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Relative air humidity in hospitals is often perceived as low. This seems to be due to high indoor temperature or high particle concentration in the air. Perception of dry air, and low relative air humidity, can enforce the conditions for the HVAC system design so that the indoor environment can be improved. In this study, conducted in a hospital ward, measurements and questionnaire distribution to nursing staff and patients were carried out under both summer and winter conditions. The results showed that during summer and winter the relative air humidity and the humidity ratio indoors were low, and that both staff and patients perceived the air as dry during those seasons. In order to change these conditions the indoor air has to be humidified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Explores the subjective perception of megalithic people on the cycle of the seasons based on the spring full moon. Regularities involved in the rising of the spring moon; Reference direction for the observation of the full moon rise; Role of spring moon in determining megalithic tombs.

Chapter 6 of the book "A Cosmic Geography" is presented. It explores the location of the sun in different geographical locations and various seasons of the year. It inquires whether the sun rises earlier or later if the earth turns on its axis from west to east, and if the sun would have many days in a year if a man should travel around the earth from west to east in just one year.

The article presents the fifth part in a series of suggested lessons in the study and teaching of astronomical geography. As a follow-up to the previous lesson on the earth's axis, the author has devoted this article to the effects of the different positions of the earth on the changing of seasons. The discussion focuses on the cause of seasonal changes and the varying length of days and nights throughout the year in the different parts of the globe.

The article discusses the lessons in astronomical geography including definitions and suggestions for young teachers who are earnest to make their students master geography. It requires great use of imagination to understand things or objects intended to be illustrated by machines or tools. The pupils must be made familiar with certain geometrical ideas and be put in exact words to express them. A foundation in mathematical geography will lead to the study of geometry and astronomy.

The article focuses on astronomical geography. Vertical rays upon the equator are not always cast by the sun. It is said that one half of the path or orbit of the heavenly bodies can be seen while standing on the equator. Length of the day at the equator is not affected by the movement of the sun south of the equator.

The article describes a technique for teaching astronomical geography. When the fact is established in the minds of students that the constellations move while the pole star appears stationary, a series of observations can be made to show that the stars have their regular orbits. Students can be taught some facts concerning the pole star.

The article presents information on the planets as of February 1881. Mercury is going to attain its greatest distance at the east side of the Sun on February 23. Jupiter will pass 6° in the south part of the Moon on February 3 and 3 1/2° in the south side of Venus on February 21. Neptune will be passing the meridian on February 10 at 5:14 p.m.

The article presents several questions related to mathematical geography. The direction for the appearance of the sun to an observer at the north pole on June 21 is cited. The course of the sun to an observer on or near the Arctic circle is described. Information on the land of the midnight sun is provided.

The article focuses on the observations gathered from an experiment performed by some pupils in Asbury Park, New Jersey. The sun's elevation was noted and its positions were compared on the meridian. It was found that the turning-point of the sun at noon showed that it is higher up on the meridian in its southward march. The pupils observed that the sun moved towards north and outlines the celestial equator and the celestial Tropic of Cancer.

The article offers news briefs related to education in the U.S. on January 20, 1887. The new rule that initiates the implementation of electric time in all the schoolrooms was proven significant to ascertain the correctness and uniformity of time. The most common book for children "Practical Spelling," by James Munroe is not included in the Spelling Number preparation. Furthermore, an observation of the lessons in astronomical geography is posted.

The article offers a guide on teaching astronomical geography. In taking observations of the sun, pupils should see the sun as it rises and note its place of rising and setting. The angle formed by the direction of the shadow cast by any vertical object at noon should be observed. The distance of the celestial equator from the zenith can be measured from the zenith to the horizon.

Presents letters to the editor referencing articles and topics discussed in previous issues. Factors to consider in conducting science experiments about the effects of alcohol on the human body; Comments on the difference between the two phrases with the brightest events and has refreshed the minds; Errors made in the illustration of astronomical geography.

Describes a method of teaching mathematical or astronomical geography focusing on the movements of the sun. Guide for pupils in observing the sun; Locations where the students can observe the rising and setting of the sun; Exercise about the elevation of the sun at noon.

The article provides information about an inquiry from a certain mapmaker if the international date line or imaginary line follows the 180th meridian in the U.S. The author notes that the date line does not follow the 180th meridian or any other meridian but deviates route through the Pacific region. The reason behind why the date line is placed in the Pacific Ocean is because it would provide convenience for both the time of North America and parts of Asia and Russia.

The article presents an astronomical guide on constellations for November 1890. To trace the constellations that will be readily found in the heavens on the first of November 1891, an observer must stand facing the north and he will see Ursa Major just below Polaris. In the northeast, Auriga will be seen just rising, and Persens above, nearly midway to the meridian.

The article discusses the features and design of the School Atlas by J. G. Bartholomew and published by Macmillan & Co. The atlas is composed of seven maps of astronomical geography and sixteen different projections of the globe. It has numerous physical maps and shows the depths of the sea and heights of the land. Also, the atlas has four isothermic and two barometric maps, as well as seven maps of the winds, rainfall, races, religions, and density of population.