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Background: Low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including South Africa, are currently experiencing multiple epidemics: HIV and the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), leading to different patterns of multimorbidity (the occurrence of two or more chronic conditions) than experienced in high income settings. These adversely affect health outcomes, increase patients' perceived burden of treatment, and impact the workload of self-management. This paper outlines the methods used in a qualitative study exploring burden of treatment among people living with HIV/NCD multimorbidity in South Africa. Methods: We undertook a comparative qualitative study to examine the interaction between individuals' treatment burden (self-management workload) and their capacity to take on this workload, using the dual lenses of Burden of Treatment Theory (BoTT) and Cumulative Complexity Model (CuCoM) to aid conceptualisation of the data. We interviewed 30 people with multimorbidity and 16 carers in rural Eastern Cape and urban Cape Town between February-April 2021. Data was analysed through framework analysis. Findings: This paper discusses the methodological procedures considered when conducting qualitative research among people with multimorbidity in low-income settings in South Africa. We highlight the decisions made when developing the research design, recruiting participants, and selecting field-sites. We also explore data analysis processes and reflect on the positionality of the research project and researchers. Conclusion: This paper illustrates the decision-making processes conducting this qualitative research and may be helpful in informing future research aiming to qualitatively investigate treatment burden among patients in LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there are a number of excellent suggestions from editors on how to conduct, structure, and publish research in general, we thought it would be useful to offer some guidance from an entrepreneurship perspective. Writing this paper allowed us to reflect on our work as authors, reviewers, and editors to offer some advice in the form of simple rules for conducting entrepreneurship research, templates for structuring entrepreneurship research, and heuristics for writing entrepreneurship research. While not exhaustive, we have focused on the "rules of thumb" that have served us well and we hope that others find them useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presenter's paradox is a phenomenon wherein adding low-value information alongside high-value information reduces the overall effectiveness of communication. This is because receivers tend to evaluate messages using an averaging, rather than additive, approach. In the context of journal submissions, the presenter's paradox arises when authors undermine their papers' value by adding extra components that fail to maintain the high standard established in the core of the paper. These additions might take the form of excessive control variables, supplementary analyses, hypotheses, words, tables, figures, or citations. We argue that authors should construct journal submissions with the presenter's paradox in mind––because in many cases, less is more. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To describe demographic and presenting clinical characteristics, diagnostic features, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes of adolescent tarsal navicular BSI's. Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with tarsal navicular BSIs was performed at eight academic centers. Diagnosis was confirmed by radiologic imaging in all cases. The following variables were collected utilizing a REDCap database and analyzed with basic descriptive and comparative statistics: age, sex, primary sport, physical exam (PE) findings, diagnostic imaging modality, treatment modalities, surgical technique (when applicable), time of protected weight-bearing, time to running, and time to return to sport. Results: 110 patients (mean age: 14.7 years +/-2.7 years; 65% female) met inclusion criteria, 103 (94%) of whom reported a primary sport, most commonly cross country/track and field (33%) and gymnastics/dance (27%). Common PE findings included navicular tenderness (96%), pain with walking (89%), and pain with resisted inversion (55%). Both x-ray and MRI were obtained in the majority of patients (91%), while CT was obtained for 30%. A radiologically detectable fracture line was present in 44%, most commonly on the dorsal navicular cortex. Non-operative treatment was successful in 85% of patients, consisting of protective boot (79%) or cast (21%). Operative treatment was pursued for 15% of patients, with 73% treated with open reduction internal fixation and 27% undergoing percutaneous screw fixation. All operative patients underwent fixation with either 1 (50%) or 2 screws (50%). Bone grafting was performed in 5 patients (31%). Significant differences between non-operative and operative cohorts included presence of fracture line (38% vs. 88%, P<0.001), age (14.3 years vs. 17.1, P<0.001), time of protected weightbearing (7 weeks vs 10 weeks, P=0.012), time to running (12 weeks vs 18 weeks, P=0.001), and time to return to sport (14 weeks vs 20 weeks, P=0.001). Conclusions: Adolescent tarsal navicular BSIs occur most commonly in sports involving repetitive loading, such as cross country, track and field, gymnastics, and dance. The most common PE findings are navicular tenderness to palpation, pain with walking, and pain with resisted inversion. Patients that ultimately require surgical treatment were more likely to have a radiologic fracture line, prolonged return to weightbearing, running and sport than those successfully treated non-operatively. Table 1: Total Cohort Demographics of patients with bone stress injury to the tarsal navicular bone from eight institutions across the United States from 2013 to 2021 Table 2: Demographic and clinical characteristics of non-operative vs. operative patients with tarsal navicular bone stress injuries from eight institutions across the United States from 2013 to 2021 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's response to Martyn Hammersley's paper "On Feminist Mythology." Hammersley questions whether or not it is justifiable to privilege the significance of gender. What strikes me here is the assumption that gender is indeed privileged by feminists in a uniform way. The case for criticism is considerably weakened when Hammersley himself cites leading feminist writers who have not only questioned the privileging of gender over other factors such as race and class, but who presumably do not privilege gender in their work. Hammersley's references to methodological injunctions to explore women's experiences suggest a reading of feminist work which is limited to redressing the balance in theory, policy and research by focusing exclusively on women. The later part of his paper which focuses on the validity of experience as opposed to method is really making two claims: firstly, that in using experience as part of the approach to research then anything goes--critical awareness, rigour and so on are abandoned; secondly, that the recognition and inclusion of experience in knowledge or knowledge production does not automatically increase the validity of that knowledge. I have more sympathy with the second claim than with the first. Firstly, however, I do not believe that experience and method are polarized in quite the way, which Hammersley suggests. My view is that recent feminist debates have been about the role of experience in method rather than verses method.

The ability to critically read a research paper is a skill that all postgraduate students and academicians require because the findings of a study must be interpreted in the context of its strengths and limitations. This article summarizes a recent study on continuation vs. discontinuation of antidepressants during pregnancy; preterm birth and low-birth weight were the outcomes of interest. The strengths and limitations of the study are considered, as are the best and worst case scenarios related to antidepressant use during pregnancy. It is hoped that this exercise will increase the reader's awareness of statistical and methodological issues that emerge when a study is critically examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the central role of legitimacy in social and organizational life, we know little of the subtle meaning-making processes through which organizational phenomena, such as industrial restructuring, are legitimated in contemporary society. Therefore, this paper examines the discursive legitimation strategies used when making sense of global industrial restructuring in the media. Based on a critical discourse analysis of extensive media coverage of a revolutionary pulp and paper sector merger, we distinguish and analyze five legitimation strategies: (1) normalization, (2) authorization, (3) rationalization, (4) moralization, and (5) narrativization. We argue that while these specific legitimation strategies appear in individual texts, their recurring use in the intertextual totality of the public discussion establishes the core elements of the emerging legitimating discourse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents the research papers that were recognized at the 2001 Research in ENTrepreneurship. 'Organisational Structures in SMEs: Occurrence and Clusters,' by J. Meijaard, M.J. Brand, and M. Mosselman; 'Small Business Performance: Exploring the Link Between Management Practices and the Financial Performance of Small and Medium Sized Belgian Construction SMEs,' by J. Maes, L. Sels, and F. Roodhooft.

The article focuses on the rewriting of medical research papers for layman. There is inconsistency on the view of science in popularized versions of research papers with that in the source article that scientists may feel disposed to write off. According to Greg Myers, the narrative of science of research papers and the narrative of nature in popular science articles work together to create the cultural authority of science.

Choosing an appropriate qualitative methodology in nursing research is a researcher's first step before beginning a study. Such a step is critical as the selected qualitative methodology should be congruent with the research questions, study assumptions, data gathering and analysis to promote the utility of such research in enhancing nursing knowledge. In this paper, we compare focused ethnography by Roper and Shapira and interpretive phenomenology by Benner. Though these methodologies are naturalistic and appear similar, both have different methodological underpinnings. The historical, ontological, epistemological, and axiological philosophy guiding each methodology are described. In addition, the methodological underpinnings of both methodologies and a justification for use in nursing research are provided. This paper will assist future researchers who aim to employ these methodologies in nursing research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This editorial examines author-reported information on author team characteristics and decision points during the paper development process. In addition to presenting the typical practices of our authors, we present data linking author team practices to the actual recommendations and ratings made by reviewers on these papers. The ultimate goal of this editorial is to attempt to identify some potential drivers of publishing success at Journal of Management. While there does not seem to be a magic feather that predicts manuscript success, two of our findings suggest that seeking outside expertise when developing a team of authors, and frequent electronic communication with those authors, might have a positive effect on the assessed quality of the manuscript. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the application of Constructivist Grounded Theory (C-GT) methodology for social work research. First, it argues that C-GT methodology is well aligned with social work as the two value the individual in the context of their environmental influences. Both also prioritise the importance of respecting and valuing the participant or individual, seeing their perspective as unique and significant. Finally, this research methodology's systematic yet flexible guidelines align with social work ethics, which also focus on the importance of professional integrity. The paper then provides an example of a C-GT PhD study in relation to an area of social work practice, that is, stability in statutory kinship care in Queensland, Australia. The paper details the specific recruitment and sampling of participants, data collection and coding analysis examples from the PhD study. The examples evidence the relevance of C-GT methodology and its application for research in the area of social work practice, specifically statutory kinship care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the periodical, Sociological Methodology. Sociological Methodology is a journal that seeks to publish excellent contributions to each and every one of the many and diverse research methodologies that sociologists use in their research,or that they would want to use, if they knew of these methods or how to adapt them to sociological analysis. Many think of sociological methodology as a synonym for statistics or quantitative research methods. These Pavlovian responses are unfortunate. The editors of Sociological Methodology have consistently sought outstanding papers on all sociologically useful methods, including those that are generally perceived to be non-statistical and non-quantitative. Sociological Methodology is a refereed journal. The editor picks referees to render opinions on papers,makes editorial decisions based substantially (but not entirely) on referee reports, protects reviewers' identities from wounded authors,and does his best to protect authors from unfair, incompetent, or simply mistaken reviews. The editor also does his best to protect authors from his own errors by attending carefully to the comments of reviewers and by honoring any reasoned request for reconsideration and re-review. The system works on a web of redundant checks and balances,overseen by the editor.

Introduction: Globally, healthcare organizations have transitioned from paper-based documentation to electronic health records (EHR), including in Saudi Arabia. However, the adoption of EHR at the national level in Saudi Arabia needs more attention. Thus, this study aimed to determine the workflow integration of EHR and associated factors. Objectives: The specific aims were to examine the level of EHR use and workflow integration among nurses, to determine the differences in EHR use and workflow integration based on nurses' demographic characteristics, and to determine the association between the predictive factors and EHR workflow integration. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, correlational descriptive study. The data were collected from 293 nurses using the convenience sampling method. The participating nurses completed a questionnaire that included two measures: the Information System Use Survey and the Workflow Integration Survey (WIS). The data were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistics with SPSS software. Results: The nurses had a positive perception of EHR use and workflow. The EHR use scores differed based on workplace (P <.01), education level (P <.05), and area of practice (P <.001). Similarly, the EHR workflow integration scores varied according to workplace (P <.05), education level (P <.05), and area of practice (P <.001). Education level and workplace significantly predicted information system use. Furthermore, education level and information system use significantly predicted the EHR integration into nurses' workflow. Conclusion: The nurses expressed a greater perceived use of EHR regarding the integrated health information system, which was a predictor of EHR integration into nurses' workflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Potential challenges in conducting international sales research, coupled with the lack of systematic guidance currently prevent western sales scholars from conducting research in emerging market contexts. The authors draw upon (a) their decade-long experience in conducting qualitative sales research in the Middle East (ME), as well as (b) depth interview data they collected specifically for this paper from eleven academics engaged in doing sales research in that region to propose a three-step framework for conducting qualitative sales research within the ME. The exclusivity of this framework to the ME context is rooted in its responsiveness to the unique elements and idiosyncrasies inherent within the ME culture. In addition to offering a systematic guidance, the framework implies that it is not the research expertise of the western scholars, but their ability to understand and respond to cultural nuances, and cultivate and employ soft skills such as communication, trust, relationship building, and/or mutual respect that may make or break their foray into conducting sales research in the ME markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the use of the term 'market research' in a contemporary context. Although the term is well established as an industry definition, its use and meaning have become increasingly contested. This study brings together empirical data from a range of sources that reflect key stakeholders within the market research sector. Findings suggest that the term 'market research' has become increasingly marginalised amongst these key stakeholders. Few of the leading research firms use this term to describe their core activity, and data suggest that wider use of the term has declined over the past decade. Where 'market research' is used, the term is typically demoted to describing a set of skills rather than a strategic concept around adding value. A number of explanations for this are explored, including isomorphism among research firms, the role of research in generating value, and the broader economic context in which research takes place. Finally, the paper considers whether continuing use of the term is beneficial to the future success of the research sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Third Symposium of the Los Alamos Computer Science Institute (LACSI) was held in Santa Fe, New Mexico, U.S. on October 13-16, 2002. The mission of the LACSI Symposium series is to be a valuable forum for presenting and discussing current research and important programs in scalable high performance computing. Each year the format of the program has evolved to meet that goal. In 2002, the program included a keynote talk on Japan's Earth Simulator, a number of invited "state of the field" talks, an invited panel, a poster session, a day of workshops, and the presentation of 17 reviewed research papers selected from 42 technical submissions. Six papers from the Symposium is presented in this special issue of the "International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications." The selected papers represent the breadth of technical content of the Symposium.

Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) legislation has evolved rapidly in Canada with significant impacts on nursing practice. The purpose of this paper is to describe evolving complexities in legislative context and practice standards that influence the experiences nurse practitioners and registered nurses have with MAID. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 25 registered nurses and 10 nurse practitioners from diverse contexts across Canada. Participants described their practices and considerations when discussing MAID as part of advance care planning; their use of, and challenges with, waivers of consent; their practice considerations in negotiating the complexities of clients for whom death is not reasonably foreseeable; and their moral wrestling with the inclusion of MAID for persons whose sole underlying medical condition is mental illness. Findings illustrate the moral complexities inherent in the evolving legislation and the importance of robust health and social care systems to the legal and ethical implementation of MAID in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Radiotherapy is the main treatment modality in cancer. There is sparse knowledge on how patients with cancer experience their radiotherapy trajectory, and which factors might be associated with patients' experiences. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to explore how adults with cancer receiving radiotherapy evaluate the quality of their care, utilizing a patient-reported experience measure, and how patient- and service-related characteristics are associated with their evaluation. Methods: An explorative cross-sectional study using a self-completed questionnaire to assess patients' radiotherapy experiences was performed. Participants were recruited consecutively, within their last week of treatment, from two different hospitals in Norway from January 2021 to January 2022. Four hundred and eighty paper questionnaires were distributed to recruited patients, 240 at each hospital. Questionnaires were self-completed at home and returned by mail. The instrument person-centered coordinated care experience questionnaire (P3CEQ) was used. In addition to this, participants completed the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire-C30 (EORTC QLQ-C30) and The Sense of Coherence 13 scale (SOC-13). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, parametric tests, and unadjusted/adjusted linear regression models were estimated. Results: The study included 373 patients. Patients evaluated quality of care in terms of P3CEQ scores, with a mean score of 19.5 (standard deviation = 5.4). Lowest scores were identified in areas concerning person-centeredness and service coordination. There were no significant differences in P3CEQ scores between the younger and older groups. Having a partner and better SOC-13 scores were independently associated with the overall patient-reported experience score, whereas age was not. Conclusion: Patient-reported experience scores indicate that improvements are needed in some areas, such as informing and involving patients in the planning and coordination of their care. Findings suggest paying special attention to patients without a partner to offer patients the best possible care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports within the issue on topics including rejection of research papers; introduction of an overview papers column to the periodical and joining of assistant professor Hua Ge to the editorial board.

In this paper, we review scholarly accounting research published within the Asia Pacific Region by analysing nine of the main accounting journals within the region along five dimensions. The nine journals we focus on are: Accounting, Auditing and Accountability Journal; Australian Accounting Review; Abacus; Accounting and Finance; Australian Journal of Management; Accounting Research Journal; Journal of Contemporary Accounting and Economics; Managerial Auditing Journal; and Pacific Accounting Review. The five dimensions we consider are: the most frequently cited papers; topical coverage; impact on practice; research method; and noted authors. Our review leads us to conclude that the accounting journals published within the Asia Pacific region make a significant contribution to research and practice both within the region and internationally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's comments about the similarities and differences between research and clinical practice in child psychiatry. The author says that research and clinical practice are very similar. He says that the main difference between the two fields is the time frame and the amount of evidence that is available. He says that each new case requires child psychiatrists to develop a set of hypotheses about the nature of the problem.

Probes the relationship between the working practice and performance of scientific groups in two fields of condensed matter physics, using approaches drawn from science studies. What policy studies of scientific performance are based on; What previous studies of factors affecting performance have neglected.

The article focuses on issues related to science and art. It has been argued that art formulates human perceptions. In a way both science and art bring a meaning to human life. Sensory qualities are liberated from their usual meaning in expressive art. It has been emphasized that human intellectual should be astute in a manner to accept that science can accommodate multiple point of views.

This special issue grew out of a pre-conference on religious and spiritual development (RSD), the first pre-conference of its kind at the biennial meetings of the Society for Research in Child Development. (A second meeting will be held in April of 2003.) In this introductory essay, two brief empirical arguments are presented as rationale for this issue: the neglect of social-science research on RSD, and the centrality and importance of religion for families and children's development. The issue includes 6 papers that vary richly in topic, methods, and levels of analysis; a conceptual analysis of sanctification in family relationships, a qualitative study of the role of religion in Latter-day Saints fathers who have special-needs children, a qualitative and quantitative study of parent-child communication about religion, a structural-modeling analysis of the role of religion in the positive development of a national sample of youth, a survey study of religion in college students' volunteerism, and a data-based reconceptualization of children's concepts of God. Some papers speak directly to the important issue of whether religion offers families and children benefits that are due uniquely to religion. Overall, the special issue offers a measure of remedy for the neglect of RSD and suggests many empirical and theoretical considerations for future scholarship on RSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The persistence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the environment and their possible negative health impacts have attracted global attention. In Nigeria, there have been instances of PFAS contamination in many environmental areas, such as water sources. This paper raised concerns regarding limited research of PFAS in Nigeria, potential human exposure, and environmental consequences in Nigeria. This paper examines the present status of PFAS research in Nigeria, the sources from which contamination occurs, the environmental effects, and the implications for human health. This underscores the holes in understanding and areas of focus for study, underscoring the necessity for thorough evaluations of potential risks and regulatory actions to reduce exposure to PFAS and protect public health and the environment in Nigeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic challenged healthcare providers to adapt their models of care and leverage technology to continue to provide necessary care while reducing the likelihood of exposure. One setting that faced a unique set of challenges and opportunities was free and charitable clinics. In response to the emerging pandemic, The North Carolina Association for Free and Charitable Clinics (NCAFCC) offered their 66 member clinics access to a telehealth platform, free of charge. Objective: This paper explores the varied perspectives of leaders in the NCAFCC member clinics regarding the implementation of telehealth services to facilitate continuity of care for patients during the height of the pandemic. Design: This qualitative study is part of a broader research effort to understand and contextualize the experience of implementing and using telehealth services by North Carolina free and charitable clinics during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The research team conducted 13 key informant interviews and employed thematic analysis and grounded theory to explore critical themes and construct a model based on the CFIR to describe the use of telehealth in free and charitable clinics. Results: Twelve clinic managers and executive directors from free and charitable clinics across the state participated in the key informant interviews providing their unique perspective on the experience of implementing telehealth services in a free and charitable clinic environment during the COVID-19 pandemic. When examined within the lens of the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR), 3 key themes emerged from the key informant interviews: mission driven patient centered care, resilience and resourcefulness, and immediate implementation. Conclusions: This study aligns with existing literature regarding telehealth implementation across other safety net provider settings and highlights the key implementation factors, organizational elements, provider perspectives, and patient needs that must collectively be considered when implementing new technologies, especially in a low-resource, high need healthcare setting. The study showcases the implementation climate, resourcefulness, and mission driven approach that allowed many NCAFCC clinics to respond to an emergent situation by adopting and implementing a telehealth platform in a period of 2 weeks or less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an examination of the methodological and theoretical perspectives of a study with an inquiry focus on the experiences and perspectives of staff who worked at an injectable opiate assisted (iOAT) clinic. Twenty-two staff members, including nurses, social workers, and peer support workers, were interviewed. The goal of the study was to uncover how the clinic staff provided care to the clients who attend the clinic, their perspectives on how the clinic program impacted both them and their clients, and their experiences with the program itself. This interpretive descriptive study was underpinned by critical social theory. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify recurring, converging, and contradictory patterns of interaction, key concepts and emerging themes. In this paper we examine and discuss how the relationship between critical social theory and interpretive description enhanced the study. Examples from the study are presented to provide insight into the relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photo elicitation interviewing (PEI), as a visual qualitative research methodology, has been used widely in various fields with different participants. However, little has been written about using the method in public health research, especially involving men in low-income settings. In this paper, the authors reflect upon the use of PEI in a study that explored fathers' experiences in child care and feeding in a low-income neighbourhood of Addis Ababa city in Ethiopia. The reflections focus on two overarching themes; (1) how PEI worked well as an effective technique in terms of addressing the research questions posed in this low-resourced setting and (2) how it served to enhance phenomenology in qualitative public health research. The researchers also discuss the limitations and lessons from employing this methodology through continuous reflexivity, which is valuable to qualitative work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The purpose of this paper is to provide a preliminary evaluation of treatment outcomes, retention and client satisfaction following a 12-week combined cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) and motivational enhancement therapy (MET) group treatment for cannabis use disorder (CUD) delivered in an outpatient setting. Implementation of the program is also described. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using data collected from medical records and self-report assessments. Participants were treatment-seeking cannabis users at the Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto. Cannabis use, cannabis-related problems, craving, withdrawal symptoms, self-efficacy for remaining abstinent, depression and anxiety were assessed pre- and post-treatment. Treatment retention was calculated by inspecting clinic attendance records, and client satisfaction was evaluated using an anonymous feedback survey. Potential predictors of treatment outcomes and retention were investigated in exploratory analyses. Results: Cannabis use was lower and days of abstinence higher post-treatment (vs pre-treatment). Post-treatment improvements in cannabis-related problems, craving, withdrawal symptoms, self-efficacy and mood were also observed. Completion of group treatment (⩾75% of sessions attended) was 57% and moderate levels of treatment satisfaction were reported. Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that a 12-week combined CBT and MET treatment for cannabis use disorder delivered in a novel group setting improves cannabis use outcomes. Potential predictors of reduced cannabis use and retention were identified. Future controlled studies are warranted, and strategies for increasing retention should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the third editorial commentary in a three-part series that addresses introductions, implications, and interestingness. The first, focusing on the introduction design, is about what the beginning of a paper should look like. The second, focusing on practice implications, is about what the end of a paper should look like. The third discusses how to develop and fit attention-grabbing ideas into the academic conversation in the literature. We hope this editorial series provides inspiration and ideas about publishing papers that people want to engage with. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the trends general anesthesia in dental surgery. According to the author, some studies show a decrease number of general anesthetics given in general dental practice and the community dental service. Fluoride toothpaste is probably the major element in reducing dental decay however, the author believes there are a number of other factors which have played a part in the steady decline in the need for general anesthesia for dental surgery.

This article emphasizes the need for alternative perspectives in entrepreneurship research. Burrell and Morgan's classic text Sociological Paradigms and Organisational Analysis is as relevant now as it was when first published a quarter of a century ago. Central to Burrell and Morgan's thesis is the idea that all theories of organization are based upon a philosophy of science and a theory of society. Either explicitly or implicitly, researchers base their work on a series of philosophical assumptions regarding ontology, epistemology, and human nature, which have methodological consequences. Within each of these assumptions, the extreme positions are reflected in sociological positivism and, in opposition, German idealism. Similarly, researchers hold differing views about the nature of society, underpinned by further assumptions, and reflected in Burrell and Morgan's distinction between regulation and radical change. Researchers adhering to the regulation perspective attempt to explain society in terms that emphasize its underlying cohesiveness. Their concerns are with the status quo, social order, consensus, social integration, solidarity, individual or system needs satisfaction, and actuality. In contrast, the radical change perspective is concerned with explaining structural conflict, modes of domination, contradiction, emancipation, deprivation, and potentiality. Assumptions that researchers make, both about the philosophy of science and the theory of society, represent two independent dimensions which, taken together, delineate four distinct paradigms: Functionalist, Interpretive, Radical Humanist, and Radical Structuralist. These paradigms reflect basic metatheoretical assumptions that underpin the shared philosophy, perspective, mode of theorizing, and approach of researchers who operate within them.

This article focuses on annual best-paper paper award based on articles published in the journal Group and Organization Management. This award has been named after the founders of Sage Publications, Sara and George McCune, recognizing their years of publishing academic research and articles about organizational practice. The award for 1992 was won by J. Stewart black for his article "Socializing American Expatriate Managers Overseas: Tactics, Tenure and Role Innovation." His article not only dealt with a critical organizational problem in international management, it also had important implications for future research on the costly problem of expatriate managers in general.

The article provides information on the journal "Production and Operations Management." The journal serves as a research journal in operations management in terms of manufacturing and services. It publishes scientific research regarding the problems, interests and concerns of managers who supervise product and manufacturing processes, operations and supply chains. It embraces all topics related to product process and design, operations, and supply chain management and accepts papers using any research paradigm. Meanwhile, the author presents the website www.poms.org for additional information.

The article presents marketing-related information including the recipients of the awards for authors of marketing research articles, the conference of the Market Research Society (MRS) Census and Geodemographic Group (CGG) held in London, England on November 5, 2014, and the content of this issue of the "International Journal of Market Research."

The article presents the response of the authors to the paper titled "The Legacy of Stress Research: The Course and the Impact of This Journal" which appeared in the September 1990 issue of the "Journal of Health and Social Behavior." The authors' principal concern has been to craft as effective and complete a statement as possible while remaining judicious stewards of the journal's scare page allocation. They made three brief comments on the general nature of the exchange and proceeded to commentary-specific responses.

This paper is part of a larger study of how knowledge is used in strategies for the solution of public issues. I examine research papers on the issue of drinking and driving, treating the scientific document as a literary, artistic product. Principles of literary criticism, utilized in the analysis of narrative, drama and poetry are applied to the presentation of research to show how statements of fact are given scientific legitimacy and how the literary formulation transfers such statements into rhetorical prescriptions for action. Theorizing and conclusion-making are shown to involve presentational devices of literary selection and language which confer policy implications upon them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As uses of plasma-derived medical products increase globally, so does the demand to collect plasma from donors. There is evidence that positive interactions with center staff motivate plasma donors to return. This paper reports on a focused ethnography investigating experiences of nurses and phlebotomists in one of Canadian Blood Services’ first source plasma collection center during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants found the transition from whole blood collection to source plasma amid a global pandemic challenging, but they adapted by coming together as a team, and then worked to put the donor experience first. Their experience resonates with scholarship on emotional labor. As blood services worldwide attempt to increase source plasma collection, there is a need to understand care work that nurses and phlebotomists perform on the front-line. This study offers insight into how blood services can support staff in plasma operations by recognizing emotional labor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multimorbidity has emerged as a major challenge facing health services globally, which will place a substantial burden on health systems going forward. This paper seeks to estimate the association between multimorbidity and direct healthcare costs among older people in Ireland from a healthcare system perspective. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis of data on 8,447 community-dwelling adults aged 50 and over collected between 2009 and 2011 as part of the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Multivariable generalised linear model regression, employing a log-link and Poisson family distribution, is used to assess the association between self-reported multimorbidity status and direct healthcare costs. Results: For the full sample, 21.20% reported having no chronic conditions, 27.39% had one chronic condition, and 51.40% had multimorbidity. After controlling for a range of socio-demographic and health status variables, we found that relative to those reporting no chronic conditions, one chronic condition was associated with additional average annual costs of €513 (95% CIs: 245, 781), increasing to €1277 (95% CIs: 942, 1612) for those with 6 or more chronic conditions. Relative to those reporting 2 chronic conditions, 4 chronic conditions were associated with additional costs of €411 (95% CIs: 106, 716), 5 chronic conditions with €591 (95% CIs: 214, 969), and 6 or more chronic conditions with additional average costs of €1006 (95% CIs: 641, 1371). Conclusion: This study finds positive and significant associations between the number of chronic conditions and direct healthcare costs and further highlights the potential economic benefits from preventing the onset and progression of multimorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consequences of parallel paper and electronic medical records (EMR) and their impact on informational continuity are examined. An interdisciplinary team conducted a multi-site, ethnographic field study and retrospective documentation review from January 2010 to December 2010. Three case studies from the sample of older patients with hip fractures who were transitioning across care settings were selected for examination. Analysis of data from interviews with care providers in each setting, field observation notes, and reviews of medical records yielded two themes. First, the lack of interoperability between electronic information systems has complicated, not eased providers’ ability to communicate with others. Second, rather than transforming the system, digital records have sustained health care’s ‘culture of documentation’. While some information is more accessible and communications streamlined, parallel paper and electronic systems have added to front line providers’ burden, not lessened it. Implementation of truly interoperable electronic health information systems need to be expedited to improve care continuity for patients with complex health-care needs, such as older patients with hip fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nursing schedule generation is an important activity that takes a considerable amount of time for managers to prepare and amend. It involves the optimal allocation of nurses to shifts, factoring various constraints like shift timings, holidays, leaves, and emergencies. This paper provides the design and development details for an automated nurse scheduling system called "ROTA," implemented for a 2032 bed multi-specialty tertiary teaching hospital, having 1800 staff nurses and 98 wards. The system generates daily, weekly, monthly schedules, nurse face sheets, duty allocation charts, swapping schedules, and training details for nurses. The system improved managerial control and saved a considerable amount of time for nurses to prepare the schedule. A survey conducted to gauge the system's satisfaction level showed that 91% of nurses were satisfied with ROTA. Overall, the system saved 78% of nurse scheduling time, resulting in a 3% cost reduction for the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly infiltrating multiple areas in medicine, with gastrointestinal endoscopy paving the way in both research and clinical applications. Multiple challenges associated with the incorporation of AI in endoscopy are being addressed in recent consensus documents. Objectives: In the current paper, we aimed to map future challenges and areas of research for the incorporation of AI in capsule endoscopy (CE) practice. Design: Modified three-round Delphi consensus online survey. Methods: The study design was based on a modified three-round Delphi consensus online survey distributed to a group of CE and AI experts. Round one aimed to map out key research statements and challenges for the implementation of AI in CE. All queries addressing the same questions were merged into a single issue. The second round aimed to rank all generated questions during round one and to identify the top-ranked statements with the highest total score. Finally, the third round aimed to redistribute and rescore the top-ranked statements. Results: Twenty-one (16 gastroenterologists and 5 data scientists) experts participated in the survey. In the first round, 48 statements divided into seven themes were generated. After scoring all statements and rescoring the top 12, the question of AI use for identification and grading of small bowel pathologies was scored the highest (mean score 9.15), correlation of AI and human expert reading-second (9.05), and real-life feasibility-third (9.0). Conclusion: In summary, our current study points out a roadmap for future challenges and research areas on our way to fully incorporating AI in CE reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An introduction is presented in which the editor discusses various reports published within the issue which include the importance of theory on research and practice, the different approaches to theory, and the implications of the lack-of-theory concern on research.

Background: As the movement toward evidence-based medicine grows and publication rates rise each year, critical analysis of the orthopedic literature has become increasingly important. To aid readers in assessing the scientific quality of published research, Foot & Ankle International (FAI) began assigning levels of evidence to all clinical articles in 2008. The purpose of this study was to analyze trends in the characteristics and levels of evidence of articles published in FAI between 2000 and 2015. Methods: All articles published in FAI from the years 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 were reviewed and categorized into article type (clinical, basic science, review, or technical tip). Each clinical article was assigned a level of evidence (I-V) and study type (prognostic, therapeutic, economic, or diagnostic). Descriptive information was gathered pertaining to country of origin, author credentials, and funding. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-squared tests to detect any trends in levels of evidence and publication characteristics. Results: A total of 647 articles were reviewed. From 2000 to 2015, there was a statistically significant increase in the publication of clinical research articles (70% to 83%; P = .013), while the number of basic science articles decreased (29% to 17%; P = .013). Of the clinical articles, there was a significant increase in therapeutic studies (41% to 58%; P = .003). During the study period, the publication of Level I and II evidence significantly increased (2% to 14%; P = .002). Although Level III and V evidence also increased (65% to 71%, P > .99), this was not found to be statistically significant. Publications originated from a total of 39 countries, with a significant increase in the proportion of international papers (33% to 48%; P = .007) over the study period. The proportion of articles authored by Doctors of Podiatric Medicine (DPMs) during the study period significantly decreased (4% to 2%, P = .035). Finally, the percentage of studies that disclosed the use of outside funding increased during the study period, with reported funding from grants or professional groups rising from 3% to 16% (P < .001) and reported funding from commercial sources rising from 0% to 9% (P = .002). Conclusion: The proportion of Level I and II studies published in FAI significantly increased from 2000 to 2015. The publication of clinical research rose, with a majority being therapeutic studies. There was a significant increase in articles published by international authors and a significant decrease in articles published by DPMs. During the same time period, there was a rise in the proportion of articles reporting the use of outside funding, both professional and commercial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]