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We examined self-directed studying of students in an introductory (Study 1) and upper-level (Study 2) psychology course. Students reported their study behaviors for Exam 1 and 2, and wrote Exam 2 study plans. In both studies, students planned to and ultimately did use more active strategies for Exam 2 than Exam 1. However, they struggled to follow through on plans to space studying over time. In Study 1, we also found that greater use of active strategies (e.g., retrieval practice) was associated with higher exam scores when controlling for factors such as study time. Our findings highlight that students across course levels are interested in changing their study behaviors and we note implications for instructors.

The Joint Commission on Correctional Manpower and Train ing, a nongovernmental organization with a membership of more than eighty-five national and regional organizations, has been designated to carry out the intent of the Correctional Rehabilita tion Study Act of 1965 by making an objective survey of correc tional manpower and training needs and resources throughout the nation. This article describes the formation of the Joint Commission, outlines its structure, and discusses its proposed study plan. It lists the kinds of information to be gathered by the Commission and describes the Commission's catalytic role. Among other things, the Commission plans to initiate action to overcome manpower shortages and to examine educational pro grams for correctional personnel.