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The apparatus of social reproduction describes the process by which knowledge production contributes to oppressive conditions. This article explains and defines this process through the application of a critical theoretical lens informed the Foucauldian concept of apparatus or dispositif and social reproduction as developed by feminist activists and intellectuals. This process has a notable influence on the political economic conditions of transgender women, conditions that include disproportionate reliance on the use of criminalized economies such as sex work. Social workers inadvertently influence this process through an overreliance on broad categorizations for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer populations, which impede our ability to adequately assess such complex oppressive social relationships. Increasing the profession’s familiarity and competence with critical theory is necessary to reduce our participation in such processes and identify effective interventions for this population. Presenting a review of social work literature and a discussion of the proposed lens, the following seeks to illuminate the apparatus of social reproduction and explain how broad social categorization of transgender women is problematic. The authors recommend the adoption of the proposed lens as a tool social workers can use to better assess their research and practice and better understand the complexities of power and exploitation.

Prior to the emergence of modern criticism the Gospel of Mark was almost totally neglected. In the patristic period it was so thoroughly overshadowed by the Gospel of Matthew that in the late fifth century Victor of Antioch complained of the total absence of commentaries on Mark. To supply what was lacking Victor made a compilation from earlier exegetical writings of Origen, Titus of Bostra, Theodore of Mopsuestia, Chrysostom and Cyril of Alexandria, who had commented incidentally on Mark in the course of their expositions of Matthew, Luke, and John. The venerable Bede prepared a commentary on Mark in the eighth century, and there were isolated attempts to expound the Gospel in the Middle Ages and after the Reformation. The rarity of ancient commentaries on the Gospel reflected the commonly received opinion that Mark was only an abstract of Matthew. This persuasion was scarcely challenged until the nineteenth century, when the conviction that Mark provided the key for solving the Synoptic problem introduced the period of modern criticism.

Techniques and procedures were developed for cataloging, indexing, and storing information concerning diverse music education materials in a computer-assisted information retrieval system. Indexing procedures and bibliographic file formats were developed, and a data base of 830 documents was created. One subject area was indexed for content and a thesaurus of descriptors developed for it. The subfile so indexed consisted of 107 documents. Searches were made of the data base, with completely accurate results demonstrating that many different types of music education materials can be efficiently manipulated in a computer-assisted information retrieval system.

A technique has been developed to'provide measurement of tactical decision-making performance. A comprehensibe mathematical model of the system provides an estimate of the system's effectiveness with regard to accomplishing specific interim and ultimate training and tactical objectives. The effectiveness estimate is based on particular system and situation parameters. The relationship between the operator/trainee's behavior and changes in the system parameters enables the system effectiveness values to provide a relative measure of human performance.

Although the use of the guitar in general music classes has increased significantly in the past few years, most of the available guitar materials do not actively involve the student in learning the basic fundamentals of music; rather, the guitar is presented as a performance instrument. For instance, the student is shown where to place his fingers to form a G chord, but he has no concept of what a major triad is or what tones must be sounded to produce a particular chord. For my general music classes at Clarke Middle School in Athens, Georgia, I have developed a conceptual approach. I begin by giving my students only the basic information about the tuning and the mechanism of the guitar. We use no textbook or guitar exercises; instead, each student creates his own instructional materials.

SummaryNeoplastic transformation of rat embryo cells in vitro by Rauscher leukemia virus (RLV) is reported. Rat embryo cells infected initially with RLV have replicated infectious virus and produced complement-fixing (CF) antigen characteristic of the murine leukemia-sarcoma virus complex for more than 18 months. Cells from these cultures underwent neoplastic transformation in vitro and produced tumors when injected into homologous hosts. The tumors were serially transplantable, and subsequent transplants continued to carry the initial RLV and to yield CF antigen.The authors wish to thank Mr. H. C. Turner, National Institutes of Health, for supervising CF tests, and Mrs. Ersell S. Richardson and Mrs. M. H. Joglekar for excellent technical assistance. We are also grateful to Dr. L. Rabstein, Microbiological Associates, Inc., for histological examination of tumors.

SummaryNeoplastic transformation of rat embryo cells in vitro by an osteosarcoma (FBJ) virus is reported. Foci of transformed cells consisted largely of spindle-shaped cells which stained vividly with acridine orange. The transformed cells produced virus and complement-fixing (CF) antigen characteristic of the murine leukemia-sarcoma virus complex. Tumors were produced when transformed cells were injected into newborn mice and rats. The mouse tumors had the histologic pattern of osteosarcoma, which was transmissible in cell-free passages in newborn mice. Cell-free extracts of the mouse tumors also produced transformed foci in vitro. The rat rumors were undifferentiated sarcomas, also yielding virus and CF antigens.

SummaryAmantadine hydrochloride (1 adamantanamine hydrochloride), a compound reported to be active against influenza viruses and Rous sarcoma viruses, inhibited the in vitro cellular transformation induced by Murine sarcoma viruses. The antiviral activity is not due to direct inactivation of the virus.