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In spite of having an empire that was second only to Britain's by 1914, the French people remained mostly unconvinced by and mistrustful of the colonial idea. There is no better proof of this than the French colonial films between 1918 and 1945 which depicted the empire in a particularly unattractive way while seemingly advocating the colonial cause. The paradox is all the more surprising given that the negative image that emerges from the films made in France around the colonial theme was not the manifestation of an anti-colonialism subtly disguised to avoid governmental censorship, but the mere expression of the general feeling of the French about their colonies. The lack of Gallic enthusiasm for the empire translated on screen into an intrinsic mistrust for what was regarded as the epitome of danger and despair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The micro-report presents a comparison of the level of place attachment and city identity for natives and migrants living in areas with relatively high shares of foreign migrants in four European cities: Bilbao, Lisbon, Thessalonica and Warsaw. The analyses are based on an international survey conducted in 2009/2010, and include a sample of 2,497 persons. The findings demonstrate that in most of the analysed areas, migrants tended to be more strongly attached to their neighbourhood than did natives. An opposite pattern was found only in Bilbao (Spain). However, compared to natives, migrants identified less with their city of residence. While future research is required to examine possible determinants of the differences in the level of neighbourhood attachment and city identity among native and migrant residents, the analyses suggest that natives living in diverse areas define themselves more strongly in relation to the whole city, while migrants do so in relation to their neighbourhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]