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Many complaints about indoor conditions are related to unsatisfactory thermal environments. Most research on thermal comfort (TC) considered physical parameters for settings and users yet marginalized the influence of user’s psychological aspects in the process of thermal sensation. Immersive virtual reality (VR) has been used in the built environment to simulate real scenarios. This research examines the effect of mood states on human evaluation of the thermal environment in virtual settings. Forty-four university students from Jordan participated. The experiment followed the ‘Experimental Design Method’ using thermally controlled chamber and TC evaluation using psychological responses developed by Fanger. The participants completed the PANAS-X pre-mood test before watching a video that targeted eliciting predetermined mood states: anger and happiness. The participants were then immersed in two virtual environments and asked to complete ASHRAE 7-point scale of TC. General Linear model was used to analyse the data. The results revealed a relationship between TC, mood state and quality of the indoor environment. Humans’ judgment on TC is a variable mental reaction. The research presents differences between the evaluation of angry and happy people to their thermal environments. This study expands research on the indoor environment quality and develops TC evaluation strategies.

Objective: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on residents, and investigate the relationship between home-based physical activity, boredom and mood state. Method: A sample survey of 501 residents completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Multidimensional State Boring Scale and Profile of Mood States. Results: ① In this epidemic, residents showed boredom and mood disturbance. In less severe areas, residents’ negative psychological experiences are more severe than those in more severe areas. ② Home-based physical activity was negatively correlated with boredom and mood disturbance, and boredom is positively correlated with mood disturbance. ③ Boredom mediated the relation between home-based physical activity and mood disturbance. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic has caused residents to experience more boredom and mood disturbance; home physical exercise can not only improve emotional state directly, but also improve emotional state through boredom.

The purpose of this study was to describe the relationship between patient physical and emotional status and caregiver mood state for patients with advanced cancer. Data were collected from 299 cancer patients and their caregivers from a cancer center. We used a longitudinal design and collected data through interviews. The relationships between patient and caregiver emotional states over time were moderate and statistically significant at all three points in time ( p values = .012-.0001). Patient physical and emotional status predicted caregiver mood state at all points in time (βs = −.22 to −.25) and caregiver mood state at baseline predicted patient emotional status at 3 months (β = −.16, p = .013). Relationships between patient emotional status and caregiver mood state were moderately strong. Addressing the emotional needs of both patients and caregivers has the potential to yield improved emotional outcomes for both over time.

Maintaining attention during tasks that require sustained, focused attention can be difficult and is influenced by motivation, feedback, sleep, and stress. The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of age and mood state on two sustained performance tasks. Active duty military and veterans (n=211) completed a demographic survey, the Running Memory Continuous Performance Test and the Standard Continuous Performance Test using the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metric software program. Results revealed that younger age and greater happiness yield faster reaction times, older age and greater depression and fatigue yield slower reaction times on various sustained performance measures (p < .05). The discussion includes both theoretical, as well as practical implications. While one cannot change their age, it is suggested that one can be aware of how their age influences reaction times. In addition, an individual can influence their own mood state or choose to avoid sustained attention tasks that depend on quick reactions when fatigued or depressed.

This article contributes to the research agenda of accommodating psychological insights in conventional lab experiments. We specifically test whether inducing subjects into different mood states has a significant effect on subjects’ rationality (in the form of preference reversals) and on bidding behaviour in home-grown value auctions. We find that mood states can significantly affect the rate of preference reversals and bidding behaviour in experimental auction valuation. Specifically we find that subjects under a positive mood state exhibit more rational behaviour (i.e., less preference reversals) and provide lower bid values than others.

Anxiety disorders are common and impairing in childhood and adolescence. Cognitive bias modification of interpretations (CBM-I) training aims to alter information biases associated with anxiety disorders by training the person to endorse benign, rather than negative, interpretations of ambiguous situations. With an expanding evidence base, CBM-I training in childhood and adolescence may provide a key opportunity to prevent the development of anxiety disorders, particularly by capitalizing on the inherent flexibility of the adolescent brain to make durable changes. This article augments existing data with a reanalysis of a large sample of data ( N = 387). The reanalysis highlights that CBM-I is (a) effective in altering interpretation styles; (b) that changes in mood state, although weak, are evident; and (c) tentatively, that effectiveness may vary across age in males and females. We conclude by offering further suggestions on which factors associated with protocol (e.g., multiple sessions) and training package (e.g., use of imagery) may maximize training effectiveness.

Objectives: Through a mood induction procedure, we prime positive, negative, or a neutral affective state and examine its effect on intentions to cheat on an exam and drinking and driving. Method: University students served as subjects for the study. They were provided with a questionnaire that randomized a mood induction procedure. Respondents were asked to recall (1) a recent positive event or experience, (2) a recent negative event or experience, or (3) their favorite books. They then completed a questionnaire that asked about their current mood state and got their responses to two hypothetical crime scenarios—cheating on an exam and drinking and driving. They were also asked questions pertaining to perceived risk, their decision-making style, impulsivity, and confidence. Results: We found that those experiencing an intense positive mood state were generally less likely to report that they would cheat or drive drunk relative to the negative and neutral state. However, we found little support for the suggested mediating causal mechanisms. Conclusions: Affective states milder than emotions are related to intentions to commit acts that are in the long-term harmful and go against self-interest. The relationship between affect states and criminal decision making can benefit from additional research.

This study assessed the effects of individuals’ personality trait and mood state on affective reactions to emotional stimuli. Resting electroencephalographic (EEG) was recorded from 11 healthy right-handed males and questionnaires were administered to assess subject’s mood state (total mood disturbance score) and personality trait (i.e. introvert or extravert), respectively. Along with baseline signals from the resting period, EEG was measured while subjects viewed pictures of three types of emotional stimuli (negatively arousing, calm, and positively arousing) chosen from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). A major question raised by the brain’s response to emotional stimuli was whether these changes were related to preexistent differences in subjects’ mood state and personality. Extraverted subjects and those with normal mood disturbance scores showed a greater response to positive stimuli processing while brain areas of introverted subjects and those with high mood disturbance scores were highly responsive to negative emotional pictures in the upper alpha frequency bands (10~12 Hz).

This study investigated the effects of mood state, issue involvement, and argument strength on responses to persuasive appeals. Through an unrelated second study paradigm, 144 introductory psychology students were randomly assigned to High or Low Issue Involvement, Happy or Sad Mood Inductions, and Strong or Weak Argument conditions. Attitudes, measured on 9-point Likert-type scales, and cognitive responses, measured through a thought listing, were assessed. On attitudes, people in the Happy Induction condition were equally persuaded by Strong and Weak Arguments, whereas people in the Sad Induction condition were persuaded by Strong, but not Weak, Arguments. Involvement had no effect. On the thought-listing measures, people in the Happy Induction condition showed modest elaboration. A stronger pattern of effects, consistent with high elaboration, was noted on the thought listings of people in the Sad Induction condition and who were in the High Involvement group. Interestingly, people in the Sad Induction condition who were in the Low Involvement group showed mood-congruency on thoughts. The data suggest that the effects of mood state are not moderated by the effects of issue Involvement on this measure of attitudes but that there may be some moderation on measures of elaboration. Implications and directions for research are discussed.

Caregivers of persons with multiple sclerosis (MS) exhibit less satisfaction with quality of life with respect to the general population. To assess the relationship between depression in caregivers and health status profiles of MS patients, we examined data from 133 patients and their respective caregivers, as a part of a prospective randomized trial aimed to investigate the effectiveness of home-based care. Patients were evaluated at baseline and one year later with measures of physical and psychological impairment and health status (SF-36 Health Survey). Caregivers’ psychological morbidity was assessed by the Profile of Mood State (POMS) at the same time points. An improvement of patients’ health status as measured in four out of eight SF-36 dimensions was observed over the study period, while psychological morbidity of their caregivers did not change significantly. Depression in caregivers was related to physical, emotional and health status of the patients at baseline and/or at 12-month follow-up. Changes in the degree of depression of caregivers were also associated with changes in disability and health status of the patients. This study confirms and extends in a home-care setting previous findings on relationships between patients’ status and depression in caregivers. It suggests that the caregiver is an appropriate and independent target for more focused therapeutic strategies.

Over a 2-wk. period, 19 volunteers kept structured diaries in which they recorded the contents of naturally occurring cognitive failures, including the hour and date of occurrence, attentional state, and mood state. 36 volunteers who were controls completed a written description of their activity 10 min. prior to the onset as well as account of their moods and attentional states during their occurrence. The recorded cognitive failures were independently classified into three types (perceptual/attentional failures, memory failures, and action failures) by two judges. Each type had a different peak of occurrence over the course of the day. Perceptual/attentional failures and memory failures occurred when the volunteers were in a preoccupied state. The state when every type of cognitive failure occurred was a suppressed mood state with high arousal. These results were discussed based on resource allocation models.

This study evaluated the effects of three popular physical activities on the psychological well-being of university students. 44 students in three physical activity classes enrolled in the Fitness for Life Program at Montana State University which included circuit training, weight training, and racquetball were administered the Profile of Mood States scale 5 min. before and 5 min. after one bout of physical activity. Two of the three activities appeared to be associated positively with scores on certain subscales. The results supported positive psychological well-being of students after physical activity. Implications for research are presented.

Musicians, seeking stress relief and vocal/instrumental enhancement, often turn to the Tomatis Method of sensori-neural integration training, based on the interdependence and interaction between hearing and listening, psychological attitude and speech and language. The paucity of impact studies on musicians, despite its acclaimed efficacy, has prompted the current multidisciplinary pilot study, involving a two group, pre-post experimental design. Listening aptitude, psychological well-being and vocal (voice) quality were assessed in availability samples of culturally diverse young, adult musicians (n=28), recruited from two tertiary institutions and assigned to a control group (n=10) and an experimental group, consisting of sub-experimental group one (n=10) and sub-experimental group two (n=8). Reasonable preprogramme group equivalence was established between the two sub-experimental groups and the control group. A Tomatis programme of 87.5 half hour listening sessions and concomitant counseling was completed by the total experimental group (n=18). Results indicated practically significant enhancement of: (i) listening aptitude on the Listening Test and (ii) psychological well-being, in terms of reduced negative and increased positive mood state (vigor) on the POMS in both sub-experimental groups, together with enhanced behavioural and emotional coping in sub-experimental group 1 on the CTI. (iii) Vocal enhancement, perceived both by singer-participants in both sub-experimental groups and a professional voice teacher, culminated in (iv) distinctly enhanced musical proficiency in 28% of all programme participants. Despite indications of multimodal enhancement, further research, necessitated by current methodological limitations, remains a prerequisite for achievement of definitive results.

The purpose of this study was to identify the interdependent structure of endogenous variables representing internal world of human cognition and exogenous variables representing work and living environment in external universe by using male workers engaging beverage manufacturing plants. Major concern was placed on the interference of mood states at work with other endogenous variables representing perceived performance, perceived efficacy and perceived health. Significant difference in perceived performance, efficacy and health were observed among four group of mood states and an asymmetrical interference of mood states with the perceptions was observed between group 3 and group 4. The results suggested that vigorous mood plays an important role in promoting adaptive level to job environment. A moderated effect model in which the mood state representing T-***, D-D, F and C was dealt with as exogenous variable giving effects on perceived performance and directly and indirectly on perceived health was adopted as the most appropriate linkage to explain reality of workplace.

Two experiments examined the impact of positive mood on impression formation about in-group and out-group members. Participants performed a dot estimation task and received feedback that they belonged either to the group of overestimators or underestimators. They rated the likability of target persons characterized by positive or negative traits and, in half of the trials, by their group membership (overestimators or underestimators). These judgments were made either in an unmanipulated neutral mood state or after induction of a positive mood. Both experiments revealed a stronger in-group-out-group differentiation in a positive mood than in a neutral mood. Without group label presented, the impact of the individuating information was the same in both mood states; with group label presented, it was smaller in positive mood. Response latencies did not vary with mood. The data demonstrate a twofold impact of mood, due to both its informational function and its enhancement of the categorizing information's weight.

The effects of emotional mood states on remembering scenes along a route of travel were examined in two experiments. For Experiment 1, 48 participants were exposed to a route of travel following a sad, happy, or neutral mood-induction procedure. Process dissociation (Jacoby, 1991) was used to derive separate estimates of the relative roles of conscious recollection and sense of familiarity (unconscious retrieval) in recognizing scenes. Conscious recollection, but not familiarity, was adversely affected by being in an emotional mood state during exposure. For Experiment 2, 24 participants given neutral mood induction were divided according to self-reports of induced mood. Participants in the sad mood group selected more old frames such as "looking sad" in a later test of implicit memory (unconscious retrieval) than did those in the happy mood group. These results reinforced that researchers must address diverse memory processes to understand the role of emotional mood states in spatial cognition.

Certain fragrances significantly influence affective and cognitive states in humans as shown not only in the laboratory but also in natural outdoor settings. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of age on the relationship between a complex, natural odor and affective states, i.e., calmness, alertness and positive mood, in the field. The effect of a selected ambient odor on emotional well-being as well as on evaluations of odor intensity and pleasantness was assessed in healthy human subjects and compared with a control condition involving the same outdoor environment without the tested natural odor. The influence of age was studied in three different age groups, i.e., school children, young adults and elderly subjects. Despite overall emotional differences as a function of age, the tested ambient odor compared with the control condition improved subjective ratings of calmness, alertness and positive mood in all groups. Differences were found between age groups in regard to odor pleasantness, but not intensity. We concluded that the beneficial effect of the natural odor on affective states is not constrained by age. Furthermore, we replicated our previous finding that pleasant natural fragrances in outdoor environments improve mood state in humans.

Though it has sometimes been shown that events encoded in a certain state of affect or mood are most retrievable in that state, neither the circumstances under which mood dependent memory (MDM) occurs nor the mechanisms that enable its emergence are as yet well understood The purpose of the research reviewed here is to clarify these circumstances and mechanisms To this end, the research focuses on four factors that appear to play pivotal roles in the occurrence of MDM These factors are (a) the nature of the target events or the manner in which they are encoded (i e, are events generated through internal mental processes such as reasoning, imagination, or thought more apt to be forgotten following a shift in mood state than are events that emanate mainly from external sources?), (b) the nature of the retrieval task (is it possible to demonstrate mood dependence using implicit rather than explicit measures of memory?), (c) efficacy of mood modification (do strong, stable, and authentic affective states promote the appearance of MDM?), and (d) whether alterations in affect are one-dimensional or two-dimensional (does a shift along both the pleasure and the arousal dimensions of mood impair memory more than does a shift along the pleasure dimension alone?) Exploring these four factors in detail may make it possible to resolve much of the controversy that now surrounds MDM, and to acquire fresh insights into its cognitive and affective foundations

This study represents a partial replication and extension of Deluty's investigations of the factors affecting suicide unacceptability [1]. Two hundred eighty-two Catholic college students evaluated scenarios which manipulated precipitating illness (i.e., severe depression, chronic physical pain, and terminal bone cancer) and gender of victim. In addition, evaluator variables (i.e., gender, mood state, and religiosity) were also considered. Results indicated that the unacceptability of suicide is a function of precipitating illness and gender of victim as well as a function of an evaluator's mood state, and religiosity. In addition, complex interactions among several of these variables were found, suggesting the complexity of decisions regarding the unacceptability of suicide.

To explore differences between target-based expectancies, those based on previous behavior, and category-based expectancies, those based on membership in a social category, two studies tested the hypothesis that target and category-based expectancies of equal predictive strength affect dispositional inference differently when disconfirming information is available. Subjects used either category or target-based information to form expectancies of a nonaggressive child and then listened to a tape of the child behaving aggressively. In Experiment 1, target-based expectancies influenced impressions more than category-based expectancies, and in both studies target-based subjects were less confident of their impressions than category-based subjects. Experiment 2 also found that perceivers with target-based expectancies were more like to attribute unexpected behavior to an unusual mood state than perceivers with category-based expectancies. Results suggest differences in the underlying structures of the two types of expectancies.

The Profile of Mood States was printed on four different colors of paper (yellow, red, green, blue) and white to test whether the color of paper would influence mood state scores of 246 college students. Univariate analyses of variance identified color effects only on the Fatigue scale.

Psychomotor disturbance has generally been viewed as a feature of all depressive disorders, merely varying in severity as a consequence of the mood state. As we have elsewhere argued for psychomotor change being specific to melancholia, its definition, measurement and capacity to sub-type depressive disorders may benefit from close consideration. Here we overview historical views and contemporary measures of psychomotor change, noting variable interest in behavioural manifestations of depression, as against symptoms, over time.

This study is part of an on-going series of investigations into psychological adaptation to the challenges of polar living. The focus of this particular study was the temporal patterning of mood during isolation in a high Arctic location. We were interested in investigating three aspects of such isolation. First, it has been suggested that an isolate’s mood and morale drop to a low point shortly after the midpoint of the duration. This drop has been labelled the “third-quarter phenomenon” (Bechtel, 1987); however, up to this time, no empirical research has been conducted to verify the existence of this pattern. Second, intuition would lead us to believe that significant events in an isolate’s day-to-day existence could have a profound effect on his or her mood state, due mainly to the relative monotony of the environment. Third, it has been shown that an isolate’s emotional stability contributes positively to the social and functional well-being of the group (Gunderson, 1973). This study investigated the existence and correlates of such stability in a group of subjects who had never before been isolated together.

It was hypothesized that completion of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) would influence self-reported mood, through subjects' comparison of their own state with the affectively negative content of the BDI. In Study 1, college students completed the BDI, Snyder's Self-Monitoring scale, or no initial questionnaire before completing a 20-item mood measure. Given the generally positive affective state and self-relevant constructs of college students, it was expected that subjects completing the BDI would contrast their own state with its affectively dissimilar content and would derive from the BDI a (negative) standard of reference against which they would evaluate their current state; consequently, it was hypothesized that completion of the BDI would result in a more positive mood. As predicted, subjects who had completed the BDI reported the most positive affect. In Study 2, subjects were dichotomized on depression scores and completed the BDI either before or after a mood measure. It was expected that, among subjects who completed the BDI first, nondepressed subjects would contrast the BDI content and report more positive moods, but depressed subjects would assimilate the BDI content and report more negative moods. Overall, subjects reported more positive mood after completing the BDI. However; this effect was attenuated for the depressed group. In Study 3 a more depressed group was employed, and the predicted interaction was observed. That is, depressed subjects were more negative, and nondepressed subjects more positive, if they first completed the BDL. The results are discussed in terms of the implications for future research and the interpretation of past research.

In recent years, investigators have increasingly applied meta-analytic techniques to the study of prosocial behavior. Meta-analytic procedures have been used to summarize across numerous studies, to examine the differences among subsets of studies that differ in critical ways, and to test theoretically derived hypotheses. Particular areas of focus have included the relation of prosocial behavior to perspective taking moral reasoning, and mood; testing theoretical assertions regarding the role of mood state in prosocial behavior; helping behavior in urban versus rural settings; and the effectiveness and bases of the foot-in-the-door effect. The contributions of meta-analysis to the study of these topics are discussed, as are some problems with the literature.

Previous studies have found that attentional blink (AB), a failure to report targets temporally close to each other, can be attenuated separately by (1) emotionally significant test stimuli (T2) and (2) the emotional state of the observer. In the present study, we asked whether and how the (1) and (2) interact. Participants were induced with either positive or negative music and asked to complete an AB task which consisted of low-arousal positive, neutral and negative words as T2. We found low arousal negative words significantly reduced AB more than did other words, while no main nor interaction effect for mood was observed. However, on repeating the experiment and replacing low arousal words with high-arousal ones we not only were able to replicate the finding of an advantage of negative words over others, but detected an effect for the mood of the observer: participants who were induced to become happier using music performed better in detecting T2 across lags and word categories than did participants who became sadder. Our findings suggest an interaction of arousal level of emotional target with the induced mood of participants although the underlying mechanisms responsible for this effect need further investigation.

This study randomly assigned participants to either an aerobic, non-aerobic, or lecture group to assess whether one bout of exercise would alter mood state. Regardless of experimental condition, changes in mood state were found on the Sensation Seeking and Anxiety State Tests, where sensation-seeking scores increased and anxiety state decreased from pre- to posttest.

90 male subjects with high or low sex guilt were exposed to sexual music videos, rock videos, or a neutral travelogue before assessment of mood states. Scores on Elation, Vigor, and Aggression scales were significantly affected by video presentations when sex guilt was considered.

Physiological indices should be included in research on the relationship between affect and physical activity; however, data must be appropriately analyzed, subjects must be randomly assigned or selected, and statistical inferences should provide the foundation for establishing the relationship between physical activity and changes in affect.

The present study examined mood states of aerobic exercisers before and after completing a 15-wk. program. The subjects (ages 18 to 36 yr.) were 86 women enrolled in activity classes at a large state school in the southeast. Subjects were initially classified according to previous exercise habits. Analysis indicated both groups of frequent and infrequent exercisers were similar in mood states. Participation in regular exercise did not significantly change or enhance the mood states from pre-treatment measures. Pretest measures of mood states provided poor prediction of posttest measures, indicating extreme variability in subjects' scores.

The study sought to evaluate the influence of extreme response style on mood state factors isolated. The factors obtained after partialling out response bias from intercorrelations of adjectives were compared with those obtained from the original set. A sample of the 349 high school students were administered a 63-adjective feeling-and-mood inventory. A principal axis analysis of the adjective intercorrelations disclosed seven mood states, all monopolar. After extreme response-bias score was partialled out of the intercorrelations the matrix of partial correlations was analyzed and seven factors were identified. Three of the mood states identified were bipolar and four were monopolar.

The purpose of this study was to compare the moods and mood variations of runners to those of aerobic dancers, weight-lifters, and nonexercising controls. The subjects, 70 undergraduates, were participants in a jogging and conditioning, a weight training, an aerobic dance, or an introductory psychology class. A time-series design was used in which all participants completed eight Profile of Mood State questionnaires over a 6-hr. period that centered on the time of the class. Four questionnaires were completed during the second week of classes and the other four about midsemester, approximately 6 wk. later. Runners had a significantly more positive mood profile than nonexercisers and a somewhat more positive one than weight-lifters, but those of runners and aerobic dancers were similar. Changes in moods across time in relation to activity and across semester suggest that exercise, particularly aerobic exercise, helps the regular participant not only to cope with stress but also to have a generally more positive feeling of well-being.

The present study attempted a modified replication of Bower, et al.'s 1978 finding of affective state-dependent retrieval. It is argued that Bower's finding confounds two theoretically distinct effects, pure affective state-dependent retrieval and an interference effect. Using the Velten mood induction and an interference list learning task over 24- to 48-hr. intervals, it was impossible to replicate Bower's finding. Considering the difficulty of reproducing affective state-dependent retrieval in many laboratories, one must exercise caution in drawing conclusions about its generalizability.

Forty-two patients with spinal cord lesions were asked to fill out the Amsterdam Mood Questionnaire in order to ascertain whether this group of patients with reduced sensorimotor capacities would show a deviant pattern of moods. An overall reduction in mood state levels had to be expected for these patients on the basis of various emotion theories, and various theories about the psychological consequences of severe handicaps. The various mood state levels for these patients did not differ from those for the norm group, with the exception of the mood state 'fatigued'. It is concluded that spinal cord lesions do not affect mood states in a direct way. Success or failure in coping with the lesion-induced handicap does, however, effect mood state levels. Failure in coping is related to depression and an accentuation of negative moods, whereas successful coping is related to lack of depression and an accentuation of positive moods. The results of this study indicate that the theories mentioned need reconsideration as do the therapeutic strategies based upon them.

Cross-cultural variations in the subjective experience of depression among normal college populations of Japanese-Nationals, Japanese-Americans, and Caucasian-Americans were investigated by examining word associations to the equivalent words of depression and yuutsu. The results indicated that Japanese-Nationals associated more external referent terms, such as "rain" and "cloud," and somatic referent terms, such as "headache" and "fatigue," to the word yuutsu. In contrast, both Japanese-Americans and Caucasian-Americans associated predominantly internal mood state terms, such as "sad" and "lonely," to the word depression. These differences are attributed to variations in the self-structure which mediates the subjective experience of depression in the different cultures. Japanese self-structure was considered to be essentially "unindividuated," while American self-structure was considered to be essentially "individuated."

Summy.-60 subjects identified as either high or low in communication apprehension completed mood state inventory scales. The high and low scorers differed significantly from one another across several mood dimensions. Highly apprehensive subjects' scores, however, all fell within the normal range for their peers, while low scorers fell outside the normal range on two dimensions. Apprehension about communication is defined as a "broadly based anxiety related to oral communication" ( McCroskey, 1982 ) . Over the past decade, numerous studies have investigated behavioral and cognitive aspects of persons who experience high levels of such anxiety. None of these investigations, however, have assessed high scoring subjects' mood states. The present research attempted to determine if highly apprehensive persons differed significantly in mood from persons characterized as low in apprehension. METHOD

The incidence of visual fatigue was investigated in a group of clerical workers whose jobs required the use of visual display terminals (VDTs) for varying proportions of their workdays. Assessment techniques included: optometric screening, checklist for mood state and physical symptoms, and non-directive interviewing. Results indicate a relatively high incidence of visual fatigue and other visual complaints, but these tended not to be related to job pressure and hostility towards office computerization. There were no significant optometric effects.