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Background: Screen-time (ST) is the time spent on digital media. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the daily ST of less than an hour for preschoolers. However, increased ST among preschoolers is becoming a public health concern., Objective: This study assessed the multi-theory model (MTM)'s applicability in explaining the ST behavior change among preschoolers through parents., Methods: A quota sample of 72 parents was drawn from Northern India. Data were analyzed using multiple regression., Results: Behavioral confidence (p < 0.001) and changes in the physical environment (p < 0.001) significantly predicted the initiation of reducing ST. The sustenance of limiting ST was significantly predicted by the emotional transformation (p < 0.001), practice for change (p < 0.001), and changes in the social environment (p = 0.001)., Conclusions: The study highlights the usability of the MTM model in designing and testing interventions for parents to limit ST among their children.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 on 204 postmenopausal women aged 45-55 years who referred to Yazd health centers to determine the predictors in initiating and sustaining nutritional behaviors to deal with menopausal symptoms based on the multi-theory model (MTM). The participants were required to complete the demographic information questionnaire and a researcher-made questionnaire over the effective nutritional behaviors in menopause based on the MTM. The data were summarized and analyzed using SPSS 18 and AMOS23 by running descriptive indicators and path analysis. Behavioral confidence (β = 0.61, P < 0.001) had a higher predictive power in initiating a nutritional behavior compared to the changes in the physical environment (β  = 0.13, P < 0.05) and participatory dialogue (β = 0. 10, p < 0.05). Among the behavior-related constructs, only emotional transformation (β = 0.78, P < 0.001) could predict the behavioral sustaining. A positive and significant association was observed between nutritional behavior sustaining and quality of life (β = -0.41, P < 0.001). The MTM is an appropriate model for predicting the initiation and sustaining of the nutritional behaviors in dealing with menopause. The behavioral confidence, changes in physical environment, and participatory dialogue constructs played a significant role in predicting the initiation of behavior. The emotional transformation construct was also an important predictor in maintaining nutritional behaviors to deal with menopausal symptoms. So, future researchers are recommended to conduct MTM-based investigations according to the predictive constructs among menopausal women.

Background: Smoking is a risk factor for lung cancers, and a myriad of other acute and chronic ailments. The purpose of this study was to predict initiation and sustenance of smoking cessation among smokers using a fourth-generation behavioral framework, multi-theory model (MTM) of health behavior change., Methods: A convenience sample of smokers from a shopping mall in rural, Appalachian Kentucky county was invited to participate in this cross-sectional study. A 38-item, face and content validated, MTM-based survey instrument was administered to the participants., Results: A total of 148 participants completed the study. The mean age of the participants was 35.53 (SD = 14.52) years. Most were male (58.1%) and Caucasian (95.9%). Participants reported smoking for an average of 16.45 (SD = 13.12) years. Participatory dialogue (β = 0.235, P  = .003) and behavioral confidence (β = 0.305, P  = .005) were significant predictors of intention for initiation for smoking cessation behavior. Emotional transformation (β = 0.319, P  = .001) was a significant predictor of intention for sustenance for smoking cessation behavior., Discussion: Two of the MTM constructs for initiation and one of the MTM constructs for sustenance of change accounted for a moderate amount of variance in initiation and sustenance of smoking cessation behavior among community members in a rural, Kentucky county. MTM has utility for predicting both initiation and sustenance of smoking cessation behavior. Future interventions using MTM constructs should be developed for smoking cessation behavior change., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests:The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.