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The article examines the principals' practices and perceptions involving the prevention of bullying in elementary schools in the U.S. The principals selected for the study, were made to answer a four-page questionnaire that was patterned from the Norwegian Bullying Prevention program. Survey data showed that principals perceived that postbullying activities like contacting parents of bullies, is an effective means of reducing bullying problems. On the other hand, environmental bullying prevention activities is the least effective. Study also showed that principals who had bullying prevention training perceived primary prevention activities as effective. The study implicated that implementing bullying prevention activities will decrease extent of youth bullying in the U.S.

The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of childhood trauma. Aspects addressed were the children's 'trauma narratives', how they told the story of what took place, and their current outlook after the trauma. Six participants, aged 9-13 years, who had experienced a traumatic event within the past two years, were administered a semi-structured interview. Participants' traumatic events primarily consisted of traumatic loss. The data were then analyzed using grounded theory analysis. Results suggest that throughout the traumatic event, participants used a process of 'negotiation', in which they attended to both familiar or 'normal' aspects of everyday life, and the threatening or 'different' aspects of the trauma. This 'negotiation' process is a metaphor for participants' ability to recognize both of these aspects of the traumatic event, and to maintain a balance between the two. This process continued to be used in children's current post-trauma life experience. Participants described the post-trauma world as changed, and as not sharing aspects of normalcy from the pre-trauma world. This model of children's experience of traumatic events suggests that in the treatment of traumatized children, it is necessary to broaden the definition of trauma to include sudden bereavement and the witnessing of violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The incidence and lethality of youth violence is escalating, leading to the development of violence prevention programs. Some have attempted to " resensitize " individuals to violence. The Attitudes Towards Violence Scale was designed to assess the impact of such interventions. The Scale demonstrates good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha = .86) and a meaningful two-factor solution: Reactive Violence (violence used in response to actual or perceived thread and Culture of Violence (a pervasive, ingrained identification with violence as an acceptable and valued activity). Being male, being of a non-European American ethnicity, or being a victim of violence predicted endorsement of proviolence attitudes. The Attitudes Towards Violence Scale may be useful in targeting interventions according to preexisting attitudinal dispositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determines whether commercial ratings reflect consumer perceptions of violence in popular electronic games. Goal of rating systems; Evolution of media ratings; Ratings in the music industry.

The evolution of the video game phenomenon is reviewed and contemporary data are presented. A survey assessing frequency and location of play and game preference was completed by 357 seventh- and eighth-grade students. In this middle-class sample, about two thirds of girls played video games at least one to two hours per week at home, but only 20% played in arcades. About 90% of boys played in the home and about 50% in arcades. Approximately half of preferred games were from one of two categories of violent games, while 2% of preferred games were educational. Parent education about the influence of the media should include recommendations to monitor game playing and influence game selection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guidelines are presented to aid in the management of single-incident, nonviolent sexual exploitation of the preschool child. Objectives include safeguarding the child, dealing with any physical trauma and facilitating a quick resolution of the acute emotional crisis for the child and the parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]