Search

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with a high morbidity rate (7% in general and 325/100.000 in reproductive period) was known as "the mother of autoimmune diseases." But healthcare providers hadn't reliable scales to measure the effectiveness of interventions to improve reproductive health. Women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) express concern about a significant gap in their reproductive and sexual health during medical care due to the lack of a specific scale to measure this concept. This study developed psychometrically specific scale to evaluate this concept in Iranian women., Methods: The study utilized a sequential-exploratory mixed-methods design, wherein the concept of reproductive health was clarified during the qualitative phase using conventional content analysis (inductive-deductive) to create a pool of RHASLE (Reproductive Health Assessment in SLE) items. During the psychometric process, the face, content, and construct validities of the RHASLE were checked with 650 individuals (320 using exploratory factor analysis [EFA] and 330 using confirmatory factor analysis [CFA]) through interviews and completion of the questionnaire. Convergent and divergent validities were then checked, and the reliability was assessed through stability and internal consistency. Finally, the measurement error, responsiveness, and interpretability of the scale were evaluated and confirmed., Results: The study's findings revealed that the RHASLE consisted of 5 factors (33 items): physical-psychological disorder (13 items), relaxing feeling (6 items), spirituality (3 items), high-risk pregnancies (5 items), and sexual satisfaction (6 items). These factors explained a total of 99.97% of the variance in the concept of reproductive health. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the good model fit, and its validity and reliability were deemed acceptable., Conclusion: The RHASLE consisted of 27 items with high internal consistency, stability, responsiveness, and interpretability. That was able to get approval of Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. Based on the results, RHASLE is a valid and reliable multidimensional scale that encompasses various aspects of reproductive health (physical, sexual, psychological, social, and spiritual)., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Background: The coronavirus pandemic has increased the perceived stress among people worldwide. The new coronavirus issue has recently put nursing staff under severe stress., Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the stress perceived by nurses in caring for new coronavirus patients., Methods: This qualitative conventional content analysis was conducted from February and March 2021. Twelve nurses working in the inpatient care wards for COVID-19 patients in Tehran hospitals were enrolled using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews and collection continued until reaching data saturation. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, reviewed and analysed using the Graneheim and Lundman method., Results: One main category, five categories and 19 sub-categories emerged from the data. The nurses experienced 'the process of transition from unknown conditions'. Caregiving stress, impression on all aspects of life, COVID as a strange disease, stress caused by patient characteristics and stress reduction over time were issues in the formation of stress in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19., Conclusions: The findings indicated that nurses caring for COVID-19 patients experience varying levels of stress for a variety of interrelated reasons. Knowing how nurses perceive the stress of caring for patients with COVID-19 can aid in the development of practical steps to reduce stress and make nurses more comfortable., Competing Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2022.)

Background: Dignified care is one of the main objectives of holistic care. Furthermore, paying attention to dignity as one of the fundamental rights of patients is extremely important. However, in many cases, the dignity of hospitalized patients is not considered. Dignity is an abstract concept, and comprehensive studies of the dignity of Iranian patients hospitalized in general hospital settings are limited., Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the concept of dignity from the perspective of patients hospitalized in general hospital settings in Iran., Research Design: This study takes a qualitative approach. Data were gathered using individual, semi-structured interviews. Qualitative content analysis was the method used to analyse and interpret the data. The criteria suggested by Guba and Lincoln were used ensure the trustworthiness of the study., Participants and Research Context: A total of 14 hospitalized patients in general hospital settings in Shiraz participated in this study., Ethical Considerations: The Research Ethics Committee of the Shiraz University of Medical Sciences approved the protocol of the study and the ethical principles were followed throughout., Findings: The findings of this study revealed four main themes - 'respectful atmosphere', 'patient privacy', 'preservation of authority' and 'receiving attention' - and 10 categories., Discussion: Patients need to be hospitalized in a respectable environment in which their privacy is preserved and paid attention, providing them with sufficient authority in terms of medical decisions and their life-related issues. The dignity of hospitalized patients will be preserved under these conditions., Conclusion: Patients hospitalized in general hospital settings need to retain their dignity. This can contribute to the optimal therapeutic outcomes for them. Therefore, it is suggested that a cultural, professional and institutional background, in which all components of the patient's dignity are protected and emphasized, should be provided.

Background: Moral distress is a growing problem for healthcare professionals that may lead to dissatisfaction, resignation, or occupational burnout if left unattended, and nurses experience different levels of this phenomenon., Objectives: This study aims to investigate the factor structure of the Persian version of the Moral Distress Scale-Revised in intensive care and general nurses., Research Design: This methodological research was conducted with 771 nurses from eight hospitals in the Mazandaran Province of Iran in 2017. Participants completed the Moral Distress Scale-Revised, data collected, and factor structure assessed using the construct, convergent, and divergent validity methods. The reliability of the scale was assessed using internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, Theta, and McDonald's omega coefficients) and construct reliability., Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences., Findings: The exploratory factor analysis ( N = 380) showed that the Moral Distress Scale-Revised has five factors: lack of professional competence at work, ignoring ethical issues and patient conditions, futile care, carrying out the physician's orders without question and unsafe care, and providing care under personal and organizational pressures, which explained 56.62% of the overall variance. The confirmatory factor analysis ( N = 391) supported the five-factor solution and the second-order latent factor model. The first-order model did not show a favorable convergent and divergent validity. Ultimately, the Moral Distress Scale-Revised was found to have a favorable internal consistency and construct reliability., Discussion and Conclusion: The Moral Distress Scale-Revised was found to be a multidimensional construct. The data obtained confirmed the hypothesis of the factor structure model with a latent second-order variable. Since the convergent and divergent validity of the scale were not confirmed in this study, further assessment is necessary in future studies.