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This paper aims to elucidate the phenomenon of cost overruns resulting from government-led risks, with a specific focus on contract changes within the context of 70 Indonesian toll road projects. The dataset demonstrates a broad spectrum of cost overrun rates (COR), from −34.43% to 356.54%, with a median of 0.00% (mean = 14.83%). Empirical evidence demonstrates that contract changes exert a discernible influence on cost overruns. Among the sampled projects, 39 out of 70 encountered changes in their original contracts, and within this subset of projects, the median COR was 7.00% (mean = 26.63%). In the case of projects experiencing cost overruns and underruns, the median COR amounted to 21.00% (mean = 44.55%, n = 27) and −13.50% (mean = −13.72%, n = 12), respectively. This paper delves into the correlations between the COR and various project attributes, providing elucidations grounded in the framework of multiple theories in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper analyses the performance and appropriateness of the Indonesian government's 'good governance' institutional reform aimed at stimulating infrastructure construction. During the 15 years after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, the government attempted to strengthen formal institutions with the goal of improving public investment efficiency and attracting private investors. By analysing policies in the construction industry in terms of company registration, procurement and state enterprises, the paper finds that the outcome was far from what was expected by technocratic-bureaucratic reform promoters as interest groups frequently succeeded in capturing the new institutional system. This paper then challenges the dominant narrative that overwhelmingly blames incomplete institutional reform for Indonesia's slow infrastructure construction. Given the inherent market failure and political challenges in institutional reform, the paper argues that passive developmentalist policies, which resulted in conflictual state–business relations and insufficient public investment, were a prime cause that then set the stage for the emergence of state-led infrastructure development strategy from the mid-2010s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seeking to assess the current state of international broadcasters (IBs) within the framework of public diplomacy, this paper assesses the relevance of state-sponsored IBs within the contemporary public diplomacy. This paper focuses on the IBs of two neighboring countries, Indonesia and Australia, and political authorities' dynamic support for their services. Data were obtained through desk reviews of IB policies, in-depth interviews, and online observation of the websites of Siaran Luar Negeri (SLN, Indonesia's IB) and ABC Radio Australia (RA, Australia's IB). This paper finds that both countries have continued to use IBs for their public diplomacy, yet 'political parallelism' determines the position and sustainability of each. SLN has had limited political support and faced a series of managerial crises, while RA has enjoyed the fruitful support of the Australian authorities and has been heavily involved in public diplomacy in the Asia–Pacific region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main problem highlighted in this essay is the challenges being faced by Christian migrants in Indonesia. They are expected to succeed in overcoming the cross-cultural problems within their Christian communities, and externally to take part in building a fellowship beyond their own groups. Indonesia's multireligious and multicultural landscape has suffered in the past few decades from the politics of identity. The Christian migrants have also been affected by this. Whilst they need support in formulating afresh their Christian identity, they also require a broader intercultural mindset. Through observations, focus group discussions and literature reviews, the paper tries to formulate the role Christian migrants can explore in their cross-cultural contexts. The basic position it takes is that the Catholic migrants (a case in this paper) are also agents of mission and that migration is to some extent a process of building bridges among diverse peoples in society. The paper argues that there is a need for the migrants to be equipped with intercultural competencies and interreligious spirituality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past 20 years, divorce has increased in Indonesia. Indonesian statistics show that divorces initiated by women exceed those by men. One issue that is often neglected is how socioeconomic differences also play a role in this matter. Drawing on our collaborative research on Muslim divorces in Indonesia, this paper focuses on the interplay between divorce strategies and socioeconomic differences among Muslim couples. Our in-depth interviews with 93 Muslim men and women and 19 judges from Islamic courts show that class differences shape distinctive dynamics of divorce among Muslim Indonesians. Couples from less educated, lower-income backgrounds accept marriage dissolution more easily, with women becoming much less tolerant of men's behaviors such as infliction of domestic violence, infidelity, and failure to provide financial support. Educated, middle-class urban couples divorce for similar reasons but tend to experience a lengthier process accompanied by complex layers of conflict. Many educated women's narratives emphasize their ability to support themselves through working, and a desire to be free of a bad marriage at any cost. Class and education thus contribute to significant differences in the experience and trajectories of divorce in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

STRiDE was an ambitious four-year project in seven countries aiming to build capacity around generating and using research to support the development of policies to improve quality of life of people with dementia and their carers. The project's innovative approach combined rigorous academic research and hands-on civil society advocacy. This paper explores the project's unique strategy for policy change and compiles case-studies from several of the STRiDE countries. Finally, we share lessons learned and next steps to keep momentum for policy change going in each of these countries – and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This paper describes the methodological considerations of developing an urban Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), in the Sleman District of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Methods: 1) The Sleman District was selected because it is mostly an urban area. 2) The minimum sample size was calculated to measure infant mortality as the key variable and resulted in a sample of 4942 households. A two-stage cluster sampling procedure with probability proportionate to size was applied; first, 216 Censuses Blocks (CBs) were selected, and second, 25 households in each CB were selected. 3) A baseline survey was started in 2015, and collected data on demographic and economic characteristics and verbal autopsy (VA); the 2nd cycle collected updated demographic data, VA, type of morbidity (communicable and non-communicable diseases, disability and injury) and health access. 4) The data were collected at a home visit through a Computer-Assisted Personal Interview (CAPI) on a tablet device, and the data were transferred to the server through the Internet. 5) The quality control consisted of spot-checks of 5% of interviews to control for adherence to the protocol, re-checks to ensure the validity of the interview, and computer-based data cleaning. 6) A utilization system was designed for policy-makers (government) and researchers. Results: In total, 5147 households participated in the baseline assessment in 2015, and 4996 households participated in the second cycle in 2016 (97.0% response rate). Conclusions: Development of an urban HDSS is possible and is beneficial in providing data complementary to the existing demographic and health information system at local, national and global levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inability of macroeconomists to anticipate the Global Financial Crisis or reproduce it in their models has led to an important stock-taking of deficiencies in, and necessary modifications to, theories and models used pervasively by researchers and taught to graduate students. This stock-taking—the so-called "Rebuilding Macroeconomic Theory Project," organized by David Vines and Samuel Wills—has provided an opportunity for economy-wide modelers (who include regional scientists) to consider whether the theories and models they employ are adequate and appropriate to the tasks to which they put them. In this paper I provide a brief report on the project, retrace the development of macroeconomics, and summarize responses by prominent macroeconomists to a set of questions posed by organizers of the project, while drawing implications of these questions and responses for regional science. I then offer original suggestions from a regional scientist's perspective on what is missing from the "benchmark" macro-model, how financial frictions can be introduced, how behavioral foundations might be modified, how heterogeneity of agents might be captured, and what new stylized facts need to be explained. I proceed to illustrate how several of the suggested changes can be integrated in economy-wide models by drawing on a study of the impacts of monetary policy on consumption by different income groups in Indonesia. I close the paper by posing a number of "big-picture questions" on the implications of the RMTP for economy-wide modelers and regional scientists to ponder and by offering a brief reflection and aspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyses, firstly, the achievement of local governments' reform based on their Performance Accountability System (SAKIP) as part of the national administrative reform program in Indonesia. Secondly, this paper examines factors that have been affecting reform output. The study uses a mixed method perspective by analyzing the whole population of local governments from SAKIP data (2016–2019; quantitative) and applies the qualitative method of in-depth interviews with key informants. The study finds that, although there were improvements in the performance accountability system, the improvement processes have been slow and dominated by formalism at provincial and regency/city levels. Several determining factors affected the implementation of the local government performance accountability system, that is, the regulations' arrangements, the norms, the cognitive culture, and management problems. Thus, this study confirms the theory of institutional change that considers cultural factors, political commitment, and organizational aspects that influence the dynamic of bureaucratic reform implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inclusion of young people in conducting research leads to the creation of shared knowledge, honest communication, and increases the legitimacy of the research, allowing it to be an effective base for policy creation. This paper looks at the role of horizontal co-production with young people, as we reflect together on the process of collaboration in peace-building research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The acceleration of ecological footprint and trade openness are two major hot subjects that have received much attention in recent years. Thus, the current study evaluates the interrelationship between ecological footprint and trade openness in Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey (MINT) nations. The study utilized time series and panel analysis between 1961 and 2018. The research provides thorough information regarding this relationship for various time and frequency sub-periods by employing the partial wavelet, wavelet coherence, and multiple wavelet coherence techniques. The results from the wavelet coherence show that in the short and medium term, there is significant co-movement between ecological footprint and trade openness for Mexico and Indonesia, with trade openness driving ecological footprint positively at high and medium frequencies. Moreover, at all frequencies, trade openness drives ecological footprint positively for Nigeria and Turkey. The study validates that trade openness leads to the ecological footprint hypothesis in each nation. Furthermore, the multiple and partial wavelet coherence undoubtedly strengthens the occurrences spotted through the wavelet coherence in each nation. Based on these findings, policy recommendations are put forward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews systematically literature on school leadership in the context of Indonesian education from 2004 to 2019. Its purpose is to investigate major issues which exist in the school leadership practices in Indonesia and propose some sustainable solutions so that educational policymakers, stakeholders and scholars can improve their awareness and knowledge of school leadership. Eight core international EDLM (educational leadership and management) journals were used as the source of the literature. Additionally, a high-quality journal with the indexation of Scopus and Social Sciences Citation Index, Asia Pacific Journal of Education (APJE), was included. The literature search yielded 16 articles that were reviewed. This study reports several crucial issues that need to have serious attention paid to them, including a lack of capacity to lead and manage schools, insufficiency of published studies, and the inappropriateness of principal selection processes. The suggested solutions for these problems consist of developing principal training centres in all the provinces of Indonesia, conducting more collaboration with overseas scholars, and improving principal selection procedures. Contributions for theory, practices and further study are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research shows there is variability in factors that cause a person to radicalize to violent extremism. The use of the push/pull distinction has been one way in which scholars have aimed to provide clarity to the process of radicalization and extremist disengagement. However, it remains a conceptually underdeveloped distinction. In this paper, we draw on aspects of criminological theory to better understand the push and pull distinction. The paper draws on research comprising interviews with three Indonesians and two Australian individuals who have radicalized to violent extremism that is aligned with jihadist ideologies. Based on this primary data, case descriptions and narratives are provided on each individual examining pathways into and away from violent extremism. We draw on aspects of strain theory, social control, differential association, and desistance theory to understand common patterns across each case and to highlight the relative influence of various push and pull factors. Implications for theory and policy are highlighted. We also acknowledge limitations in our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven decades after the establishment of diplomatic relations between Indonesia and China, the COVID-19 pandemic presents new prospects and challenges for bilateral cooperation. We seek to analyse various traits in China–Indonesia relations since 2020 by examining how Indonesia attempts balancing between such cooperation and maintaining peaceful ethnic relations domestically. By tracking the domestic discourse surrounding COVID-19 and China through Indonesia's domestic news media, the paper analyses the development of the pandemic in Indonesia, its procurement of vaccines, and, most significantly, domestic sentiments concerning Indonesia's ethnic Chinese Tionghoa citizens, as well as Indonesia's bilateral relations with China in general. The article argues that while the COVID-19 pandemic has created new avenues of cooperation between Indonesia and China, it has also adversely affected the domestic relations between ethnic Chinese citizens and the rest of the population. However, this has not translated into a widespread backlash toward China that might hinder bilateral cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Under the designation "platform urbanism," there is growing scholarly recognition that platform intermediaries are reconfiguring urban industries, processes, and relationships through the collection and manipulation of big data. Central to realizing this economic project is financial speculation on platforms' ability to coordinate network effects—a phenomenon in which the more users there are in a networked system, the more valuable and useful it becomes. In this paper, I argue that while the existing literature recognizes the importance of network effects, it has also adopted a limited conceptualization that understands platform firms as the primary agents generating and capturing the economic benefits of network effects. Drawing on 12 months of ethnographic fieldwork in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia, I work to expand this understanding through attention to the social lives of network effects—the ways in which platform architectures are always embedded in social relations created and sustained in everyday urban life. I show how ride-hailing drivers have attempted to mitigate the risks of their work through building socio-technical networks of their own, for their own purposes. Doing so reveals that it is not only platform firms and venture capital that speculate on network effects; rather, a range of actors in the city-region seek to tap into driver networks to advance their own social, political, and economic ends. In conclusion, I suggest that attending to these practices opens up space to reframe platform urbanism beyond its current preoccupation with macro political economic analyses, while also establishing new lines of inquiry for "speculative urbanism." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to answer how and what kind of the social integration mechanisms may influence the relationship between the two dimensions of absorptive capacity which is, potential absorptive capacity (PACAP) and realized absorptive capacity (RACAP). The social integration mechanism has been neglected from the discussion on how firm assimilate and transform external knowledge to advance their absorptive capacity. In doing so, we answer recent call for research about a more thorough systematic literature review of the absorptive capacity and social integration mechanisms and its definitions. We surveyed literatures published during the years 2010 to 2020 and only found 8 articles discussing moderating variable between PACAP and RACAP out of 277 articles on absorptive capacity. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate what social integration mechanisms influence the relationship between PACAP and RACAP and how they help overcome barriers to knowledge sharing. The results showed social integration mechanism can be in terms of high commitment works system, knowledge ambiguity, organizational size, relational learning, and cultural balance. Therefore, more research underlines the importance of social integration mechanism should be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common-place quantification of humanitarian disasters enables rapid and informed crisis responses. In disaster settings, understanding feelings and perceptions regarding individuals' experiences, livelihood disruptions and coping mechanisms can also be valuable for extending and deepening quantitative insight. This paper explores the potential for diary methods to capture extensive, nuanced data from marginalised groups during a disaster, by drawing upon a study with 100 young diarists (aged 15-29) who produced 1418 diary entries over 4 months. In particular, we share how diary-methods can be designed inclusively, through addressing themes of equitable research partnerships, supporting more vulnerable participants, ensuring data quality, data management, participatory analysis, and budgeting for collaborative research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper examines the development of China's economic ties with Southeast Asia over the last two decades, culminating in the inauguration of the ASEAN-China Free Trade Agreement (ACFTA) in 2010. Particular reference is made to China's trade ties with Indonesia. Although two-way trade between China and Indonesia has grown rapidly since 2000, Indonesian exports to China are dominated by primary products, while imports from China are dominated by manufactures. While this pattern might reflect short-term comparative advantage in both economies, it is causing some concern in Indonesia. The paper assesses these concerns, and possible political reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic is utterly reshaping the travelling industry. Accordingly, the tourism supply chain is presented with a tremendous challenge for adjusting towards new trends in travel, which stem from changes in tourist behaviours. This paper examines the contemporary millennial behavioural preferences within a tourism value chain perspective, a theme that is largely overlooked in literature. In carrying out the agenda, we employed a multi-attribute decision-making approach in PROMETHEE II, one which is new to the study of tourists' behaviour. A sample of 316 Indonesian millennials who conducted domestic travel post–COVID-19 outbreak participated in the survey. Research results highlighted imagery user generated content (UGC), direct information from close relatives, accommodation services, self-catered experience and nature-based attractions to mostly resonate with the millennial traveller. In light of the results, we presented managerial implications that shed light for adjustments in the tourism value chain. This study contributes to extend the knowledge of millennials travelling behaviour from an alternative standpoint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Bedhaya is the avant-garde of Yogyakarta and Surakarta (Java, Indonesia) court dance. This classical dance replete with Javanese symbols, spirituality and cultural values embedded in its aesthetic elements. Furthermore, the Bedhaya was created not for entertainment but rather as a meditative medium that would allow individuals to gain wisdom and higher consciousness. These noble characteristics of the dance suggest that the Bedhaya has psychological purposes for the performers and the spectators. We may gain insight into the process of attaining mental growth through studying the embodied wisdom and aesthetic ideal of the Bedhaya, which reflects the development of the human's psyche. Therefore, the author proposes an interpretation of Bedhaya's underlying symbolism, aesthetic experience, and potential as means of psychological growth. The paper's primary argument is delivered by studying a set of theoretical ideas that present Bedhaya as a distinguished aesthetic with psychological capacities. Further, art as an embodiment of cultural wisdom and ethics is also discussed by connecting Bedhaya and other artistic forms drawn from varied cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some decades on after the MacBride Many Voices, One World report (1980) and the Maitland Missing Link report (1985), global telecommunications have only gained in importance, yet are still fissured by global inequalities. This situation is evident in one of the major developments underway in recent years: 5G mobile technologies. 5G is highly significant for present and future communication—and well advanced in its deployment and adoption. However, the dominant ways in which 5G has been imagined, planned, and deployed have been significantly shaped by interests and geopolitical forces that exclude many countries, and many of the putative beneficiaries of the emergent technology. To shed light on this impasse, in this paper, we offer a comparative analysis of policy and technology realities in two distinct countries that have been relatively overlooked in 5G: Peru and Indonesia. What we find is that national policies are premised on a shared interest and shared benefits, however, at this crucial point in deployment the outcomes are remote for the majority of citizens, especially in ways that matter for daily lives. In both these countries, 5G provides benefits for the small groups who can access and afford it, with others groups in position to be able to come online in the near future—as it provides opportunities for investments, fees, and penalties. However, for large segments of the populations, 5G, the prospects of connectivity, and the emerging digital economy are a long way off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the recollections of civilians about the May 1998 riots in Indonesia, as told in an anonymous online survey. These riots caused the deaths of an estimated 1000 people and saw targeted attacks on Indonesia's ethnic Chinese community, including state-led mass sexual violence against Chinese-Indonesian women and girls. Despite their scale, there has never been any official redress for these riots and they remain a taboo topic in Indonesia, rarely discussed publicly. Little is known about how Indonesians remember these events, with research into the personal or collective memories about the riots challenging, given the public silencing by the government. Here, we present findings from an anonymous survey completed by 235 Indonesians in which they revealed sometimes deeply personal memories about the riots. Examined thematically, these memories both confirm general understandings of the riots and reveal novel information about how communities coped during the violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2014, New Zealand enacted the Fisheries (Foreign Charter Vessels and Other Matters) Amendment Act in response to ongoing labour abuses on board South Korean vessels in New Zealand's foreign charter vessel sector. Importantly, the legislation expresses the universality of the International Labour Organization's Decent Work Agenda: all member countries must pursue policies based on the strategic objectives of equality, dignity, safe working conditions and that workers are protected from exploitation. The Act was in response to the identification of widespread labour abuses in this sector. In June 2011, the extent of the abuses came to light when 32 Indonesian crewmen of the Oyang 75 walked off their vessel. In this paper, we explore how a range of stakeholders worked organically to bring about change. We do this qualitatively by combining semi-structured interview (with over 160 Indonesian migrant crewmen between 2011 and 2017), observation and document analysis. We analyse our data through the lens of participatory action research which provides a framework to document the processes of who was involved, the cycles of change, what was achieved in each cycle, and importantly the platform for change. Specifically, we look at how stakeholders – the crew themselves, their advocates, academics, non-governmental organisations, journalists, activists, among others – all played a part in achieving legislated protections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of commitments made under the UNFCCC Paris Agreement and Glasgow Climate Pact, trillions of dollars are needed to fund climate mitigation and adaptation in developing countries. However, few studies have investigated the effectiveness of climate finance or how it impacts barriers to renewable energy development in recipient countries. This article contributes to the literature by investigating climate finance effectiveness through comparative case study analysis of its impacts on geothermal development in Indonesia and the Philippines. The article finds that three mechanisms of climate finance—utility modifier, social learning and capacity building—work interdependently in impacting the financial, regulatory, and technical barriers to geothermal development in Indonesia and the Philippines but are individually insufficient to scale the industry; political will and energy shocks play a significant intervening role. This paper raises policy implications for climate finance effectiveness and renewable energy technology deployment in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the 2008 expert hearings during a legal reform of the registration of life-course events, including marriages and divorces, in the Indonesian province of Aceh. The reform aimed to promote the civil registration of marriages and divorces, but was in tension with the spatial entanglement of traditional law (adat) and the reinvigorated rule of Islamic law (Sharia) alongside the legacies of decades of civil war (1976–2005) and the devastation of the Indian Ocean tsunami in 2004. While the registration of marriages makes related rights and responsibilities enforceable, the hearings brought to light that unregistered marriages can result in de facto polygamous marriages, often locally accepted according to village oral customs, without access to state benefits and eligibility for post-divorce rights. Unregistered marriages are often more prone to domestic violence because of lack of redress and support. This paper argues that the contestation of legal inscription of bodies in the realm of marriages and divorces points to possibilities for an alternative co-production of law and space, which in the long run might increase women's independence from patriarchal structures. The paper contributes to a feminist legal geography by fleshing out the local–national scalar nature of plural legal orders that shape politics about the female body in postcolonial Muslim contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is home to the world's largest Muslim population. In contrast to much of the Middle East, veiling in Indonesia is neither a deeply rooted cultural practice, nor it is universally practised among Muslim women. Just 30 years ago it was rare to see an Indonesian woman wearing a hijab or veil. Today, veiling has become a relatively common practice, particularly among middle-class Muslim women living in urban areas. Although statistics on the prevalence of veiling are scant, the fact of growing use of headscarves is widely accepted in the literature. This paper examines sociodemographic correlates of veiling among young women in the capital region of Indonesia. We analyse a representative sample of 1443 Muslim women aged 20-34 in Greater Jakarta in 2010. About 26% of the women surveyed wore the veil. We found a moderately strong association between veiling and other measures of religiosity, including self-reported subjective religiosity and frequency of reading religious texts. Our multivariate analysis suggests a positive association between educational attainment and the likelihood of veiling among young Muslim women. In discussing these findings, we draw upon the qualitative component of our study and the literature on Islam, gender, and modernity in Indonesia. The paper highlights the difficulty encountered examining the practice of veiling as a binary choice, and as a measure of religiosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-corruption knowledge and discourse emerged in the mid-1990s promoted by powerful international actors and organizations, mostly targeting countries in the 'Third World'. In this paper, we seek to decolonize this knowledge and show how it influences the construction of national identity of former colonies. Our case is a country with a reputation as one of the most corrupt in the world: Indonesia. Long celebrated in the West for its economic growth and political stability, in 1997 the Asian Financial Crisis forced Indonesia to accept financial aid from the International Monetary Fund accompanied by harsh conditions that resulted in domestic turmoil. Using discourse-historical method, we trace how national identity was constructed in The Jakarta Post from 1997 through two decades of Western-influenced corruption-related reform. Our findings show how acceptance of Western anti-corruption discourse and knowledge early on contributed to highly negative internal constructions of Indonesian national identity, but over time, this gave way both to more positive self-presentations as well as greater critique and contestation of this knowledge. Moreover, alternative rationales for anti-corruption were asserted that drew from shared understandings of Islam and Indonesia's independence. Overall, we show how this type of internationally dominant management and organizational knowledge (MOK) colonized how Indonesia was imagined but that contestation was possible, enabled by improvements in economic circumstances. We conclude by arguing that to understand the colonizing effects of MOK, it is necessary to look at the impact of management knowledge beyond the boundaries of organizations, including at the level of national identities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how the city of Bandar Lampung began to incorporate climate change adaptation goals into its budget and some of its plans. A series of Shared Learning Dialogues supported by the Asian Cities Climate Change Resilience Network (ACCCRN) involved staff from city government, NGOs and universities. This led to the formation of a multi-stakeholder City Team that was charged by the mayor with assessing climate risks and vulnerability, prioritizing problems and programmes, supporting small-scale adaptation projects and functioning as climate change adaptation advocates within the city. The paper describes some of these projects and how a range of factors underpinned better solid waste management and flood risk reduction, including fiscal reform that brought a large increase in the city’s budget, strong leadership and better planning. Challenges and barriers are also discussed, including what is needed to ensure that local government continues to incorporate climate change adaptation into its work and investments. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: Anemia is a public health problem among adolescents in Indonesia. Strategies to prevent or treat anemia should be tailored to local conditions, taking into account its specific etiology and prevalence in a given setting and population group.Objective: This review aims to (1) identify and synthesize the current knowledge on the etiology of anemia among adolescents in Indonesia, (2) reveal knowledge gaps in this area, and (3) suggest directions for future research and programmatic work.Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Medline, and WorldCat databases for peer-reviewed journal articles to identify which etiological factors were related to anemia among Indonesian adolescents. Research papers were reviewed and included in the review according to inclusion criteria.Results: Of 13 studies, 8 showed that anemia was associated with iron deficiency; 4 are suggestive of vitamin A deficiency; and 2 of folic acid deficiency. Five studies underscore different etiological determinants for anemia, such as malaria, protein and energy malnutrition, vitamin B2 deficiency, calcium, and vitamin C deficiency. Based on these findings, we developed a framework on knowledge gaps on the etiology of anemia among adolescents in Indonesia, divided in 3 levels of knowledge: (1) significant knowledge gaps, (2) knowledge gaps, and (3) established knowledge.Conclusions: The knowledge gaps around the etiology of anemia among Indonesian adolescents are significant. Our framework emphasizes the need for further research across all etiological factors, namely inadequate nutritional intake and absorption, genetic hemoglobin disorders, infection and inflammation, and menstrual disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines some of the major ideational aspects of Timor-Leste's foreign policy orientation in the post-independence period. Drawing upon the constructivist accounts of state behaviour, the paper situates Timorese leaders' foreign policy decisions in the broader context of their search to position the fledging nation in the global political order. It argues that Timor-Leste's insecure state identity has shaped its leaders' foreign policy preferences in the post-independence period. This identity can be examined by separating it into two parts: the construction of spatial boundaries and the creation of a temporal "other". The former is evidenced by the leadership's rhetorical emphasis on the country's Portuguese heritage and their prioritisation of ASEAN membership, both of which are closely related to the consolidation of the young nation's political and cultural identity. The creation of a temporal other, as illustrated by the rise of political discourse emphasising sovereignty, reflects a wider transitional process that is embedded in the country's transformation from colony to independent state under international supervision as well as the state's transformation from "fragile" or "failing" to "stable". A detailed analysis of the basic aspects of Timor- Leste's insecurities as a constitutive element of its foreign policy becomes instrumental to understanding the country's nation-state-building experience since its separation from Indonesia in 1999, as it enters a new phase of socio- political structuring following the withdrawal of the international security presence in 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adherence to self-care is the goal of nursing care for elderly people with hypertension to give them optimal functional health status. The purpose of this paper is to determine the effectiveness of self-management on adherence to self-care and management of health status elderly people living with hypertension in Pekanbaru City. Design and methods: This study design was quasi-experimental with a pre-post test with a control group. The self-management intervention was provided through four home visits to elderly people living with hypertension with a caregiver. Samples were taken by the consecutive sampling technique, and a total number 134 elderly people were participants. The instruments used were the adherence to self-care questionnaire and the Short Form 12 Health Survey (SF12) for elderly people. Results: The results showed that most of the respondents with hypertension were 60-74 years of age (84.3%), were female (67.9%), of Minang ethnicity (48.5%), had completed primary school (44%), were unemployed (81.3) %), had a family history of hypertension (50%), were non-smokers (52.2%), and had never drunk alcohol (95.5%). The effects of self-management were positive on adherence to caring for themselves (p<0.001) and on health status (p<0.001). The most influencing factor on self-care compliance and health status after being controlled by confounding variables was self-management (p<0.001). Conclusions: This study recommends that nursing interventions on self-management for elderly people with hypertension in the community and should be integrated into the Community Health Nurses' (Perkesmas) program in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper traces the continuities between empires and successor nation-states and examines how imperial prerogatives continue to operate in the global system. The author also looks at the failure of postcolonial states to deliver on their promises after achieving national sovereignty. In all this, the focus is on conceptualizing the category of ‘the people’, which is supposedly the source of legitimate power in the contemporary world. In particular the paper zooms in on the historical continuity that characterized traditional empires and is just as present in the context of contemporary world powers – the right to invoke imperial prerogatives to declare colonial exceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main problems associated with aid is the proliferation of donors and projects, and one of the main solutions is thought to lie in greater coordination between donors. This paper examines whether progress has been made in recent years, comparing two countries (Kenya and Indonesia) and two sectors.The research process itself, in particular the difficulty of obtaining seemingly straightforward information, provides insights into the fragmented aid business. Nevertheless the combination of quantitative and qualitative methods provides a clear overall picture: proliferation worsened between 2000 and 2005—06 while progress in coordination was uneven. Other findings concern the interdependence of donor coordination and intra-government coordination and the similarity of the overall experience of the two countries despite their different levels of economic development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

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There is a vast literature on the effects of electoral institutions on party systems. Research on the relationship between electoral systems and the strength of partisan identities, however, is inconclusive, as existing work mostly focuses on individual-level factors. In this paper, we analyze the case of Indonesia to illustrate the links between electoral laws and patterns of mass partisanship. By exploiting variation over time (four electoral cycles), we show that deep-seated partisan affiliations weakened substantially with the introduction of open-list PR, a system that provides strong incentives to cultivate a personal vote. By analyzing variation across space (189 districts), we further document that partisan alignment has been more pronounced where personal voting is more prevalent. These findings suggest that electoral institutions are a powerful driver of partisan identities, and that the effect of institutional change at the national level may be contingent on local politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proper design of price interventions in energy markets requires consideration of equity and efficiency effects, In this paper, budget survey data from 29,000 Indonesian households are used to estimate a demand system for five energy sources, which is identified by the spatial variation in unit values (expenditures divided by quantities), We correct for the various quality and measurement error biases that result when unit values are used as proxies for market prices. The price elasticities are combined with tax and subsidy rates to calculate the marginal social cost of price changes for each item. The results suggest that even with high levels of inequality aversion there is a case for reducing the large subsidies on kerosene in Indonesia, supporting the reforms that have been announced recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2005, Kitson and McCully introduced the 'risk-taking' continuum, representing the multiple ways in which teachers in post-conflict societies deal with the history of conflict in the classroom. 'Avoiders', at one extreme, refrain from teaching the violent past, while at the other extreme 'risk-takers' analyse multiple perspectives on what happened and why. Since their seminal study, scholars have increasingly studied the challenges and opportunities related to teaching the violent past. Yet, so far no study has empirically tested and applied the continuum. Drawing on a survey of 558 secondary school teachers in post-conflict Ambon, Indonesia, we analyse the proportion and characteristics of 'risk-takers' as compared to 'avoiders'. Our results show that 'risk-takers' represent a slim majority. While 'risk-taking' is associated with political interest and higher levels of education, teachers who suffered much harm during the conflict, whose students belong to a religious group other than theirs and/or those who think conflict causes have been addressed are less supportive of conflict history teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study was aimed to explore the trajectory of thoughts and feelings related to religiosity and spirituality using a holistic approach following attendance at group—Quran Recitation (QR) sessions among annual flood victims. Design: This is a qualitative study with an in-depth retrospective interview conducted data in 2019. Methods: The purposive sampling was applied to conduct face-to-face individual video-recorded semistructured interviews. Seventeen participants followed six QR chanting sessions in Bandung, Indonesia. Data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using inductive analysis. Findings: After extracting evidence expressions of participants, the research team generated the central theme of "Holism of Religiosity and Spirituality," using three influential sub-themes, including obedience to God's will, growing a positive mindset through spirituality and life started to be delighting from nine categories. Conclusion: The relationship of body-mind concepts of holism through QR among flood sufferers was explored. The effect of QR chanting is beneficial to change awareness about the wisdom of spirituality. The holistic approach of religiosity and spirituality in nursing care is recommended to promote all service settings, especially community and disaster nursing in the Indonesian context. Future research is needed to develop QR chanting activities among multiethnic and socio-cultural groups as alternative therapy quantitatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work looks at the contribution of profit-rate analysis to explain the industrialization process in economics. Using Indonesia for empirical study, we observe a link between the profit rate and international industrialization strategy. Elements of profit rate are discussed, including profit share, labor coefficient, and capital productivity. Elements of the industrialization process are also examined; specifically, gross import substitution, domestic supply growth, and ratio of import substitution. New period categorizations are made, demonstrating changes in the long run. We argue that profit-rate fluctuation has served to explain the success or failure of the industrialization process. This paper identifies two dimensions to this process. First, it argues that industrialization is achieved if the domestic market is established as indicated by a higher profit rate in the period when import substitution is high. Second, the establishment of a home market can occur by adopting the import substitution strategy, including output, investment, and labor. The adoption of import substitution can tackle the sectoral analysis of industrialization because it assumes the formation of a production pattern in domestic economy. JEL Classification: E220, E230, E240, E310, O110, O140 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) has become progressively widespread in various sectors including agriculture. This study investigated the barriers to the diffusion of ICT in agricultural extension. Further, the study examined the effect of barriers toward ICT acceptance in agricultural extension. A paper and pencil survey by mail was conducted to collect data from 355 respondents in the Greater Surakarta Region, Indonesia. The study discovered that individual barriers, cultural barriers, government policy barriers, support and technological barriers significantly influenced the acceptance of ICT. In line with the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), these variables influenced perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and perceived intention to use of ICT. The findings suggested the methods that could be adopted by governments and non-government bodies to overcome the barriers in ICT implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The number of migrant workers in Indonesia has been increasing over the years. Most of the migrant workers are females with children, creating a huge number of left-behind children (LBC). The issue of LBC has become important to discuss because LBC tends to experience more emotional and behavioral problems than non-LBC. The aim of this study was to assess and compare emotional and behavioral problems between LBC and non-LBC in Indonesia. This paper analyzes data from a project by the Community Mental Health Research Group from the Faculty of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, held in 2015 − 2016. Materials and Methods: Participants were 629 adolescents: 359 LBC and 270 non-LBC. The data were acquired in a cross-sectional study conducted in rural Indonesia. Data on emotional and behavioral problems were assessed with Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire, while data related to risk factor variables were collected using multidimensional scale of perceived social support, the 6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale, and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of emotional and behavioral problems in LBC was 28.4% compared to 21% among non-LBC. Peer attachment, communication, social support, and loneliness were identified as factors that impact the emotional and behavioral problems among LBC. Conclusions: LBC has more emotional and behavioral problems than non-LBC. Comprehensive understanding of various protective and risk factors is needed to provide impactful interventions for LBC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The devastation caused by the December 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami opened access for many different organizations to enter Aceh to conduct disaster relief operations. This paper examines the role of one such actor, the Islamic organization Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI). Through its humanitarian work, including the provision of relief aid, medical care, and trauma healing, HTI pursued its political-religious vision of 'caliphatization', the restoration of a global Caliphate and the implementation of Islamic law. Because Islam was already a dominant feature of the Acehnese context with the vast majority of Acehnese declaring a Muslim identity, the case of HTI's disaster relief work was one of intra-religious proselytization to proximate others. Even so, HTI's project was intended to be transformative. However, while the disaster clearly provided an opening for HTI to expand its work in Aceh, and while HTI experienced significant growth in the region as a consequence, its wider project of 'caliphatization' failed to resonate with political elites and has had little impact on political processes. This paper analyses HTI's disaster relief work and assesses the reasons for both its rapid growth and limited political impact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the Indonesian political economy suggest a transformation of government-business relationship from a "patrimonial administrative" state, in which bureaucrats are dominant, to a "patrimonial oligarchic" state dominated by business actors. We examine this proposition by analysing government-business relationship in two towns: a town in Sulawesi, dominated by trade, and a town with a strong industrial base in Java. In the first, politics still approximates that of a patrimonial administrative state with a weak business sector and a dominant bureaucracy. In the second, a local business dynasty has come to power, but without promoting regularisation of state-business relationship. Despite the differences, patronage politics are similarly dominant in both locations, which we illustrate by zeroing in on the construction sector and the distribution of infrastructure projects. We conclude by discussing the implications of our findings for the nature of urban politics in Indonesia, underscoring the significance of patronage across a range of settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study applies a relationship perspective to study tourism crisis management and resilience. Despite the growing academic interest in crisis management, few studies have examined how tourism businesses utilise their networks as a crisis management strategy. This research uses a multi-case study design and longitudinal data collection to study the effects of a natural disaster on tourism businesses in Lombok, Indonesia. Results indicate that the characteristics and capabilities of individual tourism business actors and their networking behaviour affected the speed of their recovery. Networks can be used as a strategic tool and business recovery is improved by strengthening network resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Determine the impact of education-based treatment on sustaining quality of life during COVID-19 adaptation. Designs: A randomized, 2-group, structured, holistic education-based intervention within eight weeks in preserving total quality of life (QoL) for hypertension patients with conventional care. Methods: Utilizing randomized controlled trials, 380 patients with hypertension are separated into two groups and evaluated. The patients are separated into two groups totaling 190 individuals each group. The intervention group is treated with a holistic education-based intervention. After two months, the EQ-5D-5L is used to evaluate the quality of life. Findings: The QoL pretest for the intervention group revealed that 25 (13.2%) patients had good QoL (Score = 1), while the QoL posttest revealed that the number of patients with good QoL had grown to 48 (25.3%). Using Kolmogorov–Smirnov for data analysis yielded non-normally distributed data. The p -value for the Wilcoxon signed ranks test is.001. Conclusions: The intervention group is better equipped to deal with COVID-19 and has a higher quality of life. Education-based hypertension treatment can sustain a high quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Breast cancer affects patients' quality of life, which is influenced by the body's functional abilities and the patients' spiritual well-being. Currently, there is no research on the spiritual determinants that affect quality of life in the Indonesian context. Purpose : This research analyzes the determinants of spiritual well-being in terms of breast cancer patients' quality of life using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 112 participants who were selected using purposive sampling. Women with breast cancer who had a Palliative Performance Scale version 2 score of 60 and who were able to read and write were included. The instruments used included the RAND SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire, which was modified to the Indonesian context and was used to survey breast cancer patients (Cronbach coefficient of >0.90), in addition to the FACIT-Sp (Cronbach coefficient of 0.768). The multivariate data were analyzed using logistic regression. Results: The determinants of spiritual well-being for the participants' quality of life included meaning (odds ratio of 0.436) and peace (odds ratio of 0.303). Conclusion: The meaning and peace domains of spiritual well-being significantly affect breast cancer patients' quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The essay considers heterogeneous Black temporalities in West Papua, Indonesia's largest urban region. Here, "Papuan time" is an extension beyond the dilemmas of being human or not. This is the possibility of being a human that has not experienced irremediable loss or a future foreclosed. But rather an entity that endures an after-life beyond what anyone might know it; a life situated in the middle of freedom and abjection. Such a life takes place in a city, Jayapura, that appears perpetually unsettled, something always "new." But in the repetition of such newness, it is a city that does not seem to go anywhere specific, that does not promise any sense of redemption. A city that never arrives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prolonged Grief (PG-13) Children Form was adapted, then went through basic validation to be applicable on Indonesian adolescents. The form was adapted based on the guidelines by Beaton et al. (2000). Pre-testing was done on 40 adolescents by online interviewing. PG-13 Indonesian Version and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS) were then reconstructed into an online questionnaire for basic validation purposes. It was completed by 131 adolescents. Results prove a high internal consistency reliability and acceptable construct validity of the PG-13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific study on what actually drives disaster policy reform in the developing world is extremely limited. As pioneering research for Indonesia, this paper questions what are the forms of disaster risk governance in Indonesia through time and what are the main reasons for such changes over time. Disaster reduction policy reform in Indonesia today takes place amid global disaster risk governance initiatives under the auspicious Hyogo Framework for Action. The author observes that changes in disaster reduction policy in Indonesia over the last 80 years have been less attributed to domestic responses to the large scale natural catastrophes than to co-production of and interaction of local and disaster reduction actors and institutions. The paper highlights how new forms of risk governance have emerged from government as a dominant actor during the 20th century to more polycentric governance in first decade of the 21st century in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]