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The acronym PHACE describes the association of facial hemangioma with anomalies of the posterior fossa, cerebral arteries, and cardiovascular and ocular alterations. This study presents a case of diagnostic suspicion based on fetal MRI. We report the case of a pregnant woman whose 26-week MRI revealed a female fetus with hypoplasia of the right cerebellar hemisphere and right microphthalmia, leading to the suspicion of PHACE syndrome. The diagnosis was confirmed at birth, together with other criteria: facial hemangioma, absent posterior inferior cerebellar artery, and dysplasia of the right internal carotid artery. To our knowledge, this is the first live case described prenatally with both ocular and cerebellar findings on fetal MRI that suggest PHACE syndrome. The prenatal presence of 2 PHACE criteria led to the suspicion of this syndrome, and prenatal diagnostic criteria might be developed to improve information regarding the prognosis of cerebellar malformations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizencephaly is a rare disorder of neuronal migration that is characterized by the presence of clefts that extend from the ependymal surface of the lateral ventricles to the pial lining of the cortex. The authors present the case of a female patient with a prenatal diagnosis made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), her clinical course, and neurorradiological evolution following birth. A 6-year-old female, with right open lip schizencephaly, was diagnosed by means of prenatal cerebral magnetic resonance at the gestational age of 25 weeks. The patient does not present intellectual disability, reaching developmental milestones at normal time points. The MRI of the brain reveals right, perisylvian, closed lip schizencephaly. Prenatal MRI is remarkably useful in the diagnosis and prognostic approach to the condition. It is less useful in classifying the unilateral forms (open vs closed lips), and hence, its prognostic validity is more limited. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meralgia paresthetica is a mononeuropathy affecting the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve that is extremely rare in children. Two adolescent females, aged 11 and 13 years, presented due to tingling and pain on the side of the thigh of 2 to 3 weeks duration. The general examination revealed mild obesity; the neurological examination of both patients is normal except for pain, hypo- or hyperesthesia on the side of the quadriceps. An electromyogram was performed in the first case that reveals decreased conduction velocity of the affected lateral femoral cutaneous nerve. The younger child was treated successfully with diet and topiramate; the second patient's symptoms disappeared after initiating conservative measures. Meralgia paresthetica is probably underdiagnosed in the pediatric population. First-line treatment should be conservative, but topiramate may be useful for the treatment of meralgia paresthetica, although broader studies are needed to evaluate its true effectiveness in this pathological condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classification of epilepsy includes a group of generalized idiopathic epilepsies that are triggered by a specific mode of activation, known as reflex epilepsies. Photosensitive epilepsy is the most common type. Some patients with photosensitive epilepsy use this sensitivity to induce seizures or epileptiform discharges on the electroencephalogram. In some patients, psychopharmacological treatment, for instance with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and neuroleptics, has demonstrated benefit insofar as self-induction of seizures is concerned. However, so far as we know, there are no documented cases of treatment with methylphenidate in patients with this type of seizure. Our purpose is to report the case of an 8-year-old girl with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and self-induced photosensitive epilepsy whose behavior in general, and self-inducing behavior in particular, improved dramatically following treatment with methylphenidate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frontonasal dysplasia is an etiologically heterogeneous development alteration including a set of anomalies affecting the eyes, forehead, and nose as a result of a malformation of the frontonasal elevation. It could occur either in isolation or as part of a syndrome such as frontonasal dysplasia associated with periventricular heterotopia. Our goal is to document the first clinical case of prenatal diagnosis for frontonasal dysplasia associated with periventricular heterotopia by fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at weeks 19.5 and 29 and postnatal MRI. In conclusion, the presence of frontonasal dysplasia in a prenatal ultrasonography should always be followed by a fetal MRI with routine screening for periventricular nodular heterotopias so as to establish a more adequate prognosis for the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aim was to investigate bilateral, wide-spread pressure pain hyperalgesia in symptomatic (trigeminocervical) and non-symptomatic (pain-free distant) regions in children with frequent episodic tension-type headache (FETTH). Methods: Twenty-five children, 6 boys and 19 girls (mean age, 8.9 ± 1.8 years) with FETTH and 50 age- and sex-matched healthy children (12 boys, 38 girls; mean age: 8.8 ± 1.7 years) were recruited. Pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were bilaterally assessed over temporalis muscle, upper trapezius muscle, second metacarpal and tibialis anterior muscles in a blinded design.Results: The results showed that PPT levels were significantly decreased bilaterally over the temporalis, upper trapezius and tibialis muscles, and the second metacarpal in children with FETTH as compared to controls (all sites, P < 0.001). No significant differences in the magnitude of PPT decrease between the upper trapezius muscle, second metacarpal and tibialis anterior muscles were found. PPT over both upper trapezius muscles were negatively correlated with the history and intensity of headache (rs =-0.415; P = 0.045).Conclusions: The findings revealed bilateral, wide-spread pressure pain hypersensitivity in children with FETTH suggesting that wide-spread central sensitisation is involved in children with this headache pain condition. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]