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Media coverage of large-scale violence can result in interfering thoughts and depression. This research investigates the relationship between interfering thoughts and depression when watching the Russo-Ukrainian war. In the theoretical model, the more the war is watched, the more it is related to interfering thoughts, which are related to depression. With the ongoing pandemic, depression, when watching the war, was related to coronavirus threat. Data was collected online from April to June, 2022, with university students in Germany, Finland, and Canada (N = 865). Path analysis results in each sample showed that the model fit the data with sample-specific modification indices. There was full mediation of watching the war by interference on depression, indicating that it is not watching the war, per se, but rather its relationship to cognitive interference, that is associated with depression. Denial and coronavirus threat were positively related to depression. Implications for research and student support are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essential aspect of aging is successful coping. This entails learning how to deal effectively with change, losses, disappointments, and decline. The present study examined the relationship between coping, social support, daily hassles, functional disability, and physical and psychological health status in a sample of 224 community-residing older adults. Data were collected using a confidential and anonymous questionnaire. Results of structural equation analyses showed that social support was associated with fewer daily hassles. Social support was also indirectly related to daily hassles—that is, by increasing proactive coping. Further results indicated that proactive coping was inversely related to health hassles and functional disability. Proactive coping also was indirectly related to somatization and functional disability through health hassles. Results also showed that greater functional disability was associated with greater somatization. Implications of the results for healthy psychological functioning in the elderly are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Increasingly, organizations are experiencing changes as a result of extensive downsizing, restructuring, and merging. In Canada, government-sponsored medicine has been affected as hospitals have merged or closed, reducing essential medical services and resulting in extensive job loss for hospital workers, particularly nurses. Hospital restructuring has also resulted in greater stress and job insecurity in nurses. The escalation of stressors has created burnout in nurses. This study examines predictors of burnout in nurses experiencing hospital restructuring using the MBI-General Survey which yields scores on three scales: Emotional exhaustion, Cynicism, and Professional efficacy. Multiple regressions were conducted where each burnout scale was the criterion and stressors (e.g., amount of work, use of generic workers to do nurses' work), restructuring effects, social support, and individual resources (e.g., control coping, self-efficacy, prior organizational commitment) were predictors. There were differences in the amount of variance accounted for in the burnout components by stressors and resources. Stressors contributed most to emotional exhaustion and least to professional efficacy. Individual resources were more likely to contribute to professional efficacy and least to emotional exhaustion. Stressors and resources accounted for approximately equal amounts of variance in cynicism. Three conclusions were drawn. First, present findings parallel others by showing that individual coping patterns contribute to professional efficacy. Second, emotional exhaustion was found to be the prototype of stress. Third, prior organizational commitment, self-efficacy, and control coping resulted in lower burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study that examined the role played by job mobility options and financial resources among nursing staff during a period of major hospital restructuring and downsizing. Overview of the restructuring and downsizing in health care.

Examines the effects of hospital restructuring and downsizing on the employment of the nursing staff in Canada. Description and responses of the less tenured nursing staff; Implications of the situation on hospital administration and the nursing profession; Impact of the retirement of longer tenured nursing staff on the nursing availability.

Examines the relationship among organizational functioning and psychological variables in a sample of managers. Interrelations among individual difference, demographic and organizational factors; Higher qualifications for women; Psychological and organizational implications of marriage and family which vary with gender; Different function of social support for men and women.

Examines a research model developed to understand psychological burn out among school-based educators. Identification of predictor variables; Work stressors as strong predictors; Teaching as a stressful occupation; Effects of various panels of variables in models of occupational stress; Respondents; Effects of social support, individual and organizational coping efforts.

This longitudinal study examined antecedents and consequences of psychological burnout among human service professionals. Antecedents of psychological burnout included individual and situational characteristics, work stressors, and measures of social support. Consequences of psychological burnout emphasized satisfaction and emotional and physical well-being variables. Participants in the study were 362 school-based educators (teachers and administrators) employed by the same school board. Respondents completed questionnaires sent to them at their schools at two points in time, 1 year apart. Regression analyses of time-lagged data replicated many empirical findings from cross-sectional studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the relationship between job satisfaction and burnout using a process model of psychological burnout. The model proposes that certain work setting characteristics interact with particular nonwork characteristics of individuals causing specific work stressors. These particular sources of stress, in turn, result in psychological burnout which then leads to job dissatisfaction. The research involves a secondary analysis of longitudinal data collected from 245 school-based educators from a single Board of Education. The results shows that negative work setting characteristics and marital dissatisfaction are associated with greater work stressors, which in turn are associated with increased burnout, which in turn result in decreased job satisfaction. When the longitudinal design is employed, psychological burnout appear to have a causal relationship to job satisfaction, not vice versa. Recognizing stressors is a major factor in successfully dealing with job burnout.

This article examines the psychological burnout among men and women in teaching using a framework development by C. Cherniss (1980). This model proposes that particular work setting characteristics interact with individuals who enter the job with particular career orientations, and extra-work demands and supports. This investigation examined psychological burn out among 833 men and women in teaching using a framework developed by Cherniss (1980). Work setting characteristics in concert with person variables (both individual differences and extras work factors) were hypothesized to result in experienced stress. Some individuals cope with these sources of stress by developing the negative attitude change termed psychological burnout. Respondents provided data by completing questionnaires anonymously. The data provide strong preliminary support for the model and produced findings consistent with previous research. Suggestions for organizational intervention are offered. The present investigation also contributed to the understanding of burnout in other ways.

In an experiment in which 89 mother-child pairs were employed as Ss, the relationship between maternal communication and ethnicity of the mother was examined. Direct observation of maternal communication was used during 3 discussion tasks in which mother and child were required to reach a consensus. The results of a verbal analysis of maternal communication indicated that Italian immigrant mothers tended to rely on direct imperatives and requests for orientation in addressing their sons and daughters. Canadian mothers relied on more indirect forms of control, and second-generation Italian mothers were most likely to employ justifications, particularly concrete and normative appeals. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]