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Thromboembolic disease is a common complication of hip fracture in the elderly. Anticoagulants represent a standard of care in preventing postoperative thrombotic complications following surgical fixation. We asked whether levels of antibody to heparin–platelet factor 4 (PF4) complex were differentially present in unfractionated heparin (UFH) versus Enoxaparin, following hip fracture and whether one particular subtype of antibodies was more prevalent. Plasma samples from elderly patients sustaining a hip fracture treated with either enoxaparin or UFH were collected pre- and postoperatively and analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sandwich method for the prevalence of antiheparin-PF4 antibodies and later subtyped. The prevalence of antiheparin-PF4 antibodies was higher in the UFH group especially on postoperative day 7. Patients treated with UFH showed a greater prevalence of antiheparin-PF4 antibodies and a greater prevalence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) subtype. Heparin and enoxaparin are capable of generating heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) antibodies in elderly patients undergoing orthopedic surgery but perhaps not to the same extent. When comparing low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) with UFH, the incidence of new antiheparin-PF4 antibody production is higher in patients treated with UFH. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]