1889 is presented. These include a serious flood at Tampico, Mexico, the illness of William O'Brien who was imprisoned in Galway jail, the explosion incident in a Scotch coal mine that kills sixty people, and the death of at least 200 people due to a fire in Antwerp, Belgium.

The article presents a method of writing news reports by W. M'Andrew in Hyde Park in Chicago, Illinois. A chart is drawn in one of the blackboards where journalists can document the news for that day. The chart is divided into thirteen columns with headings that include city, county, state, France, general, among others.

The article reports on the creation of an acceptable correspondence by the editorial staff of the "Journal of Education" in New York City. The correspondence is intended to collect education news in the area for publication in the journal. The staff is inviting readers to contribute to the news gathering effort of the journal.