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Although the lay appeal of the Net Promoter Score (NPS) is undeniable, scholars have noted concerns over its use based on conceptual and empirical grounds. We address these concerns through an examination of three research questions: (1) To what extent do NPS responses correspond to actual word-of-mouth behaviors? (2) Do NPS responses exhibit measurement invariance across key demographic groupings? (3) How well does NPS perform (as opposed to customer satisfaction scores) as a predictor of financial performance? Study results show that NPS scores correspond to reported word-of-mouth exposure for most, but not all, product categories; NPS responses are invariant across demographic groupings; and that when examined separately, both customer satisfaction and NPS are significant predictors of differences in financial performance, but customer satisfaction explains slightly more variance. We discuss the managerial and theoretical implications arising from these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since the development of the Death Literacy Index (DLI) in 2019 in Australia, subsequent internationally validated versions have prompted rewording and refinement of the original survey questions. Use of the DLI in the community has also resulted in requests for a short format. Objectives: To examine and report on the psychometric properties of a revised version of the DLI-R and develop a short format DLI-9. Design: A cross-sectional national survey was conducted for the validation of the revised DLI. Methods: The DLI items were revised by the research team using the international literature. DLI data were collected from a representative online non-probability panel of 1202 Australian adults, based on age, gender, and geographical location. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to ensure the revised version (DLI-R) was consistent with the original. To develop a short format version of the DLI (DLI-9), items were first removed based on face validity, followed by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and CFA. The internal reliability of the DLI-R and the DLI-9 was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. The intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated to examine the inter-rater reliability between the DLI-R and DLI-9. Results: Twenty-four questions in the DLI were reworded for clarity. A CFA on the 29 items of this modified version of the DLI indicated a good model fit (Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI): 0.93; Comparative Fit Index (CFI): 0.93; root mean square of approximation (RMSEA): 0.06; standardized root mean residual (SRMR): 0.06), with six latent variables and an underlying latent variable "death literacy." For the DLI-9, an EFA identified a nine-item, two-factor structure model (DLI-9). A subsequent CFA in a separate sample demonstrated a good model fit for the DLI-9 (TLI: 0.92; CFI: 0.94; RMSEA: 0.089; SRMR: 0.07). Excellent inter-rater reliability (0.98) was observed between DLI-9 and DLI-R. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for DLI-R scales and subscales and the DLI-9 all exceeded 0.8, indicating high internal consistency. Conclusion: The DLI-R and the DLI-9 were found to have acceptable psychometric properties. The development of a shorter version of the DLI provides a valid measure of overall death literacy. Plain language summary: Progressing the Death Literacy Index: the development of a revised version (DLI-R) and a short format (DLI-9) The Death Literacy Index (DLI) is used to measure the knowledge and skills people about death and dying. Multiple countries have made their own versions, which helped improve the original questions. Community members also asked for a shorter version of the DLI. The research team updated the DLI questions using information from other studies around the world. Data was collected from 1202 Australian adults. A method called Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was used to check if the new version (DLI-R) was similar to the original. To make a shorter version, some questions were removed first, then Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and CFA were used. Reliability of both versions was tested using a test called Cronbach's alpha, and the short version was compared to the DLI-R to see if results were similar. Twenty-four questions were reworded to make them clearer. The revised 29-question version (DLI-R) worked well and showed a good fit with six main ideas under the main topic of "death literacy." Nine questions were chosen for the shorter version (DLI-9) and were found to be closely related to the longer version. Both versions showed high reliability, meaning the questions consistently measured what they were supposed to. Both the DLI-R and the DLI-9 worked well and were found to be reliable survey tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic cough, a cough lasting >8 weeks, includes refractory chronic cough (RCC) and unexplained chronic cough (UCC). Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are needed to better understand chronic cough impacts that matter most to patients. The 19-item Leicester Cough Questionnaire (LCQ), an existing PRO measure of chronic cough, assesses impacts of cough across physical, psychological, and social domains. However, the content validity of the LCQ evaluating these concepts in patients with RCC/UCC had not been established. Objectives: To evaluate the content validity of the LCQ in patients with RCC/UCC. Design: A cross-sectional, qualitative interview study. Methods: First, previously completed qualitative interview results in adults with RCC/UCC (N = 30) were evaluated and mapped to LCQ concepts. Next, a clinical cough expert reviewed each LCQ item and assessed the salience of its concepts for patients with RCC/UCC. Finally, semistructured interviews—including both concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing—were conducted in adults with RCC/UCC (N = 20) to elicit a comprehensive set of participant experiences and to assess the appropriateness of using the LCQ in this population. Results: Concepts reported in the past and present qualitative interviews were included across all LCQ items, and most impacts reported to be the "most bothersome" were assessed in the LCQ. In the current study, all participants indicated that reduced cough frequency would be an important treatment target. During cognitive debriefing, each LCQ item was endorsed by ⩾70% of participants. Additionally, participants were generally able to understand, recall, and select a response for each LCQ item. All participants and the clinical expert indicated that the LCQ was appropriate and assessed the impacts most relevant to patients with RCC/UCC. Conclusion: Our findings support the content validity of the LCQ and demonstrate that this measure is fit-for-purpose and includes important cough impacts in adults with RCC/UCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: An increasing population and a shortage of identified potential organ donors are causing the waiting list for organ transplants to grow continuously. Donation after circulatory death (DCD) is a method aimed at meeting the demand for transplantable organs. However, it presents new challenges in nursing care, and there is a lack of studies investigating nurses' attitudes and knowledge of DCD. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine and describe intensive care nurses' (ICNs') knowledge, attitudes, and views on DCD before a national implementation in Sweden. Method: This study utilized a cross-sectional mixed-method design. A convenience sampling method was employed, targeting ICNs working in four intensive care units in Sweden. A study-specific tool comprising fixed and free-text questions was developed. Fifty-one ICNs participated. Data were analyzed descriptively, and correlation analysis was performed using Spearman's correlation. Free-text answers were qualitatively assessed and analyzed. An integrated analysis was conducted to synthesize the quantitative and qualitative findings. Results: Fifty-three percent reported limited knowledge about DCD. Nurses with previous education on DCD had significantly higher knowledge (r =.380, p =.006), were more engaged with the public debate on organ donation (r =.423, p =.002), and considered the ethical aspects of DCD more thoroughly (r =.386, p =.022). The qualitative analysis identified four key categories: The importance of the team, the need for ethical discussions, increased knowledge of DCD, and unanswered questions and unmet needs. The integrated analysis underscored the need for targeted education, clear guidelines, and ongoing ethical discussions to prepare ICU nurses for DCD. Conclusion: Nurses educated in organ donor care had better knowledge and a more positive attitude toward DCD implementation. The study also highlights the importance of interprofessional teamwork in DCD implementation. The findings suggest that education on DCD could improve the identification and implementation of DCD donors, addressing the global shortage of transplantable organs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrostomy feeding is a route of enteral nutrition for children with feeding difficulties. This study investigated caregiver experiences of the transition to gastrostomy feeding. A survey was administered to caregivers of children <18 years in a major pediatric center in Ireland. Experiences of decision-making, support, and adjusting to tube feeding were examined. Seventy-six caregivers participated. Median satisfaction with the information provided by the hospital was high. Almost half (48%) spoke to another caregiver of a child with a gastrostomy prior to their own child's gastrostomy insertion and most (88%) felt reassured by this. Concerns following insertion included managing the tube and their child's oral intake and feelings about the tube. The oral intake of 83% of children who had some intake prior to gastrostomy insertion did not change or increased following insertion. Most (89%) would make the same decision to insert the tube. Feelings associated with the transition included relief and stress. Gastrostomy tube insertion presents logistical and psychosocial challenges for caregivers. Peer support from other caregivers may alleviate some of these challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: A single-center validation study. Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the AO Spine PROST (Patient Reported Outcome Spine Trauma) into German, and to test its psychometric properties among German-speaking Swiss spine trauma patients. Methods: Patients were recruited from a level-1 Swiss trauma center. Next to the AO Spine PROST, the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire was used for concurrent validity. Questionnaires were filled out at two-time points for test-retest reliability. Patient characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. For content validity, floor, and ceiling effects, as well as any irrelevant and missing questions were analyzed. Construct validity of the AO Spine PROST questionnaire to the EQ-5D-3L was tested using Spearman correlation tests. Results: The AOSpine PROST was translated and adapted into German using established guidelines. We included 179 patients. The floor effect for all items was well within the optimal range (below 15%), while the ceiling effect of seven items was within the optimal range. None of the items displayed a problematic floor or ceiling effect. The overall test-retest reliability of the total PROST score was excellent, with an ICC of.83 (95% CI.69-.91). The Spearman correlation coefficient between the total PROST summary score and EQ-5D-3 L was ρ =.63. Conclusions: The German version of the AO Spine PROST questionnaire demonstrated very good validity and reliability results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on self-compassion across various disciplines has consistently demonstrated numerous self-regulatory benefits associated with the construct. Despite the increasing interest, theory-driven research on self-compassion in the workplace has only begun to emerge recently. In the present research, we introduce the construct of work self-compassion (WSC). Building on Neff's definition of self-compassion, we submit that WSC is comprised of work self-kindness, common work challenges, and work-specific mindfulness. Across two studies, we develop a scale to measure WSC and test its place within the larger nomological network of organizational constructs. Specifically, by integrating COR theory with prior research on self-compassion, in Study 1, we test the incremental validity of WSC beyond general self-compassion in predicting job performance. In Study 2, we further demonstrate that WSC is an important mediating mechanism that bridges the association between honesty-humility, namely the H-factor, and job performance and burnout, respectively. We discuss theoretical and practical implications of our findings and conclude with limitations and future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) questionnaire is a widely accepted instrument for measuring the severity of symptoms and pain in patients having sustained patellar tendinopathy. Purpose: To adapt the VISA-P questionnaire cross-culturally to a traditional Chinese version (VISA-P-Ch) and validate its psychometric properties. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The VISA-P questionnaire was adapted to a traditional Chinese version following international recommended guidelines, including translation, synthesis, back translation, revision by expert committee, pretesting, and validation. The psychometric properties were tested in 15 healthy controls and 15 participants with patellar tendinopathy. Face validity was judged by the authors and participants. Known-groups validity was tested by comparing the VISA-P-Ch scores between symptomatic and asymptomatic participants using an independent t test. Concurrent validity was determined by comparing the Blazina classification of the participants against VISA-P-Ch scores using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Test-retest reliability was assessed by calculating the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) following a 24- to 48-hour interval. Internal consistency was determined by the Cronbach alpha. Results: The expert committee and participants reported good face validity of the VISA-P-Ch. Significantly higher scores were found in the control group than in the patellar tendinopathy group (98.47 ± 3.04 vs 65 ± 11.9; P <.001). Concurrent validity showed a high correlation between VISA-P-Ch and the Blazina classification system (r = -0.899; P <.01). The test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC = 0.964). Internal consistency was found to be good for both the first and second assessments (Cronbach α = 0.834 and 0.851). Conclusion: The VISA-P-Ch was proven to be a reliable and valid questionnaire with similar psychometric properties as the original VISA-P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of this study was to develop a patient-reported experience measure (PREM) for comparing the experience of care received by ambulatory patients with acute unexpected needs presenting in emergency departments (EDs), walk-in clinics, and primary care practices. Methods: The Ambulatory Patient EXperience (APEX) questionnaire was developed using a 5-phase mixed-methods approach. The questionnaire was pretested by asking potential users to rate its clarity, usefulness, redundancy, content and face validities, and discrimination on a 9-point scale (1 = strongly disagree to 9 = strongly agree). The pre-final version was then tested in a pilot study. Results: The final questionnaire is composed of 61 questions divided into 7 sections. In the pretest (n = 25), median responses were 8 and above for all dimensions assessed. In the pilot study, 63 participants were enrolled. Adjusted results show that access, cleanliness, and feeling treated with respect and dignity by nurses and physicians were significantly better in the clinics than in the ED. Conclusion: We developed a questionnaire to assess and compare experience of ambulatory care in different clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 21st century, complex problem-solving (CPS) serves as a key indicator of educational achievement. However, the elements of successful CPS have not yet been fully explored. This study investigates the role of strategic exploration and different problem-solving and test-taking behaviors in CPS success, using logfile data to visualize and quantify students' problemsolving behavior on 10 CPS problems with different characteristics and levels of difficulty. Additionally, in the present study, we go beyond the limits of most studies that focus on students' problem-solving behavior pattern analyses in European cultures and education systems to examine Arabic students' CPS behavior. The results show that computer-based assessments of CPS are feasible and valid in Jordanian higher education. The findings also confirm the structural validity of CPS, indicating that the processes of knowledge acquisition (KAC) and knowledge application (KAP) can be distinguished and separated in the problem-solving process. Large differences were identified in students' test-taking behavior in terms of the efficacy of their exploration strategy. We identified four latent classes based on the students' exploration strategy behavior. The study thus leads to a better understanding of how students solve problems and behave during the problem-solving process in uncertain situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An aim of the research is to improve validity of the Moshkov test in relation to the body dimensions of young patients. This short report presents a new research that adds to previous studies about validity of the Moshkov test regarding a spine asymmetry in young patients. Because children body's dimensions are smaller than adults' ones, results indices of the Moshkov test are less as well. These results have been corrected proportionally to a half sum of rhombus sides' lengths. Mechanical and mathematical modeling using Wolfram Mathematica computer package has been done during Moshkov rhombus modification. The modified rhombus model made it possible to improve validity of the test regarding smaller dimension of young patients' bodies. The results are presented in a graph nomogram that is comprehensive for practical specialists which are not familiar with using of mathematical methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the incremental validity of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-3 (MMPI-3) and the NEO Personality Inventory-3 (NEO PI-3) scores in predicting California Commission on Peace Officer Standards and Training dimension (i.e., the POST-10) ratings in public safety (n = 754) pre-employment psychological evaluations (PPEs). Although research has supported the use of the MMPI and NEO PI instruments separately, no study has evaluated the use of these abnormal- and normal-range tests in conjunction, consistent with the POST Manual requirement of use of clinical and normal-range personality measures. The MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 were completed during PPE. Problem ratings in the POST-10 dimensions were rated using information from the assessing psychologist's report. MMPI-3 and NEO PI-3 scores incremented one another in nearly every hierarchical ordinal logit regression model conducted to predict the ratings for five dimensions. Clinical implications and limitations, including potential criterion contamination especially for NEO PI-3 scores, are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As no scales are currently available to assess the social-emotional reciprocity (SER) between children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and their parents, we aimed to develop a questionnaire for this. Methods: Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used for content validation. All stages of this study used purposive sampling to choose various groups of experts, mental health professionals, and parents of children with ASD to participate in the development, judgment-quantifying, and pretest stages. Data from 30 parents of children with ASD were gathered for the field test. Results: Thirty items were retained after content validation. The proportion of consensus regarding the comprehensiveness of the entire questionnaire was 1.00. The scale-level content validity index (CVI) by averaging calculation method and universal agreement calculation method were 0.95 and 0.50, respectively. Following the pretest, a total of 23 questions, on a five-point scale, were retained. Conclusion: Given the significance of SER between children with ASD and their parents, mental health practitioners should use this questionnaire to understand it to maximize the efficacy of any intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) uses the Custody Rating Scale (CRS) for initial security classification; it is gender-neutral. Gender-informed scholars contend that gender-neutral assessments are problematic for use with justice-impacted women, as they exclude factors (e.g., victimization) deemed more relevant for women. Using an archival database with 1,555 federally sentenced women in Canada, we examined the extent that gender-informed indicators could yield incremental predictive validity (predicting institutional misconduct) beyond the CRS. Specifically, gender-informed variables from these domains were tested: mental health, substance misuse, relationship dysfunction, personal/emotional difficulties, parental/family issues, and victimization. Results revealed at least one gender-informed variable from each domain significantly predicted institutional misconducts. Composite gender-informed scales were created from the set of significant gender-informed predictors. Area under the curve (AUC) and hierarchical Cox regression analyses revealed the composite gender-informed scales contributed incremental predictive validity above and beyond the CRS. Although the CRS was predictive, it can be improved by including gender-informed variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data collected through the National Expert Survey (NES) of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) are widely used to benchmark and assess the quality and impact of national entrepreneurial ecosystems. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the publicly available NES data, we show that the construct validity of the survey is not sufficient and that the experts differ so greatly in their evaluations of the entrepreneurial framework conditions (EFCs) in a country that meaningful cross-country and within-country (longitudinal) analyses are precluded. We conclude that the currently available NES data are not suited for motivating policy decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protective factors are now commonly included in comprehensive risk assessment. This study concerns an initial validation of the new SAPROF-Extended Version (SAPROF-EV) pilot, containing modifications and additions to the original SAPROF. For 139 forensic psychiatric inpatients, assessment results with the SAPROF-EV pilot and HCR-20V3 were compared with aggressive incidents. Results show good predictive validity for the SAPROF-EV pilot for all outcomes and incremental predictive validity for both the (modified) original SAPROF and the full SAPROF-EV pilot over the HCR-20V3. For the outcome aggression toward others, the additional SAPROF-EV factors provide incremental predictive validity over the (modified) original SAPROF. In addition, the user feedback from clinicians highlights experienced additional value of the new factors for treatment guidance. Based on the findings from this study, the SAPROF-EV pilot will be adjusted further into an improved and enhanced version of the SAPROF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Talking about personal olfactory experiences is challenging because subjective, often latent reactions to odor are difficult to perceive and express. In qualitative empirical research on the effects of Aromatherapy (AT), this issue needs to be considered in data collection. Therefore, we developed a new data-collection method to support participants in perceiving and articulating their own olfactory experiences. The method development was embedded in the background study arth4WOMEN about AT for women with gynecological cancers. Method: The data-collection method was developed in five steps inspired by A rts-informed R esearch (AIR) and Creative Writing (CW). A workshop on scent and writing was conceptualized for an existing CW course (n = 8) (step 1). The findings were condensed (step 2) into the new data-collection method called the Olfactory Journey (OLFJ), then pilot tested, discussed with qualitative research experts and adapted (step 3). The final version of the OLFJ was carried out with 15 participants of the background study arth4WOMEN as one part of a qualitative interview concept (step 4), then analyzed via qualitative content analysis (step 5). Results: The analysis of the workshop showed that pictures can be a useful tool to focus on olfactory experiences and find words to express them. Thus, in the OLFJ inner visuals were stimulated by an olfactory trigger and brought into focus through a guided instruction. The inner visuals were used as a tool to talk about the olfactory experiences. The resulting descriptions were characterized by many pictorial associations and marked by contrasts and comparisons. Discussion: The OLFJ as a data-collection method has potential to support participants in their verbal expressions of their olfactory experiences. The inclusion of creative art forms in the development process of the OLFJ was helpful and should be encouraged in future research. Further research is needed to test OLFJ validity and reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to examine the factorial structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, criterion validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the Brief Strengths Scale-12 (BSS-12) in Korean population. The Korean sample comprised 288 college students (68.1% were female), ranging in age 19 to 30 years (mean age = 21.65 years, SD = 1.98). Results showed that a three-factor model with exploratory structural equation modeling provided a better model fit than the other competing models. Indices of internal consistency reliability, criterion validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the BSS-12 were acceptable. These results suggest that the BSS-12 can be used as an effective tool for measuring character strengths in Korean population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing attention has been paid to understanding expert design behavior to help novice students enhance their knowledge and abilities for their professional development. However, an integrative framework must still be created to identify expert-based design behavior. Using an international web-based survey, this study identifies major expert design behaviors, and reports on the development of a unique behavioral multiple scale that measures central behaviors in the design process for assessing design expertise. Considering theoretically grounded behaviors of experts in the design literature, a 29-item scale is formulated for capturing key expert design behaviors based on exploratory factor analysis. Evidence for construct validity and reliability is presented, suggesting seven primary expert diversified behaviors in the design process. Nevertheless, using a structural equation modeling, it is concluded that the behavioral multiple scale represents only six significant behaviors of design expertise. Moreover, a path analysis of this comprehensive framework shows that some behaviors are central, directly related to design expertise (i.e., strategic approach to design complexity and framing of design problems), and act as mediators for other behaviors (i.e., reflection on design problems and solutions, systematically breaking the design into sub-problems, application of conceptual thinking, and reuse of previous solutions). Findings can be implemented by intervention programs in the design studio aiming to support professional development in design education by training students to enhance their expertise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study design: Prospective observational study Objective: The population of patients with advanced stages of cancer, including metastatic spinal disease, is growing because of better treatment options allowing for longer control of disease. The main goal of treatment for these patients is to improve or maintain their health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A spine oncology-specific outcome measure has been developed by the Spine Oncology Study Group and validated through international studies. We proposed to translate and validate the questionnaire in Italian language. Methods: The cross-cultural adaptation of the questionnaire has been performed according to guidelines previously proposed. After this process, an observational prospective study has been conducted to validate the efficacy of SOSGOQ in Italian language. SOSGOQ has been compared to SF-36 (Short Form Health Survey-36), a generic validated questionnaire to assess HRQOL. Starting from January 2020, SOSGOQ and SF-36 questionnaires were auto-administered to 150 patients affected by spinal metastases who provided written informed consent for study participation. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis on the 4 domains examined showed a good model fit (comparative fit index,.95; RMSEA.07 (90% CI,.05-.09) and SRMR,.05), endorsing construct validity. The analysis of concurrent validity demonstrated strong correlation for physical function, pain and mental health domains with the corresponding domain scores of SF-36. The reliability across item was high with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of.91. Conclusions: The statistical analysis of the results will allow to accept the Italian version of SOSGOQ as a specific and efficient tool to measure HRQOL in Italian-speaking patients affected by spinal metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As global material wealth rises and young people are heavily exposed to advertising across a range of channels, including rapidly developing social media where material goods are flaunted as symbols of a happy and successful lifestyle, materialism levels across the world seem likely to rise. Given consistent research showing the correlation between materialism and low well-being, this gives cause for concern. However, no studies have so far tested whether current measures of youth materialism are generalizable across different countries and cultures. Our article fills this gap by exploring through a range of internal and external validity tests whether the popular Youth Materialism Scale (YMS) can be used with confidence across China, France, Belgium, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States. We show that a 5-item version of YMS is invariant across the countries (internal validity) and that it broadly correlates in expected ways with six different theoretically related constructs: Self-Esteem, Life Satisfaction, Attitude to Advertising, Parental Support, TV Use, and Internet Use (external validity). We believe that researchers and policy makers can confidently use this 5-item version of the scale in international contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Describe the development and validation of the Subjective Habitability & Acceptability Questionnaire (SHAQ). Background: Habitat area size, layout, and design may impact individual and team behavioral health and performance (BHP) outcomes in operational environments. However, there are no standardized measures of these relationships. Method: SHAQ is a modular survey consisting of two 6-item scales: BHP Outcomes (Performance of Individual Activities, Performance of Group Activities, Mood, Psychological Stress, Sleep, and Social Interactions) and Habitability Moderators (Privacy, Social Density, Efficiency, Control, Comfort, and Convenience). We collected SHAQ data from NASA's Human Exploration Research Analog (HERA) crews (n = 19) in reference to multiple habitat areas (Sleep/Bedroom, Hygiene/Bathroom, Work/Office/Workshop, and Food Preparation/Kitchen/Galley) in the HERA operational environment, private hotel rooms, and individual home habitats. Results: SHAQ has high construct validity (single factor solutions, mean item factor loading = 0.760, mean % variance = 60.37), internal consistency and reliability (item mean α = 0.880, mean ω=0.894, mean ICC = 0.430), concurrent validity (mean item r with System Usability Scale = 0.42), and discriminant validity (e.g., significantly higher facilitation of group activities in HERA Work/Office/Workshop and Food Preparation/Kitchen/Galley areas vs. Hygiene/Bathroom and Sleep/Bedroom areas; significantly higher ratings of privacy, comfort, and convenience in hotel vs. HERA). Conclusion: SHAQ is a reliable, valid, and sensitive measure of BHP impacts of habitat size and layout. Application: SHAQ can be used to inform evidence-based recommendations and thresholds for habitat area size, layout, and design options to support individual and team BHP in operational environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Schemas help with the organization and interpretation of information. Adaptive schemas indicate positive predisposing thinking patterns in an individual. This study aimed to develop a psychometrically robust tool to assess adaptive schema in a nonclinical sample. Method: This research comprises two independent studies. Study I was multiphased. In Phase I (n = 70), 36 open-ended items were generated following the Young schema therapy model and qualitatively analyzed. This facilitated the generation of 144 items in Phase II (n = 152) which were evaluated for content validity and subjected to rigorous item analysis. Exploratory factor analysis was performed in Phase III (n = 751). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted in Study II (n = 244). Results: Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a six-factor solution comprising 25 items. These factors correspond to the six adaptive themes, namely, adequate, secured, self-reliant/autonomous, resistant, successful, and self-assured. The newly developed Adaptive Schema Questionnaire demonstrated adequate reliability (α = 0.86). Significant correlations between the obtained factors and Early Maladaptive Schemas, depression, big five personality factors, and positive and negative effects established the concurrent validity. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated acceptable goodness of fit for the obtained model. Conclusion: The developed Adaptive Schema Questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument with promising utility in psychotherapy and research context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research emphasizes the paradoxical nature of coopetition and the need for specialized capabilities—coopetition capability—to deal effectively with opportunities and challenges stemming from the simultaneous pursuit of cooperation and competition and to create superior value. However, we know little about the underlying conceptual properties of coopetition capability (construct clarity) and lack a reliable and valid scale to measure it (construct validity). We conduct a study in three phases to address this critical gap. First, building on paradox literature, we conceptualize coopetition capability as a multidimensional construct reflected by three underlying dimensions: coopetition mindset, analytical acumen, and executional skills. Second, we develop a 15-item psychometrically valid scale using a sample of 647 coopetitive alliances in high-technology sectors. Finally, using a matched sample of 536 coopetitive alliances, we extend the focal construct's nomological network by examining two relationships: coopetition experience's impact on coopetition capability and the effect of coopetition capability on the relationship between the coopetition paradox and value creation. Overall, our paper lays a foundation for deeper theory development and empirical research on coopetition by providing much-needed construct clarity and psychometrically valid measures for coopetition capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to develop and validate an instrument measuring the perception and interpretation of several distinct musical features (pitch, tonality, timing, loudness, and timbre). Therefore, we developed the Implicit Tonal Ability Test (ITAT), a listening test containing 49 multiple-choice items. A total of 233 children aged 6 to 12 participated in this study. Rasch model-based analysis of dimensionality and differential item functioning was chosen as the principal analysis strategy. Results revealed that the ITAT discriminated between high and low performers. Responses to distinct musical features behaved as one Rasch dimension in the test and reliability measures were sufficient for persons and items. The ITATwas variable across age and gender, with a positive relation between age and ITAT-score. The ITAT can be reliably used in elementary education to measure children's musical ability for perception and interpretation of distinct musical features in just one test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine how the quality characteristics of a restaurant SNS (social network service), which is rapidly growing, affect user satisfaction and how user satisfaction affects intention to visit and word of mouth. A total of 305 people responded to the survey conducted from May 9, 2021 to August 17, 2021. The validity and reliability of variables were verified. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis and discriminant validity analysis were performed through structural equation modeling, and hypotheses were verified through path analysis. The analysis results were as follows. Among the quality characteristics of dining out SNS, reliability, playfulness, convenience, and customization were analyzed to have a statistically significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. However, interactivity does not have a significant effect. Moreover, customer satisfaction has a positive impact on the intention to visit and word-of-mouth intention, and intention to visit also has a positive effect on word-of-mouth intention. Restaurant companies should supplement their SNS marketing strategies, considering the critical factors when consumers use SNS for dining out. This study analyzed the factors that consumers value among the quality characteristics of SNS for dining out and provided meaningful implications. Although most of the previous studies investigated only the effect of the quality characteristics of dining out SNS on satisfaction and revisit intention, this study has originality because it also investigated the word of mouth of customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a retrospective study design, predictive validity of the Structured Assessment of Violence Risk in Youth, Short-Term Assessment of Risk and Treatability: Adolescent Version (START: AV), and the Violence Risk Scale–Youth Version (VRS-YV) was examined among 87 adolescents referred to a residential treatment program. With few exceptions, moderate to high accuracy was achieved for the three measures in predicting violence and suicidal/nonsuicidal self-injury occurring during the adolescents' time in treatment. Accuracy of the measures peaked within 90 days for violence and gradually increased over the 180-day follow-up for suicidal/nonsuicidal self-injury. Dynamic factors were more predictive of repeated events involving violence relative to static/historical factors, whereas only factors from the START: AV were predictive of repeated events involving suicidal/nonsuicidal self-injury. These results emphasize the need for further examining the risk of adverse outcomes beyond violence among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Structured Assessment of Protective Factors for Violence Risk-Youth Version (SAPROF-YV; de Vries Robbé et al., 2015) was designed specifically to assess strengths as a complement to risk assessment tools. We retrospectively examined its reliability and validity in 305 Canadian community-sentenced youth, both in the overall sample and in male and female, and Black and White, subgroups. In all groups, the total score had strong internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and convergent validity, and significantly predicted general recidivism at 3-year fixed follow-up. The SAPROF-YV showed incremental validity over the YLS/CMI only in Black youth. In the total sample, a moderation effect was identified whereby strengths were protective at lower levels of risk but not for moderate or high risk youth. The SAPROF-YV shows promising reliability and validity; however, more research is needed before clear guidance can be provided regarding the use of this measure in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Design: Modified Delphi study. Objective: Adult spinal deformity (ASD) is an increasingly recognized condition, comprising a spectrum of pathologies considerably impacting patients' health and functional status. Patients present with a combination of pain, disability, comorbidities and radiological deformity. The study aims to propose a systematic approach of gathering information on the factors that drive decision-making by developing a patient profile. Methods: The present study comprises of 3 parts. Part 1: Development of prototype of patient profile: The data from the Core Outcome Study on SCOlisis (COSSCO) by Scoliosis Research Society (SRS) was categorized into a conceptual framework. Part 2: Modified Delphi study: Items reaching >70% agreement were included in a 4 round iterative process with 51 panellists across the globe. Part 3: Pilot testing—feasibility: Content validity and usability were evaluated quantitatively. Results: The profile consisted of 4 domains. 1. General health with demographics and comorbidities, 2.Spine-specific health with spine related health and neurological status, 3. Imaging with radiographic and MRI parameters and 4. Deformity type . Each domain consisted of 1 or 2 components with various factors and their measuring instruments. Profile was found to have an excellent content validity (I-CVIr 0.78-1.00; Ave-CVI 0.92) appropriateness, relevance and usefulness. Conclusions: The present study, is first to provide a universally applicable multimodal ASD patient profile to methodically describe patients. Physicians are encouraged to assess ASD patients holistically using this profile and not just based on radiographic findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, an optimized dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) was applied to improve the sound absorption performance and simultaneously attenuate vibrations and structure-borne noise at multiple frequencies. As the size parameters and eigenfrequencies of a DVA demonstrate a nonlinear relationship, tuning the eigenfrequencies by heuristically modifying the geometric parameters of the DVA is difficult. To avoid this intricate process, geometric parameters were optimized using a gradient method solver to tune the eigenvalues of the DVA to the target frequencies. Post-processing was performed for the sake of manufacturing. To confirm the validity of the performance of the sound absorption and vibration/noise attenuation, impedance tube experiments and impact experiments were conducted using the manufactured DVA. The impedance tube experiment verified that the values of the sound absorption coefficient increased with the application of the DVA. From the impact experiments, it was verified that the values of the frequency response function and sound pressure level decreased with the application of the DVA. The present study validates the notion that optimized DVAs improve the sound absorption performance of structures and simultaneously reduce vibrations and sound pressures at multiple desired frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, only one published study has tested the predictive validity of the Texas Christian University–Criminal Thinking Scales (TCU-CTS), and no studies have tested whether these scales are predictive of prison misconduct. Using a sample of more than 2,000 people incarcerated in Minnesota's prison system, this study examined the predictive validity of the TCU-CTS with multiple measures of prison misconduct. The results showed the overall TCU-CTS score significantly predicted misconduct, although the strength of this association was relatively modest (AUC = 0.62). Among the six scales on the TCU-CTS, Cold-Heartedness significantly predicted both measures of misconduct, whereas Power Orientation and Criminal Rationalization were each significantly associated with one misconduct measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Banff Patellofemoral Instability Instrument (BPII) 2.0 is a disease-specific quality of life questionnaire for patients with patellofemoral instability. While good psychometric properties have been demonstrated, the data lack cross-cultural validity, construct validity, and an established measurement error. Purpose: To (1) translate and cross-culturally adapt the BPII 2.0 to the Norwegian version (BPII 2.0–No) and (2) examine the psychometric properties of the Norwegian version. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The BPII 2.0 was translated according to international guidelines. A cohort of 100 patients surgically treated for recurrent patellofemoral instability completed the BPII 2.0–No, related outcome measures (Norwich Patellar Instability Score, International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form 2000, Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia), and functional tests (Y-Balance Test–Lower Quarter, single-leg hop tests, and knee extension strength) before and/or 6 months after surgery. We evaluated the face and content validity, internal consistency (Cronbach α), test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]), measurement error (SEM and smallest detectable change at the individual [SDCind] and group levels [SDCgroup]). Construct validity was assessed by testing 9 hypotheses on the correlation between the BPII 2.0–No and the outcome measures/functional tests (Pearson r). Results: The BPII 2.0–No had good face and content validity. Internal consistency was excellent (α =.95), and no floor or ceiling effects were found. Test-retest reliability was high (ICC2,1 = 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.93), and measurement error was low (SEM = 7.1). The SDCind was 19.7 points and the SDCgroup was 2.8 points. Eight of the 9 hypotheses regarding construct validity were confirmed. Conclusion: The BPII 2.0–No was found to be valid and reliable. This study adds further knowledge on the measurement properties of the BPII 2.0 that can be used internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital Learning Resources (DLRs) have the function of facilitating learning; however, the evaluation regarding their functionality is limited since there are few tools for this purpose. Of these, the instrument that stands out is ''Perception of the use of Digital Learning Resources in Statistics'' (IPDLR-S), which allows for evaluating the perception of undergraduate university students about the functionality of the LDRs. With the objective of providing a tool with scientific quality, the IPDLR-S instrument underwent to an analysis of construct validity and reliability. The instrument was applied to 1,148 university students, the construct validity analysis was performed using an exploratory (EFA) and confirmatory (CFA) factor analysis, and the reliability was determined by ordinal Cronbach's alpha. According to the EFA, it was found that all the items are represented in the factorial model; however, differences were found for the theoretical model since a fourth dimension emerges (Cooperative Learning). On the other hand, using the CFA, the resulting factorial model showed a good fit (GFI = 0.999, RMSEA = 0.064, CFI = 0.999, and TLI = 0.999). Overall reliability, as well as by factor showed an optimal value (ordinal Cronbach's alpha..98). The IPDLR-S instrument has adequate psychometric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Skills challenge has been given great attention for its impact on employees' performance. Various approaches have been put forward to design professional development programs that help in preparing nurses to work in the field and ongoing training programs to keep them up to each new method and technique at the interpersonal improvement level. Objective: To develop and validate a questionnaire that tests the communication and management skills, emotional intelligence, and confidentiality of nurses in Lebanon. Methods: The questionnaire, consisting of 25 statements, was generated and developed by experts in the field of nursing, soft skills, and questionnaire development. The items of the questionnaire were assessed using face, content, and construct validity and data validation was examined through psychometric properties at the final stage of the validation. Internal consistency and reliability were assessed through Cronbach alpha (α). Further analyses were carried out to decide on the number of factors to be extracted using Oblimin Rotation method. All statistical tests were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS 20.0). Results: Nineteen items of the 25-item scale had an I-CVI of 1.00 and the remaining six items had an I-CVI of 0.87. The S-CVI/UA was 0.76 and the S-CVI/Ave was 0.97, which meant that the items were good for the underlying construct. For the psychometric measures, the results were quite accepted and satisfactory. The Kaiser–Meyer–Oklin measure of sampling adequacy and the significance for the Bartlett's test for the whole questionnaire were quite acceptable with 0.680 and 0.000, respectively. Furthermore, the Cronbach alpha (α) value was 0.824 indicating a high internal consistency between the items of the questionnaire. While obtaining exploratory factor analysis for each section, results showed that Oblimin Rotation method should be applied to the last section in which three items were eliminated to maintain a simple factor structure. Conclusion: This study shows that the 25-item Soft Skills Questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating the level of communication of nurses, their emotional intelligence, confidentiality, and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonadherence is a widespread problem among patients receiving hemodialysis, while contributing factors are underexplored due to lack of a validated instrument. The study aimed to develop and validate a new disease-specific instrument determining the factors affecting treatment adherence behaviors among patients receiving hemodialysis in a Sri Lankan hospital. The content validation process using a modified Delphi technique suggested 42-item instrument with an average Item-level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) of 0.94. Subsequent principal component analysis (PCA) revealed 5 components with 17 items (patient-centered psychological and physical factors, factors associated with health care, hemodialysis therapy-related factors, socioeconomic factors, and factors associated with the continuity of the treatment), explaining 67.24% total variance. The reliability estimate based on Mislevy and Bock for each component greater than 0.8 and overall standardized Cronbach's alpha of 0.605, indicated acceptable internal consistency reliability. Root mean square residual (RMSR) and weighted root mean square residual (WRMR) indices of 0.084 and 0.059, respectively, indicated acceptable model fit. The final 17-item instrument provides a valid measure for the factors affecting treatment adherence behaviors of the patients receiving hemodialysis in a Sri Lankan hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In equating practice, the existence of outliers in the anchor items may deteriorate the equating accuracy and threaten the validity of test scores. Therefore, stability of the anchor item performance should be evaluated before conducting equating. This study used simulation to investigate the performance of the t -test method in detecting outliers and compared its performance with other outlier detection methods, including the logit difference method with 0.5 and 0.3 as the cutoff values and the robust z statistic with 2.7 as the cutoff value. The investigated factors included sample size, proportion of outliers, item difficulty drift direction, and group difference. Across all simulated conditions, the t -test method outperformed the other methods in terms of sensitivity of flagging true outliers, bias of the estimated translation constant, and the root mean square error of examinee ability estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of sexuality education is significant in encouraging and expanding the knowledge of sexual and reproductive health (SRH). Parents' attitudes and beliefs toward sexuality education contribute to the effectiveness of sexuality education in schools. Consequently, there is a need to provide a validated instrument to investigate parental attitude and beliefs toward school-based sexuality education. The objective of this study is to describe the development and test the psychometric properties of an instrument that measures the attitudes and beliefs of parents toward the implementation of sexuality education in primary schools within Malaysia. Items for the instrument in this study were developed through literature review via the deduction method. Data collection was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved 174 parents with children who were attending primary schools through convenience sampling. Then, the multistage sampling method was employed to collect data from 350 parents. Results from the exploratory factor analysis have identified four latent dimensions, which are attitude toward sexuality education, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy, that support the SRH learning among primary school children. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrates a good overall fit with the application of post hoc modifications. The results also indicate that the instrument has high internal consistency, as well as convergent and discriminant validity. Findings from this study have indicated that the instrument can be used as a valid and reliable measure to examine the attitudes and beliefs of parents toward sexuality education in primary schools within Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current meta-analysis provides a comprehensive and updated review on integrity-testing findings across industries and countries in the past 50 years (k = 150, N = 67,016). Integrity tests were coded into the types of overt tests, covert tests, biodata, organizational measures, value/moral reasoning/situational judgment tests, integrity-related cognitive ability tests, and novel measures. The criterion measures of workplace deviance included CWBs, unethical pro-organizational behaviors, and other workplace deviant behaviors. For the information source, both computer and manual searches were performed to locate relevant published and unpublished papers. A variety of sources were examined to avoid publication bias, and publication bias analyses were conducted to uphold the methodological rigor. Results indicated that all the integrity tests analyzed were significant in predicting workplace deviance, with an overall mean validity estimate corrected for indirect range restriction and measurement error as .43 (95% CI [.32; .52]; p < .001). Among the tests, the value-oriented tests and cognitive ability tests indicated relatively large validity estimates of .60 (95% CI [.41; .75]; p < .001) and .65 (95% CI [.53; .74]; p < .001), respectively. The relationship between integrity tests and workplace deviance was found to be significantly moderated by the type of integrity test, industry, country, and criterion source. The effect size of integrity tests was largest in predicting deviance in the military and law enforcement sector, and relatively large in the work samples of Canada, Germany, Israel, Romania, and the United States. However, the moderating effects of the nature of deviance, validation sample, validation strategy, publication status, medium of test, and gender, were nonsignificant. Compared with previous reviews, our study was unique in its cross-cultural direction, which included primary studies of integrity testing in countries with different languages (e.g., publications in Chinese) and associated cultural variations. New insights and comparisons with previous meta-analytic findings were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To further understand the validity and generalizability of grit, this research investigated the psychometric properties of the Grit Scale in both individualistic (i.e., the US) and collectivistic (i.e., the Chinese) populations. Moreover, this research broadened the contributions of grit to vocational outcomes and showed that grit might be essential to success in other life domains beyond the academic context. Specifically, this cross-cultural research reported two studies that examined the conceptualization of grit proposed by Duckworth et al. (2007) and the concurrent validity of grit to vocational outcomes. Study 1 explored the factor structure of grit in a US general sample (N=2140) and a US college student sample (N=1935). Study 2 examined the factor structure of grit in a Chinese employee sample (N=675) and explored its concurrent validity to occupational well-being and proactive work behavior. Results showed that the bifactor model of grit scale fit best in both the US and Chinese samples. The high omega reliabilities indicated that the general grit score and its two subscales (i.e., perseverance of effort and consistency of interests) could be considered reliable. However, the multiple- group CFA measurement invariance test showed that only partial metric invariance for the perseverance of effort factor was verified across the three samples. Perseverance of effort explained more variance in vocational outcomes than the consistency of interests did among Chinese employees. The findings verified the multidimensionality of the Grit Scale and indicated that the relationships between the two facets of grit and vocational outcomes should be separately investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise during pregnancy is safe and beneficial; however, most pregnant women do not meet evidence-based exercise recommendations. Further, data on pregnant women's physical activity are largely limited to women living in urban environments. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to examine beliefs and behaviors regarding exercise during pregnancy in pregnant and postpartum women living in rural communities. Methods. Surveys were distributed in healthcare settings and via social media to pregnant and postpartum (< 3 months) women living in rural communities. Results. Seventy-five women (28.1 ± 5.4 year) participated. Nearly all believed light (96%) and moderate (89%) intensity exercise are safe to perform during pregnancy, while fewer agreed vigorous intensity (52%) or resistance (40%) exercise is safe. Most (88%) believed women can continue their exercise regimen, and 73% believed that previously inactive women can begin training while pregnant. Only one-third of women met recommendations for cardiorespiratory exercise. The majority (66%) never engaged in vigorous exercise, and most (73%) did not participate in resistance exercise. Conclusion. Pregnant women in rural communities participate in light intensity exercise, but are largely not meeting guidelines for aerobic or resistance training. Knowledge related to safe exercises, particularly resistance training, during pregnancy is limited. Targeted education and programmatic planning are needed in this population regarding exercise guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing discriminant validity has been a keystone of measurement validity in empirical marketing research for many decades. Without statistically showing that constructs have discriminant validity, contributions to marketing literature are likely to foster the proliferation of constructs that are operationally the same as other constructs already present in the literature, thus leading to confusion in the development of theory. This article addresses this concern by evaluating well-established methods for testing discriminant validity through the simulation of artificial datasets (containing varying levels of correlation between constructs, sample size, measurement error, and distribution skewness). The artificial data are applied to six commonly used approaches for testing the existence of discriminant validity. Results strongly suggest that several methods are much more likely than others to yield accurate assessments of whether discriminant validity exists, especially under specific conditions. Recommendations for practice in the assessment of discriminant validity are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different response option orders on survey responses have been studied extensively. The typical research design involves examining the differences in response characteristics between conditions with the same item stems and response option orders that differ in valence—either incrementally arranged (e.g., strongly disagree to strongly agree) or decrementally arranged (e.g., strongly agree to strongly disagree). The present study added two additional experimental conditions—randomly incremental or decremental and completely randomized. All items were presented in an item-by-item format. We also extended previous studies by including an examination of response option order effects on: careless responding, correlations between focal predictors and criteria, and participant reactions, all the while controlling for false discovery rate and focusing on the size of effects. In a sample of 1,198 university students, we found little to no response option order effects on a recognized personality assessment vis-à-vis measurement equivalence, scale mean differences, item-level distributions, or participant reactions. However, the completely randomized response option order condition differed on several careless responding indices suggesting avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual care (VC) was not routinely offered for assessment of low back pain (LBP), a highly prevalent, disabling condition. COVID-19 related healthcare closures resulted in a rapid backlog of patients referred to a provincial interprofessional LBP program. Without management, these patients were at high risk of experiencing untoward outcomes. Virtual care became a logical option. However, many clinicians lacked experience and confidence with LBP virtual care (LBP-VC); and either were unfamiliar with, or did not have access to, requisite technology. Multi-stakeholder engagement was utilized to understand barriers, identify enablers, and ultimately promote VC for LBP. As a result of the multi-stakeholder engagement, the concept of a toolkit for LBP-VC, including clinical resources and guidelines, emerged. The toolkit contains preparatory steps for VC and a standardized approach to virtual LBP assessment. Key steps in the toolkit have potential applicability to other musculoskeletal populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is currently no agreed minimum dataset to inform specialist chronic pain service provision. We aimed to develop a Core Minimum Dataset (CMD) for pain services in Scotland and perform preliminary analysis to evaluate its psychometric properties in adults with chronic pain. Methods: The questionnaire was developed following a review of existing relevant data collection instruments and national consultation. The CMD questionnaire was completed alongside a routine pre-clinic questionnaire by patients attending two pain services over 3 months. Concurrent validity was tested by comparing scores between the CMD and pre-existing questionnaires. Reliability was assessed by test-retest and discriminative validity via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: The final CMD questionnaire consisted of five questions on four domains: pain severity (Chronic Pain Grade [CPG] Q1); pain interference (CPG Q5); emotional impact (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 [PHQ-2], two questions); and quality of life (Short Form Health Survey-36 [SF-36] Q1). 530 patients completed the questionnaire. Strong correlation was found with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (rs = 0.753, p < 0.001). Moderate correlations were found with the Brief Pain Inventory for pain interference (rs = 0.585, p < 0.001) and pain severity (rs = 0.644, p < 0.001). Moderate to good reliability was demonstrated (Intra-class Correlation Coefficient = 0.572–0.845). All items indicated good discrimination for relevant health states. Conclusions: The findings represent initial steps towards developing an accurate questionnaire that is feasible for assessing chronic pain in adults attending specialist pain clinics and measuring service improvements in Scotland. Further validation testing, in clinical settings, is now required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated the psychometric proprieties of the Romanian form of the Preschool Anxiety Scale—Parent version (PAS). The sample consisted of 514 Romanian children (266 boys and 249 girls) aged 3 to 6 years. The mothers of these children completed the PAS and the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire—Mother Form (PSDQ), and the children's teachers completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition, Teacher Rating Scale (BASC-2 TRS). Results reveal that the PAS has satisfactory psychometric proprieties on the Romanian sample: it shows a good reliability and a good fit of the data with the underlying correlated five-factor structural model. The construct validity of the Romanian form of the PAS was supported by a significant relationship between the PAS total anxiety score and various BASC-2 (anxiety, withdrawal behavior, atypical behavior, learning problems, adaptability, social skills, learning skills, and leadership), and PSDQ (authoritarian, permissive, and authoritative parenting style) scales. Age had a significant effect on the generalized anxiety, physical injury fears and separation anxiety scales, and girls scored significantly higher than boys on the total anxiety score and the physical injury fears scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patient safety and improved outcomes are core priorities in healthcare, and effective handoffs are essential to these priorities. Validating handoff tools using simulation is a novel approach. Methods: The construct validity and instrument reliability of the I-BIDS© tool were tested. In Phase I, construct validity was substantiated with a convenience sample of 21 healthcare providers through an electronic survey. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was tabulated using Lawshe's CVR. Interrater reliability was tested in a simulated handoff scenario, in Phase II, with graduate nursing students and two raters, and simulation effectiveness was assessed by students. Results: Construct validity was evaluated, and 17 of the 25 items were found significant at the critical level (0.42). Items scoring below were removed, and the tool was reduced by one category. Weighted kappa (Kw) with quadratic weights was run from the scenario data to determine if there was an agreement between raters of handoff performance. There was a statistically significant agreement between the two raters, Kw =.627 (95% CI:.549–.705), p <.001) with good strength of the agreement. SET-M Total mean was 55.64 (SD = 2.46). Discussion: The tool showed beginning validity and interrater reliability. The SET-M Learning subscale showed the widest range of scores which suggests the most opportunity for improvement. Use of the tool in simulated scenarios may be one way to test the items further. Conclusions: Simulation was effective in facilitating the evaluation of the tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Scrambled Sentences Task (SST) is a robust measure of interpretational processes in psychopathology. However, there is little evidence of its utility in measuring dysfunctional appraisals (DAs) of potentially traumatic events. We developed a novel SST for trauma-related DAs and examined its psychometric properties including convergent validity (correlations with PTSD-related symptoms and self-reported DAs), divergent validity (e.g., symptoms of depression and eating disorders), and retest reliability via an online study. Our sample (T1: N = 214, T2: N = 145) included participants who reported a potentially traumatic life event still eliciting distress. We found high correlations between the SST, PTSD-related symptoms (r =.37-.51), and self-report measures of DAs (r =.41-.58), indicating good convergent validity. Internal consistency (split-half =.78-.90) and retest reliability (ICC(3,1) =.73-.81) were also good. However, moderate to large correlations with symptoms of other disorders (r =.17-.58) indicated limited divergent validity. Finally, the SST explained unique variance in PTSD-related symptoms above self-report measures of DAs. The results demonstrate the promise of the SST as a valid and reliable tool to assess DAs in the context of potentially traumatic life events. Further research should investigate the transdiagnostic role of trauma-related DAs in psychopathology and the relationship between the SST and self-report measures of DAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nurses are subject to considerable stress, arising from the physical, psychological, and social aspects of their work. Widely used nursing occupational stress measures were developed decades ago and may not adequately capture contemporary sources of stress. The study purpose was to evaluate the content validity of items from existing measures and newly developed items to identify a nursing stress scale that can be used to measure occupational stress in current practice. A three-phase approach for development and evaluation of occupational stress items was conducted. Phase 1: item generation; Phase 2: (N = 11) content expert evaluation of content validity of occupational stress items; Phase 3: subsample (n = 4) of experts reviewing select items. The total item pool was reduced from 73 to 66 items. Expert reviews indicated acceptable content validity of the Revised Nursing Stress Scale. The Revised Nursing Stress Scale is an updated measure of occupational stress in contemporary nursing practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guidelines for screening public safety personnel candidates, including law enforcement positions, incorporate the use of separate psychological tests for assessing normal and abnormal functioning. We evaluated the incremental validity of the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ)—a measure of normal personality traits—beyond the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory–2 Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF), a measure of psychopathology, using a sample of 1,687 candidates for law enforcement positions. They were clinically rated on 10 psychological suitability dimensions. For a subset of those who were subsequently hired as police officers (n = 397), we also had post-hire outcome data. Using hierarchical nonlinear regression analyses, we found that the MPQ scales incremented the MMPI-2-RF scales in the prediction of 17 of 19 variables in this study. Our results indicate that the MPQ, as a measure of normal personality, provides unique information about psychological suitability and predicts negative post-hire outcomes in police candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citizenship is considered intertwined with recovery, and may be a useful perspective for advancing quality of life among marginalised groups. Yet, matters of citizenship among persons with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems are underrepresented both in research and practice. Aims: In order to measure citizenship among persons with co-occurring problems in a Norwegian study, a measure of citizenship was translated from English to Norwegian. The aims of the study were to 1) translate and adapt the Citizenship Measure, developed by Rowe and colleagues at the Yale Program for Recovery and Community Health, to Norwegian, and 2) to assess the internal consistency and convergent validity of the Norwegian translated measure. Methods: The translation process was carried out using forward and back translation procedures. To examine measurement properties, a convenience sample of 104 residents with co-occurring problems living in supported housing completed the measure. Results: Two factors were identified, related to rights, and to relational citizenship. The Norwegian translation of the Citizenship Measure showed high internal consistency and adequate convergent validity. Conclusions: We argue that the measure can be useful in assessing perceived citizenship, and in initiating efforts to support citizenship among persons with co-occurring problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]