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Introduction: Nurses play a vital role in ensuring effective patient care delivery and organizational productivity. Hence, it becomes imperative to prioritize their psychological well-being and explore how its impairment may be associated with their productivity loss. Aims: The study aims to investigate the relationship between nurses' psychological well-being and their work productivity loss by examining how nurses self-reported their own psychological well-being and work productivity loss. Methods: A descriptive correlational design was conducted at an Egyptian university hospital. A convenience sample of 400 nurses completed two tools: (a) Outcome Questionnaire-45 was used to assess the psychological well-being of nurses and (b) the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment – General Health Questionnaire was used to measure nurses' work productivity. Results: Among the 400 surveyed nurses, 66.7% reported overall poor psychological well-being. Regarding work productivity loss, 22.8% of nurses missed an average of 974.81 work hours due to absenteeism, and 62.0% lost an average of 10,630 work hours due to presenteeism. Additionally, 75.5% experienced impaired daily living activities. Approximately 13.4% of total working hours were missed due to health problems or psychological distress. Regression analysis revealed that poor psychological well-being significantly predicts work productivity loss, accounting for 2.0% of absenteeism, 11.0% of presenteeism, 17.0% of daily activity impairment, and 9.0% of overall productivity loss, with the model being significant (p < 0.01). Conclusion: Nurses often experience poor psychological well-being and distress that hinder their daily activities and cause work productivity loss. Therefore, hospital management should prioritize improving nurses' physical and mental health and bolstering their self-efficacy and resilience to minimize the effects of symptom distress on productivity. Investing in nurses' well-being through managerial caring, organizational support, and fostering a supportive work environment are vital strategies for promoting quality patient care and enhancing their work productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is a cost-benefit analysis examining an urban district's partial school nurse coverage conversion to full-time coverage. Through a partnership with a health care system, the district received funding, resulting in the hiring of full-time nurses to cover all K-8 elementary schools. Researchers compared the cost of nursing services to the savings in teacher, secretary, principal, and parent productivity, reduced medical procedure costs, and grants nurses managed. The year before implementing additional nurses, the return on investment (ROI) to the community for nursing services was calculated to be $1.59 for every dollar invested in schools with full-time coverage and $1.29 for schools with partial coverage. After implementing full-time nurses in each school, there was an ROI of $1.50 during the 2015–2016 school year, $1.64 for 2016–2017, and $1.67 for 2017–2018. The analysis provides evidence that full-time coverage could result in a positive ROI for schools and the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, researchers and statisticians have increasingly used econometric techniques to generate timely, high-quality, and detailed official statistics. This study presents a modified form of regression-based temporal disaggregation model to compile the index of production in construction for Türkiye, employing a state-space modeling approach. The model incorporates the twelve-month moving sum of deflated turnover as an observed variable and the number of employees as an exogenous variable. Finally, four alternative models--three assuming constant labor productivity and one assuming time-varying labor productivity--are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The field of pancreas transplantation has undergone transformative phases, progressing from its promising inception in 1966 to becoming a standard treatment for patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. This bibliometric analysis explores the progression of pancreas transplantation research over a period of four decades, mapping milestones, contributors, and emerging trends. Methods: Our bibliometric analysis utilizes the comprehensive Scopus database, which includes publication titles, author information, affiliations, abstracts, keywords, and journal details. The search strategy was centered on research related to pancreas and pancreas-kidney transplantation. The analysis encompasses the time frame spanning from 1983 to 2023, with the data extraction taking place on October 7th, 2023. Results: The analysis of 4,897 articles uncovered unique trends in the field of pancreas transplantation research. The years 1989, 1996, and 2021 saw significant increases in the number of publications, which corresponded to the responses to clinical challenges and advancements. Contributions by authors from the United States of America were the most numerous, with 1,905 publications and 49,949 citations. The research topics were highlighted by keywords such as "graft survival," "graft rejection," and" Immunosuppressive treatment." Conclusion: The fluctuations in publication trends that have been identified indicate dynamic reactions to changing priorities and challenges. Although it has limitations, this analysis provides valuable insights for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers who are dealing with the complex field of pancreas transplantation literature. Further bibliometric research may advance our knowledge and direct future initiatives in this developing field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study determines that morbidity presents a mediating impact between intimate partner violence against women and labor productivity in terms of absenteeism and presenteeism. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used on a nationwide representative sample of 357 female owners of micro-firms in Peru. The resulting data reveals that morbidity is a mediating variable between intimate partner violence against women and absenteeism (β = 0.213; p <.001), as well as between intimate partner violence against women and presenteeism (β = 0.336; p <.001). This finding allows us to understand how such intimate partner violence against women negatively affects the workplace productivity in the context of a micro-enterprise, a key element in many economies across the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jobs consist of bundles of tasks, with most jobs involving one or a few core tasks as well as supplementary tasks. In this article, the author argues that, keeping constant the number of supplementary tasks performed, the nature of these tasks can affect workers' productivity in their core task. The study uses quantitative and qualitative data to study tea pickers at a plantation in India. Using fine-grained personnel data on workers' task assignments and their daily productivity, the author finds that workers' productivity is affected by the extent to which their supplementary tasks are facilitative of their core task, when comparing workers performing the same number of supplementary tasks. Qualitative data suggest that one way in which performing a facilitative rather than a non-facilitative supplementary task could improve core task productivity is by temporarily boosting what the author calls "core task identification." This article contributes to scholarship on the design of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors examine the impact of industrial robots on US labor markets between 2005 and 2016. Because some industries adopt robots more intensively, growth in robot stocks more heavily affect local labor markets with larger employment shares in those industries. This robot exposure variation occurs across 722 commuting zones in the continental United States. Analyzing the five-year intervals within this period, the authors find that robot exposure reduces employment in the earlier periods but augments employment in the more recent periods. Similarly, the effect of robot exposure on the local wage is initially negative but gradually rebounds and turns positive in more recent years. The evolving influence of robots is primarily driven by the automotive industry, in which digitization and automation have not only increased labor productivity but also created new tasks. Findings show evidence of spillover effects on other industries within and outside of manufacturing, which may be explained by input-output linkages and aggregate demand effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few studies of migraine have evaluated migraine disability across multiple countries using the same methodology. Methods: This cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted in 2021–2022 in Canada, France, Germany, Japan, UK and USA. Respondents with migraine were identified based on modified International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, criteria. Headache features (Migraine Symptom Severity Score (MSSS, range: 0–21), presence of allodynia (Allodynia Symptom Checklist, ASC-12)) and migraine burden (Patient Health Questionnaire-4 (PHQ-4), Migraine-Specific Quality of Life questionnaire version 2.1 (MSQ v2.1), Work Productivity and Activity Impairment (WPAI) questionnaire) were evaluated. Results: Among 14,492 respondents with migraine across countries, the mean ± SD MSSS was 15.4 ± 3.2 and 48.5% (7026/14,492) of respondents had allodynia based on ASC-12. Of all respondents living with migraine, 35.5% (5146/14,492) reported moderate to severe anxiety and/or depression symptoms. Mean ± SD MSQ v2.1 Role Function–Restrictive, Role Function–Preventive and Emotional Function domain scores were 60.7 ± 22.9, 71.5 ± 23.0 and 65.1 ± 27.2, respectively. The WPAI mean ± SD percentages of respondents who missed work or worked impaired as a result of migraine were 6.8 ± 18.1% and 41.0 ± 30.1%, respectively. Conclusions: For every country surveyed, migraine was associated with high levels of symptom severity, with allodynia and with substantial burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State socialist Vietnam formally embraced market reforms in the mid-1980s, and since then advancing marketization under the undisrupted rule of the Communist party. As marketization deepens, the party state's legitimacy continues to rest on socialist practices of governance, structures of feeling and visions of a class-free society. This political-economic context gives rise to struggles between market and socialist logics over the social question in an economy that now powers global production with raw material and cheap labour, much of which is migrant labour. This article highlights these struggles through an analysis of the public debates around the regulation of overtime work during the revision of the 1994 Labour Code by Vietnam's National Assembly in 2019, which foresees limiting it to ensure workers' well-being. While parties to the debate position themselves as pro-business or pro-workers, they all evoke socialist narratives of nation-building, solidarity and care while emphasizing the market ethos of competitiveness and productivity. In arguing for removing the limit, the pro-business camp highlights the workers' responsibility to contribute to the competitiveness of the country and their employers by working overtime to make up for their low productivity. In contrast, the pro-worker camp pleads for limiting overtime work on the grounds of workers' poor health and difficult family lives, portraying their sufferings as deserving compassion. Despite these contrasting justifications, both arguments are characterized by the assumption of self-responsibility as the mainstay of well-being and failure to acknowledge the deeper societal problems posed by the commodification of labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focusing on the implementation of social policies in São Paulo (Brazil) during the 2000s, this article critically examines the commodification of poverty. The article explores the impact of the introduction of market logics and privatization as shaped in respect to social protection in a context where the informalization of labour is growing. The text begins with a discussion of social citizenship in Brazil and its transformation over time. Thereafter, the article unpacks the 'commodification processes' of social policies during the 2000s to unfold how this influences the organization of a competitive and social labour market outsourced especially to NGOs and associations. The creation of indicators of productivity and 'social participation' as well as the introduction of measures to incentivize entrepreneurship, the article suggests, become entries into accessing social rights. The ways in which social workers and beneficiaries experience processes of financialization and monetarization of social aid, the article shows, indicate changing understandings of social citizenship and its implications for the poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile health (mHealth) screening tools for autism are gaining in prevalence, and have benefits such as video content and direct resources linkage. However, it is unclear whether such tools will ameliorate autism inequities or will help only those already advantaged in autism care. To investigate this issue, we conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 18 primary care and Early Intervention/Early Childhood Special Education providers in six US states. Providers were given hypothetical scenarios in which a family presents to care with results from one of 9 mHealth autism screening tools. Providers discussed their clinical approach and assessed the tool's fit with their patient/client population. Each transcript was audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded; a phenomenological approach was used to develop key themes. 4 themes and 18 subthemes emerged. These included Clinical and business factors (e.g. scope of practice concerns and clinical efficiency), Validity and trustworthiness (e.g. familiarity, data privacy/security), Family interaction quality (e.g. supporting family advocacy, provision of information, affecting family anxiety, and emotional support), and Accessibility (e.g. English proficiency/language issues, cultural inclusivity, and literacy/educational level). Providers suggested modifications to enhance equity, such as portraying diverse families, reducing the reading level of text, and making tools shorter to better fit clinical context. Families may find information about autism online, and health care and education providers may use online tools to screen for autism. However, we do not know if online autism screening tools are easily used by families and providers. We interviewed primary care and educational providers, asking them to review results from online tools that screen for autism. Providers had concerns about how usable and accessible these tools are for diverse families and suggested changes to make tools easier to use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) in interventional radiology (IR) will bring about new challenges and opportunities for patients and clinicians. AI may comprise software as a medical device or AI-integrated hardware and will require a rigorous evaluation that should be guided based on the level of risk of the implementation. A hierarchy of risk of harm and possible harms are described herein. A checklist to guide deployment of an AI in a clinical IR environment is provided. As AI continues to evolve, regulation and evaluation of the AI medical devices will need to continue to evolve to keep pace and ensure patient safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The inclusion of production losses in health care priority setting is extensively debated. However, few studies allow for a comparison of these losses across relevant clinical and demographic categories. Our objective was to provide comprehensive estimates of Norwegian production losses from morbidity and mortality by age, sex and disease category. Methods: National registries, tax records, labour force surveys, household and population statistics and data from the Global Burden of Disease were combined to estimate production losses for 12 disease categories, 38 age and sex groups and four causes of production loss. The production losses were estimated via lost wages in accordance with a human capital approach for 2019. Results: The main causes of production losses in 2019 were mental and substance use disorders, totalling NOK121.6bn (32.7% of total production losses). This was followed by musculoskeletal disorders, neurological disorders, injuries, and neoplasms, which accounted for 25.2%, 7.4%, 7.4% and 6.5% of total production losses, respectively. Production losses due to sick leave, disability insurance and work assessment allowance were higher for females than for males, whereas production losses due to premature mortality were higher for males. The latter was related to neoplasms, cardiovascular disease and injuries. Across age categories, non-fatal conditions with a high prevalence among working populations caused the largest production losses. Conclusions: The inclusion of production losses in health care priority debates in Norway could result in an emphasis on chronic diseases that occur among younger populations at the expense of fatal diseases among older age groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Bangladesh, improving the productivity of ready-made garment (RMG) factory workers has always been an uphill task, and this has assumed greater proportions after the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study explores the effect of welfare facilities and human resource management practices on the motivation and productivity of RMG workers during the pandemic. On the basis of an advanced statistical analysis, the study accepted all hypotheses proposed to highlight the significant impact of human resource management practices and welfare facilities on the motivation and productivity of workers. Both of these factors showed an association with employee productivity through employee motivation, which proved to be a partial mediator. Moreover, the authenticity of the study was supported by the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the structural equation model (SEM), which were represented based on model fit exponents, composite reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity. The study helps develop an understanding of theoretical and managerial implications, which can assist RMG factory owners, managers, stakeholders and policymakers to motivate workers and improve their productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the effects of demographic diversity on teams, we conducted a meta-analytic investigation of the relationship between team demographic diversity and team processes. Drawing from the categorization-elaboration model, we hypothesized that team demographic diversity elicits opposing effects on team performance via information elaboration and social categorization processes. We also explored several team-level and contextual moderators on these relationships. In our meta-analysis of 406 effects from 38,304 teams, we found that team demographic diversity is related to increased social categorization processes, but we did not find support for a relationship between team demographic diversity and information elaboration. In addition, we identified team education level and occupational and industry context as moderators of these relationships, finding stronger support for moderators of the relationship between diversity and social categorization than the relationship between diversity and information elaboration. We discuss implications of our findings for research and practice. Plain Language Summary: We summarize previous work on how demographic diversity (i.e., age, gender, race/ethnicity, and nationality diversity) affect how teams work together. We analyzed data from multiple studies and explored the relationship between team demographic diversity and team processes. We also examined various factors that may influence these relationships, including team characteristics and features of a team's context. We found evidence supporting a positive relationship between team demographic diversity and social categorization processes. However, we did not find any support for a relationship between team demographic diversity and information elaboration. We also discovered that team education level, as well as occupational and industry context, impacted the strength of these relationships. Notably, the relationship between diversity and social categorization was more strongly influenced than the relationship between diversity and information elaboration. Our findings have important implications for future research and practical applications in team settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper makes the case for an evolutionary mismatch between digital work and the way human ancestors engaged in work. Psychological adaptations for producing things that early humans needed to survive and thrive, such as cognitive mechanisms for obtaining and processing food, toolmaking, and learning valuable working skills, evolved in the context of small networks of hunter–gatherers. These adaptations are central to understanding the significance of work in human evolution. Evolutionary mismatches operate when novel environments cue ancestral adaptations in ways that no longer provide adaptive benefits. We argue that digital work, although efficient and productive, is misaligned with some fundamental human needs, preferences, and routines, thereby illuminating a potential dark side. Yet digitalization also offers opportunities for matching the modern work environment to our evolved work psychology. We conclude with an agenda for advancing research in industrial and organizational psychology on digital work from an evolutionary mismatch perspective. Digital Work and Human Evolution: This paper talks about how the way we work now with computers and digital technology is verydifferent from how our human ancestors used to work. Our ancestors had to do specific tasks to survive, like finding food and making tools. These tasks were done in small nomadic groups. Our brains evolved to be good at these tasks. But now, our work is mostly done on computers with digital tools. This can sometimes make us feel stressed or unhappy because it doesn't match up with what our brains are good at. However, there are also positive things about working with digital technology, for example, that we can work from anywhere. We should do more research on this topic to understand it better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Export technical complexity is an effective indicator to measure the upgrading of a country's trade structure and high-quality development of trade. This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence on the export technical complexity upgrading of Chinese manufacturing enterprises at the enterprise and industry levels. It analyses matched data from the China Customs and Chinese Industrial Enterprises databases from 2000 to 2015. The results show that artificial intelligence promotes the upgrading of export technical complexity in Chinese manufacturing enterprises. The impact of artificial intelligence on upgrading export technical complexity is dynamic, showing an "inverted U-shape." Heterogeneity test results indicate that artificial intelligence has a greater effect on export technical complexity upgrading if it features high-tech complexity, or the enterprises are local or in the eastern region of China. The mechanism results indicate that artificial intelligence significantly promotes labor productivity and innovation to upgrade China's manufacturing enterprises' export technical complexity. Finally, industry-level analysis shows that the application intensity of artificial intelligence substantially affects the average export technical complexity upgrades of Chinese manufacturing enterprises through spillover effects and resource reallocation effects. These findings promote upgrading export technical complexity at the enterprise and industry levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An editorial presents the top 100 global contributors to social work discourse based on 2023 data. It emphasizes the importance of social work journals in shaping the profession's knowledge base and highlights scholars scientific impact and productivity using citation metrics and indices. It aims to recognize influential scholars and acknowledges the value of bibliometric approaches in identifying key contributors to the field.

Using a labour process lens, this research focuses on the structured antagonism that characterises the employment relationship. This article seeks to further our understanding of how news organisations employ control strategies to extract the labour power of journalists and achieve organisational objectives, and we pay particular attention to the role of editors in this regard. We also explore the responses of journalists as workers to managerial control which can include accommodation, resistance, compliance, or consent. The findings are based on an empirical case study of a local newspaper incorporating interviews with editors and journalists. The case study reveals how journalists' work intensified with the turn to digital content, and because of reduced staffing since COVID-19, but editors ensured high levels of productivity through distribution of digital analytics and constant monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the acceptability of bodyweight resistance exercise breaks (REB) to disrupt prolonged sedentary behavior in the workplace. Twenty-nine individuals completed a REB, where they performed 3-min REB 4, 8, and 16 times on days 1–2, 3–4, and 5 of the workweek, respectively, and a control condition (i.e., SIT). Productivity was assessed on days 1 and 5 each week. The acceptability of each REB frequency was assessed. When asked to complete 4, 8, and 16 REB, participants completed (mean values) 3.2, 6.2, and 9.2 REB/day, respectively. Moreover, 88%, 40%, and 9% of participants expressed that the 4-, 8-, and 16-REB frequencies were acceptable, respectively. Decision-making ability and concentration levels increased from day 1–5 of the REB week (p=0.048) but were stable during SIT. REB (4/day) are highly acceptable and could be a promising intervention strategy for reducing occupational sitting, thus decreasing sedentary-behavior-induced risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black women social workers (BWSWs) represent essential workforce members who are burdened by ongoing COVID-19 circumstances. Strategies to deal with highly stressful situations on the job, such as those experienced in 2020, were absent from the research literature leaving intervention strategies to support highly stressed BWSWs unknown. This study aimed to uncover the various ways BWSWs experienced their organizations as they performed work duties. Atlas.ti. 9 was used to analyze verbatim transcripts from 17 semi-structured qualitative interviews given by BWSWs across the United States in February 2021. Hermeneutic phenomenology was implemented to interpret interview data. The convenience sample was drawn from professional organizations where BWSWs claimed membership and volunteered to be electronically interviewed for 2 hours generating themes such as stress perceptions, institutional barriers to efficient work productivity and recommendations for workplace support. BWSWs reported high stress work environments in the past year. Some believed that their health and mental health declined because of the inability to find work-home life balance. Findings suggest BWSWs persevere regardless of high levels of stress and being unsupported in the workplace in order to maintain a livelihood. BWSWs play a crucial role in the lives of vulnerable populations, but need to attend to ways to be healthier given the polarization associated with racism, classism, and sexism experienced. Thematically, the data revealed stressful situations in the workplace and how organizations have failed to implement strategies in order to improve social worker health. Suggestions for workplace supports were also identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past several decades, our population sleep health has fallen short of recommendations. Moreover, there has been an increase in sleep difficulties amidst COVID-19. Work consumes a huge proportion of our waking lives, and the nature of our work can impact the quantity and quality of employee sleep. Conversely, employee sleep also matters for work-related outcomes as evidence demonstrates poor employee sleep health is associated with increased presenteeism, absenteeism, and health care costs. Given the prevalence of poor sleep health in our population, the changing nature of work and increasing demands on capped time, the worksite represents a promising and potentially underexplored venue for lifestyle medicine practitioners to consider employee sleep health and, where possible, novel employee sleep health promotion programs. This article outlines the impact of work on sleep and reviews the potential for incorporating sleep into lifestyle interventions in workplace settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bureaucratic and administrative tasks associated with health care provision have historically fallen on health care professionals, which is one among the factors contributing to low job satisfaction and lower productivity. Incorporating new professional roles that help to better respond to the needs of both patients and professionals can increase the quality and efficiency of service provision. This article aims to evaluate the impact of the clinical assistant's introduction in the Sant Joan de Deu Barcelona Children's Hospital's pediatric oncology department, in terms of (i) displacement of activity loads carried out by this new professional role and the consequent time freed up for physicians, (ii) physicians' satisfaction and (iii) efficiency of the new care model. This is an observational and retrospective study using administrative data based on the type of activity performed by clinical assistants and the measurement of the time freed up in favor of the physicians. The potential skill mix productivity increase, survey of physicians' satisfaction, and reduction in costs with the new model was analyzed. During the first year of its implementation in the pediatric oncology department, clinical assistants have performed 13,553 requests (69% of the total), representing a total saving of 266.83 hours or 6.67 workweeks of 40 hours. They performed 74% of outpatient surgical requests in the oncology department, 87% of day hospital requests and 54% of total requests in the outpatient consultations area. Physicians are overall satisfied with the new role and think they can use the time gained to do other things such as research or improving the quality of care. The role change allows reducing the cost per request by 56% in relation to the conventional model. In conclusion, the introduction of clinical assistants in the oncology department could be efficient to the extent that it displaces a significant part of the bureaucratic and administrative tasks previously performed by health care professionals and thus enables to reduce the cost of these processes. This delegation allows them to work more closely to the maximum of their competences and the physicians to have more time for higher added value clinical tasks and increase professional satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Labour migration is often mentioned as a way to mitigate the impact of ageing in wealthy societies. This article analyses the impact of labour migration on the welfare level and old-age dependency ratio of a prosperous ageing country, the Netherlands. If labour migrants are considered to be part of the population of the host country, they only contribute to a higher welfare level if their productivity is higher than per capita GDP. If they stay permanently and form a family, their productivity will need to be higher than the average labour productivity of the incumbent workforce. Labour migrants will mitigate the rise of the old-age dependency ratio, but only if they only stay in the host country temporarily. Therefore, only selective and temporary labour migration will relieve the 'burden' of an ageing society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic cough, defined as a cough lasting 8 or more weeks, affects up to 10% of adults. Refractory chronic cough (RCC) is a cough that is uncontrolled despite comprehensive investigation and treatment of comorbid conditions while unexplained chronic cough (UCC) is a cough with no identifiable cause despite extensive evaluation of comorbid conditions. RCC and UCC are often poorly controlled. Understanding individuals' lived experience of the symptoms and impacts of these conditions may guide therapeutic strategies. Objectives: The primary objectives of this study were to assess respondents' perceptions of the key symptoms of RCC and UCC and the impacts of RCC and UCC and their symptoms on well-being, health-related quality of life, work productivity, and social relationships. Design: Qualitative study. Methods: This study enrolled 30 adults with physician-diagnosed RCC or UCC. Two trained qualitative researchers conducted individual, in-depth telephone interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, coded, and systematically analyzed to identify content themes. Results: A total of 15 respondents with RCC and 15 with UCC were included in the study. Many respondents had RCC or UCC for a long duration (median 9 years, range: 0–24). Half of the respondents reported having a coughing episode at least once daily. Only 40% of respondents reported that medication had improved their symptoms. In over half of the respondents, RCC or UCC hindered communication, caused embarrassment, frustration, and worry, and lowered quality of life. Perceptions of meaningful treatment benefits in RCC or UCC varied widely across respondents. Conclusion: RCC and UCC remained poorly managed in many individuals and were associated with a wide range of symptoms and cough triggers that hindered daily activities and reduced emotional well-being. Understanding individuals' lived experiences may inform the development of RCC and UCC therapeutic strategies. Plain language summary: Patient-reported experiences with refractory or unexplained chronic cough: a qualitative analysis Chronic cough, particularly refractory and unexplained chronic cough, remain poorly managed in many individuals and are associated with a wide range of symptoms and cough triggers that hinder daily activities and reduce emotional well-being. Currently there are no US Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for refractory or unexplained chronic cough. Understanding the experience and treatment preferences of individuals with these conditions may help inform the development of new therapies and clarify the potential impact of such therapies on the lives of individuals with chronic cough. Using in-depth interviews, the present study comprehensively evaluated individuals' experience with refractory or unexplained chronic cough and treatment priorities, a research area that has not been well-studied. This study detailed broad-ranging physical, behavioral, and emotional impacts of chronic cough, which hindered individuals' social well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of topical nasal Pomegranate Fruit Extract (PFE) for Chronic Rhinitis (CR), Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyposis (CRSwNP), and Chronic Rhinosinusitis without Nasal Polyposis (CRSsNP). Methods: Prospective, double-blinded, randomized study including 111 consecutive patients, between April 2012 and January 2017, afflicted by CRSwNP, CRSsNP, and CR. Patients from each group were randomly assigned to either PFE treatment or placebo twice daily for 30 days. Therapeutic efficacy was assessed by Ear Nose and Throat, blood and tomographic examinations, and the SNOT-20 questionnaire. Results: CR patients treated with PFE suffered significantly less from thick nasal discharge, difficulty falling asleep, reduced productivity, reduced concentration, and sadness (P =.004, P =.02, P =.03, P =.007 and P =.02, respectively). Conclusions: Topical nasal PFE was found to have some benefits for CR patients, however, not for CRS with or without Nasal Polyposis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) have led to improved health and work productivity among people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). Objectives: To describe trajectories of recent DMT use and their association with sickness absence and/or disability pension (SADP) among PwMS in Sweden. Methods: A longitudinal register–based study was conducted among 1395 PwMS with treatment start in 2014/2015. While DMT use over 5 years was assessed using sequence analysis resulting in four clusters, a 7-year (Y−2 toY4) trend of SADP was analyzed using zero-inflated negative binomial regression. Results: Four clusters of DMT use trajectories were identified: long-term non-high-efficacy (483, 34.6%), long-term high-efficacy (572, 41%), escalation (221, 15.8%), and discontinuation (119, 8.5%). Progressive MS and higher expanded disability status scale scores were associated with the escalation, long-term high-efficacy, or discontinuation clusters. PwMS in the long-term high-efficacy and escalation clusters had higher likelihood of being on SADP. However, PwMS initiating high-efficacy DMTs demonstrated steeper decline in SADP than others. Conclusion: Using sequence analysis, this study showed recent DMT use trajectories among PwMS where initiation of high-efficacy DMTs has become more common. The trend of SADP was stable and lower in those using non-high-efficacy DMTs and larger improvements were shown in those initiating high-efficacy DMTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the externality theory, this paper estimates the city size threshold of specialized agglomeration and diversified agglomeration. We find that when the urban population is below 1.25 million, specialized agglomeration is more advantageous for improving urban labor productivity. When the urban population exceeds 0.9 million, diversified agglomeration is more advantageous for improving urban labor productivity. Moreover, Specialized agglomeration of small and medium-sized cities is more likely to play the role of Marshall-Arrow-Romer externality within the spillover radius of regional central cities. One important policy suggestion is that for areas with small administrative regions and small population, it is better to increase the level of specialized agglomeration through industrial transfer, and for areas with large administrative regions and large population, it is better to increase the level of diversified agglomeration through industrial introduction, so as to further improve the urban economic efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Being connected to the Internet through various mobile devices is pervasive in our daily professional and private lives. Yet, the way people connect, including when, with whom and through which communication channels differs, manifesting individuals' idiosyncratic connectivity patterns. In team collaboration, where individuals are dependent on each other's availability and responsiveness, differences in team members' connectivity patterns can lead to clashing expectations concerning connectivity. This, in turn, can compromise individuals' well-being and productivity and threaten team collaboration outcomes. In this paper, we address the question of how to manage connectivity in interdependent teams and align connectivity patterns to facilitate successful collaboration while at the same time safeguarding individuals' connectivity boundaries. To address this question, we conducted a qualitative case study that involved 39 semi-structured interviews with employees and members of the management board of an international consultancy headquartered in Germany. Building on concepts established in boundary theory, we coined the term "connectivity boundaries" and identified the six boundary work tactics, externalizing, accommodating, adapting, pushing, sacrificing, and enforcing that allow team members to create, maintain, temporarily change, and reclaim their connectivity boundaries and achieve team collaboration success. We developed propositions that highlight which contextual factors and goals are associated with which boundary work tactic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose : To measure the research productivity of trainees from the University of Toronto's Medical Imaging Clinician Investigator Program (MI-CIP) and comparing it with the research productivity of trainees from MI-non-CIP and General Surgery (GSx) Clinician Investigator Program. Methods : We identified residents who completed an MI-CIP, MI-non-CIP and GSx-CIP from 2006-2016. In each group of trainees, we assessed 3 research productivity outcomes with non-parametric tests before residency and at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. Research productivity outcomes include the number of total publications, the number of first-author publications, and the publication's average journal impact factor (IF). Results : We identified 11 MI-CIP trainees (male/female: 9 [82%]/2 [18%]), 74 MI-non-CIP trainees (46 [62%]/28 [38%]) and 41 GSx-CIP trainees (23 [56%]/18 [44%]). MI-CIP trainees had statistically significant higher research productivity than MI-non-CIP in all measured outcomes. The median (interquartile range, IQR) number of total publications of MI-CIP vs MI-non-CIP trainees was 5.0 (8.0) vs 1.0 (2.0) before residency and 6.0 (10.0) vs.0 (2.0) at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. The median (IQR) first-author publications of MI-CIP vs MI-non-CIP trainees was 2.0 (3.0) vs.0 (1.0) before residency and 2.0 (4.0) vs (.0) (1.0) at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. The median (IQR) average journal IF of MI-CIP vs MI-non-CIP trainees was 3.2 (2.0) vs.3 (2.4) before residency and 3.9 (3.2) vs.0 (2.6) at 7 years post-CIP completion/post-graduation. Between MI-CIP and GSx-CIP trainees, there were no significant differences in research productivity in all measured outcomes. Conclusion : MI-CIP trainees actively conducted research after graduation. These trainees demonstrated early research engagement before residency. The similar research productivity of MI-CIP vs GSx-CIP trainees shows initial success of MI-CIP trainees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Gender differences in the written language of autistic individuals are an overlooked but important area of research. We contend that the gender differences in spoken language of autistic individuals may extend to written language, mirroring the gender differences of writing in the general population and reflecting the shared dimensionality of oral and written language. Our research question was: Do autistic adolescent females demonstrate written language characteristics, across persuasive, expository, and narrative genres, that are distinct from those of autistic adolescent males and non-autistic (NA) adolescent females? Methods: We performed a secondary, exploratory analysis on writing samples collected from 18 participants (11 autistic males, three autistic females, and four NA females) from a larger investigation of autistic adolescents' writing skills. Each participant completed three writing samples—one persuasive, one expository, and one narrative (for a total of 54 writing samples). We compared sample length (total number of words), writing productivity (words written per minute), syntactic length (mean length of T-unit in words), vocabulary diversity (type-token ratio), and macrostructure of autistic females' samples to autistic males' and NA females' samples. Results: Based on non-parametric analyses using variable medians, autistic males, but not autistic females, wrote significantly shorter expository samples than NA females. Autistic males' writing productivity was significantly lower in the persuasive and expository genres than both autistic females and NA females. Several other comparisons of sample length, productivity, vocabulary diversity, and persuasive and narrative macrostructure yielded large effect sizes but were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Though our small sample sizes prevent us from drawing generalizable conclusions, we observed that some gender-specific findings of the current study differ from previous findings based on a single autistic group (females and males combined). Combining data of autistic females with autistic males may cloud the distinct written language characteristics of each group. Implications: Our findings, especially when situated in the context of relevant literature, suggest that larger-scale investigation of gender differences in written language is essential in order to more fully describe the unique characteristics of autistic females. Clinicians should be prepared to support autistic writers' needs for producing written language to meet their developmental, academic, social, and employment-related goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Oncology care continues to evolve at a rapid pace including provision of infusion-based care. There is currently a lack of robust metrics around oncology infusion centers and pharmacy practice. The workgroup completed a nationwide survey to learn about oncology-based infusion pharmacy services offered. The objective was to highlight consistent, measureable oncology-based infusion pharmacy metrics that will provide a foundation to describe overall productivity including emphasis on high patient-safety standards. Methods: A nationwide survey was developed via a workgroup within the Vizient Pharmacy Cancer Care Group beginning in April 2019 and conducted electronically via the Vizient Pharmacy Network from September to November 2020. The survey was designed to capture a number of key metrics related to oncology-based infusion pharmacy services. Results: Forty-one sites responded to the survey. Responses highlighted hours of operation (median = 11.5), number of infusion chairs (median = 45). Staffing metrics included 7.1 pharmacist full-time equivalent (FTE) and 7.6 technician FTE per week. 80.5% of sites had cleanrooms and 95.1% reported both hazardous and nonhazardous compounding hoods. 68.3% of sites reported using intravenous (IV) technology, 50.0% measured turnaround time, and 31.4% prepared treatment medications in advance. Conclusion: There was variability among oncology infusion pharmacy practices in regard to survey responses among sites. The survey results highlight the need for standardization of established productivity metrics across oncology infusion pharmacies in order to improve efficiency and contain costs in the changing oncology landscape. The survey provides insight into oncology infusion pharmacy practices nationwide and provides information for pharmacy leaders to help guide their practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research capacity building is a process by which individuals and organizations develop skills and infrastructure resulting in greater ability to conduct useful research. Frequently, research quality and productivity measures focus on outcomes, such as peer-reviewed publications or grants awarded. Such distal measures are not informative when measuring initial stages of research, a common situation in low- and middle-income countries. This study used Cooke's six-principle framework to assess the progress of an autism research collaborative in northern Mexico. We established 64 criteria across the six principles and rated them as Not Started, In Progress, or Achieved, based on narratives and process documentation collected for this purpose. Ratings were established for the years 2018, 2020, and 2022, which correspond to Years 5, 7, and 9 since the beginning of the collaborative, respectively. As of 2022, Principles 2 and 3 ("Close to practice" and "Linkages, collaborations, and partnerships," respectively) had all begun; no criteria were rated as Not started. The principles with the highest Achieved rates were "Linkages, collaborations, and partnerships" (90%), and "Infrastructure" (Principle 6, 70%). Cooke's research capacity building framework is a useful way to monitor progress of research capacity building and contribute to harmonious development of relevant principles at different levels. To inform improvement of care and public policy, quality research is required. Conducting research projects requires skills and infrastructure. Research capacity building is the process by which individuals and organizations develop greater ability to conduct useful research. However, in the scientific community, research quality and productivity measures are often focused on long-term products, such as publications or grants awarded. Those measures are not helpful when measuring initial stages of research, a common situation in low- and middle-income countries. We used a six-principle framework designed by J. Cooke to assess the progress of an autism research collaborative in northern Mexico. We established 64 criteria across the six principles, and rated them as Not Started, In Progress, or Achieved, based on narratives and process documentation collected for this purpose. Ratings were established for the Years 2018, 2020, and 2022. The principles with the highest Achieved rates were "Linkages, collaborations, and partnerships" (90%), and "Infrastructure" (Principle 6, 70%). Cooke's research capacity building framework is a useful way to monitor progress of research capacity building and contribute to harmonious development of relevant principles at different levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although women remain historically underrepresented in medical achievement awards, gender distribution of award recipients in ophthalmology in Canada remain to be explored based on research productivity metrics. Objective: To characterize the gender distribution of award recipients among the main Canadian national ophthalmological societies and subspecialty affiliates based on research productivity, graduate degrees, affiliated institution, and award type. Design: Retrospective, observational study. Methods: Award recipients were selected from the Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS), Canadian Association of Paediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus (CAPOS); Canadian Cornea, External Disease, and Refractive Surgery Society (CCEDRSS); Canadian Council of Ophthalmology Residents (CCOR) Research Proposal Award; and Canadian Glaucoma Society (CGS). The recipients' gender was determined by web search for the gender-specific pronoun, profile photograph check, or using Gender-API. Outcomes included gender distribution of recipients per award, society, year, and training level and differences in research productivity. Results: Thirteen special awards were given to 255 recipients (215 individuals) from 1995 to 2022. In total, 31% of recipients were women, the majority being from Canada. Women had a significantly lower median h-index (2.0 (0–62) women versus 4.0 (0–81) men, p = 0.001) and number of published documents (3.0 (0–213) women versus 8.0 (0–447) men, p < 0.001). On stratified analyses by type of award (research or lifetime achievement) and level of training (trainee or ophthalmologist), significant differences were found for mean h-index and number of publications for awardees within the research category (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively) and trainee level (p = 0.01 and p = 0.02, respectively). Overall, women's proportion rates in awards did not reach parity in 27 out of the 28 years analyzed. Conclusion: Women were confirmed to be historically minored in proportion among the prominent society awards in Canada, with attested research disparity possibly explaining some of this bias. These findings require further confirmation in larger cohorts accounting for additional educational, institutional, and provincial factors. Registration: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recurrent urogenital infections such as bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and urinary tract infections have a high prevalence and pronounced psychosocial impact. However, no review has compared the psychosocial impacts across infection types. This narrative review discusses the impact of common recurrent urogenital infections on psychosocial aspects, including quality of life, stress, mental health, sexual health, work productivity, race and ethnicity, and satisfaction of medical care. Validated questionnaires show that women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and urinary tract infections have decreased scores on all aspects of quality of life. Those with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis and urinary tract infections show lower mental health scores compared to the general population, with increased risk of anxiety and depression. Recurrent urogenital infections affect sexual relationships and intimacy, including avoidance due to symptoms or as a method of prevention. Recurrent infections also increase medical cost and negatively affect work productivity, leading to a combined estimated cost of over US$13 billion per year. There are clear effects of racial inequality involving minority populations that affect diagnosis, treatment, prevalence, and reporting of recurrent urogenital infections. Satisfactory medical treatment improves quality of life and mental health in those suffering from these conditions. Research evaluating psychosocial aspects of recurrent urogenital infections is variable and is not comparable across vulvovaginal conditions. Even so, psychosocial factors are important in understanding contribution and consequence of urogenital infections. Education, awareness, normalization, community support, and access to care can help to alleviate the negative implications of recurrent urogenital infections. Plain language summary: A narrative review discussing the psychosocial impact of common recurrent urogenital infections and highlights areas where further research is needed to improve clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following Marx's general law of capitalist accumulation, the present article seeks to evaluate the impact of fixed capital stock, labor productivity, and the mass of profits on the dynamics of employment in Colombia from 1965 to 2019 using a Vector Error Correction Model. The results show that the level of employment exhibits a significant long-term relationship with both the fixed capital stock and labor productivity. In line with Marx's theory, employment expands with fixed capital stock and contracts with labor productivity. In turn, the mass of profits has positive effects on both the capital stock and labor productivity. The empirical findings also support the existence of Marx's biased technical change as well as a negative feedback effect from employment to profits. JEL Classification: J21, C21, C22, B51 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Bibliometric analysis has been widely adopted to measure individual productivity and discipline development. This study aims to advance the application of this method in the social work discipline. Method: Using the knowledge mapping technique in CiteSpace 5.8.R3, this study performed a co-word analysis of 1,007 first-authored articles published from 2000 to 2022 by 60 scholars who are listed among the top 2% most-cited scholars on social work and are holding doctoral degrees in the same field. Results: The cluster analysis identified seven main research hotspots and burst detection results revealed four groups of research frontiers, including spiritual and cultural needs, children's wellbeing, social work practices and development, and social work research, with bullying and peer victimization, particularly among African-American adolescents and youth in Chicago's southside, continuing to attract much research interest. Discussion: This study examines how individual works contribute to the conceptual structure and scientific evolution of social work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autism spectrum disorder has gained international attention due to its prevalence and the extent to which it can affect families. As a disorder without quantifiable treatment effects, it is easily overlooked in the battle for resources. Estimating family economic burdens and the specific factors that may be associated with them could help in the identification of resources and the promotion of social justice. We examined the family costs from a national family survey with Children with autism spectrum disorder aged 2–6 years (N = 3236). A three-tiered model to quantify the costs was used. The families' average annual direct cost per child was $24,869.0, including direct medical cost (inpatient, outpatient,drugs, etc.) of $6009.2 and direct nonmedical cost (rehabilitation or educational, rental, transportation, care, and others) of $18,859.8. The annual indirect costs (productivity loss from resignation and job adjustment) for families were $13,990.7. The total costs were $34,206.5. The results of the regression revealed that the mothers' educational level was significantly associated with costs. Families with an interprovincial immigration background, a higher-than-average income, or children with more severe autism spectrum disorder had a greater possibility of higher direct, indirect, and overall costs. Autism spectrum disorder imposed a significant financial burden on the families of children with autism spectrum disorder. This is the first comprehensive national study to explore the direct and indirect costs for families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. The increasing prevalence of autism spectrum disorder highlights a growing need for resources to provide care for families of children with autism spectrum disorder. The medical and nonmedical costs and parents' productivity loss have caused a serious burden on their families. Our objective is to estimate the direct and indirect costs for the families of children with autism spectrum disorder in China. The target population was parents of children with autism spectrum disorder. We analyzed the costs using cross-sectional data from a Chinese national family survey with children aged 2–6 years (N = 3236) who were clinically diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder. Family data from 30 provinces in China were obtained. Cost items included direct medical costs, direct nonmedical costs, and indirect costs. In this study, we found that the largest part of family costs for autism spectrum disorder are nonmedical costs and productivity loss. Autism spectrum disorder has imposed a huge economic burden on parents having children with autism spectrum disorder in China, who need more support than the current health care system provides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the determinants of inequality in the distribution of CO2 emissions across U.S. regions. We implement a factorial decomposition of CO2 per capita based on extended Kaya factors, that is, carbon intensity of fossil fuel consumption, energy mix, energy intensity of GDP, economic growth in terms of labor productivity and employment rate. Results reveal that U.S. states display marked differences in most factors. We identify energy intensity as the main source of emissions inequality. Based on the within and between group inequality components we also explore the effect of geographical, geological, climatic and human development partitions of U.S. states' groups. Findings indicate that the within-group inequality had been the main contributor to the whole inequality. Finally, some economic policy implications are also discussed; explaining the unequal distribution of emissions is vital to establish differentiated targets and work towards successful mitigation proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the communication needs of individuals who use Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) devices, communication partners are often responsible for the programming of the AAC devices. However, the prolonged learning time and operational demands of AAC devices are often barriers to an efficient use of time during a therapy session. We developed a prototype app for iPad, called Speech-to-Symbol that decreases the programming time by finding pictures stored in the app using speech-to-text technology. We compared our solution to the TalkTablet app during AAC sessions with children with different communication disabilities. The aims of this study were 1) to compare the time to program both apps, 2) to identify the type of vocabulary used, and 3) to assess the usability of the two apps. Results showed that the reduced operational demands of our Speech-to-Symbols app allow communication partners to expose children to a larger and more diverse vocabulary. In addition, the communication partners gave our Speech-to-Symbols app a higher usability rating. Implications for clinical and educational settings and directions for future research are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To explore the self-perceived occupational performance in daily life activities in individuals with vertigo in Jordan. Existing evidence is limited on how vertigo affects performing daily life activities like self-care. Materials and methods: This study utilized a cross-sectional design, and convenient sampling. Thirty individuals with vertigo (M = 47.6 years, SD = 15.93) agreed to participate in this study, filled-out the study demographic and condition-related questionnaire, and completed the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure via a semi-structured interview with study research personnel. Data analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, analysis of frequencies, and Analysis of Variance. Results and conclusions: Individuals with vertigo reported low to average self-perceived occupational performance (M = 4.13, SD = 1.64) and satisfaction (M = 3.46, SD = 1.98). The most challenging area of occupation was self-care (66% of the reported challenging activities), followed by productivity (18%) and leisure (16%). Personal care activities were the most challenging from the self-care area (31%), household management activities from the productivity area (13%), and active recreation activities from the leisure area (7%). In conclusion, individuals with vertigo experience low to average occupational performance and satisfaction in daily life activities. Targeted interventions for individuals with vertigo should increase occupational performance in daily life activities, especially self-care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kenneth Pomeranz and Li Bozhong have recently conceded that they had been wrong that "the great divergence" between China and the West occurred only after 1800, but they continue to insist that when it came to agriculture and its labor productivity, their earlier argument still holds. This article summarizes the broad differences between eighteenth-century England's crops cum animal husbandry agriculture and China's crops-only agriculture to demonstrate the fundamental differences between the two. It is time we recognize fully how very different the two were and are, and how and why each follows an entirely different pattern to modern development. It is simply wrong to continue to obscure those basic differences by insisting on equivalence between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article employs a panel data econometric approach in order to empirically ascertain the role of the phenomenon of financialization in the deceleration of labor productivity in the European Union countries from 1980 to 2019. During that time, the European Union countries suffered a huge structural transformation based on Reaganomics and Thatcherism and their financial systems have experienced strong liberalization and deregulation, which have contributed to poor evolution of labor productivity and have revived fears around a new "secular stagnation" in the era of financialization. Grounded in post-Keynesian literature, the slowdown of labor productivity in the majority of developed economies in the last decades cannot be separated from the phenomenon of financialization, which has occurred through four different channels, namely, weak economic performance, the decline in the labor income share, the increase in personal income inequality, and the strengthening of the degree of financialization and its corresponding harmful effects on innovation, research and development, technological progress, and productive investments performed by nonfinancial corporations. Our findings confirm that lagged labor productivity, economic performance, and labor income share have a positive impact on labor productivity in the European Union countries, while personal income inequality and the degree of financialization impact it negatively. Our findings also reveal that labor productivity in the European Union countries in the last decades would have grown more if there had been a stronger economic performance, a smaller decline (or even a rise) of the labor income share, a smaller increase (or even a decrease) of personal income inequality, and a weakening of the degree of financialization. JEL Classification: C23, E12, E24, and E44 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behavior disorders (BDs) are common and, without treatment, can have long-term impacts on child and family health. Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) is the standard of care intervention for early-onset BDs; however, structural socioeconomic barriers hinder treatment outcomes for low-income families. While digital technologies have been proposed as a mechanism to improve engagement in BPT, research exploring the relationship between technology use and outcomes is lacking. Thus, this study with 34 low-income families examined the impact of parents' use of adjunctive mobile app components on treatment efficiency in one technology-enhanced (TE-) BPT program, Helping the Noncompliant Child (HNC). While parent use of the TE-HNC app and its impact on the efficiency of service delivery varied across specific components, increased app use significantly reduced the number of weeks required for families to achieve skill mastery. Implications for the design and development of behavior intervention technologies in general, as well as for BPT in particular, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Payment methods based on a controlled or adjusted prospective payment system rather than 'Fee for Services' or direct payment are considered beneficial to access the healthcare delivery services. The purpose of this review was to identify technical challenges faced by three WHO regions, namely, Western Pacific, South East Asia Eastern and the Mediterranean while establishing or adopting a diagnosis-related group (DRG)/case-mix grouper and report the extent of implementing this system for reimbursement and healthcare financing in three WHO regions, namely, Western Pacific, South East Asia Eastern and the Mediterranean. The study followed PRISMA guidelines, and 33 articles published from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2019 were selected for critical appraisal after systematic filtration. The objectives of the implementation of the DRG system in most developed and developing countries in these regions were to bring transparency in the payment system and reduce treatment costs by avoiding unnecessary healthcare services. The countries in the study regions were at different levels of economic and social development status, therefore the implementation and adaptation status of DRG/case-mix system/grouper varied in these countries The findings revealed that most of the countries faced challenges related to inequalities and inefficiencies in the healthcare system, shortage of funding, poor documentation related to diagnosis and procedures, incomplete medical record files and lack of primary data required for the case-mix system during the DRG/case-mix adaptation phase. The results also pointed to the importance of initial pilot testing of the DRG/case-mix system/grouper and careful manipulation and adaptation to the local context, especially when the DRG system/grouper imported from other countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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An editorial is presented on the challenges posed by neoliberalism in academia, particularly in the context of social work, and the focus on "productivity" as a measure of impact. The topics include the impact of external events on academic scholarship, the tension between capitalism publishing and ethical research, and the need to resist the quantification of impact that undermines meaningful contributions.

Women enter doctoral programs at higher numbers than ever before, earning half the doctoral degrees in the United States. Some women doctoral students experience pregnancy and parenthood during their studies. As infertility and pregnancy loss are common occurrences, likely many women doctoral students encountered these reproductive challenges as well. This research study (N = 328) explores the experiences of women doctoral students who experience infertility, fertility treatment, and pregnancy loss. Participants described the influence of these experiences on their doctoral education, productivity, and professional development, the institutional resources available to support them, and the gaps in supports. Women who accessed fertility treatment reported more of an impact on productivity and more desired institutional supports than those who experienced infertility without treatment or pregnancy loss. The implications of these findings are discussed, including the use of the mentoring relationship to support women doctoral students, the role of grief, and the creation of formal institutional policies that explicitly address these types of circumstances, allowing for accommodations such as flexibility and class absences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]