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Details the civil war between the Nationalist and Communist groups in China in 1947. Illustration on how Mao Zedong conducted his Communist Party war efforts against the Nationalist army of Chiang Kai-shek; Description of the rural village that was the base of Communist and Mao's war campaigns.

Provides information on the response to James Hevia's interpretation of the article `Cherishing Sources from Afar.' Criticisms of Hevia's translations.

Assesses the contribution of the 1997 Joseph R. Levenson Prize-winning book `Cherishing Men from Afar: Qing Guest Ritual and the Macartney Embassy of 1793,' by James L. Hevia, to the understanding of China's history. Hevia's skillful combination of post-modern interpretation and new archival resources to present a revisionist account of the Macartney mission; Qing policy toward the Macartney mission.

Focuses on the emergence of revolutionary movement in China in the 20th century. Subsequent collapse and change in revolutionary regimes; Proposal for a rethinking of the Chinese revolution; Shaan-Gan-Ning border region as base area of communist movement in China; Reassessment of the failings and contingency of the revolution.