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Aims: To assess differences between articles published in the Journal of Orthodontics (JO) and European Journal of Orthodontics (EJO) from 1999 to 2008 and compare longitudinal publication profiles. Design: Retrospeclive, observational Methods: The main study examined articles from the American Journal of Orthodontics and Den tofacial Orthopedics and Angle Orthodontist alongside the JO and EJO. All journals were hand-searched to identify eligible articles. A random sample from these articles was obtained to provide 80% power to detect a 100% increase in the number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) at the 5% level of significance. Each article was classified according to pre-determined criteria by one author (RG). Variations between journals were assessed using the chi-squared test or odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% Results: A random sample of 425 articles was obtained from 4301 eligible articles, of which 113 were from the JO or EJO. About 34.5% of articles were from the JO and 66.5% the EJO. Statistically significant differences were found between the type (P<0.00l), subject (P=0.049), method/direction (P=0.038) and controls (P=0.006) of articles published in the two journals. When compared longitudinally the proportion of RCTs published between 1989 and 1993 (2.8%) and 1999-2008 (18.5%) was statistically significant (OR=8.0, 95% CI 2.8, 23.1). Statistically significant differences were seen over time in all aspects investigated. Conclusions: Statistically significant differences were found in the publication profiles of the two orthodontic journals during the period examined and longitudinally. A piece of clinical research was 8 times more likely to be an RCT during 1999-2008, compared to 1989-1993. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why do regimes delegate authority over a territory to nonstate militias, in effect voluntarily sacrificing their monopoly over the use of violence? This article argues that two factors increase the probability of states delegating control to a proxy militia, namely, military purges and armed conflict. Military purges disrupt intelligence-gathering structures and the organizational capacity of the military. To counteract this disruption, military leaders subcontract the task of control and repression to allied militias that have the local intelligence skills necessary to manage the civilian population. This argument is conditioned by whether the state faces an armed insurgency in a given region since intelligence, control, and repression are needed most where the state is being challenged. This hypothesis is tested on unique data for all subnational regions within Myanmar during the period 1962 to 2010 and finds that proxy militias are more likely to be raised in conflict areas after military purges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural America's economy, culture, and landscape have entered a period of sustained and dramatic change. Patterns of land use and the context of development are increasingly driven by natural resource-based amenity values. Planners face a new breed of economic, social, and environmental issues brought about by this rapid change in land use; driven, in large part, by demands for rural residential developments and recreationally-oriented land uses. This annotated bibliography has been compiled as a primer to the academic literature that relates to this phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article the author comments on the study by Richard M. Gibson and Jayne E. Harrison on the changes of the content of articles published in two orthodontic journals since 1999-2008. He says that the authors of the study show the rise of publication for reviews and the reduction on publication of articles related to education. He mentions the need to maintain research related to education as it is critical to ensure the use of the most suitable methods in the next generation.