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Since March 2020, families across the United States have faced challenges due to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic and its subsequent restrictions. Although some experts have voiced concern over the impact of COVID-19 on family well-being, few studies have been conducted thus far. This study utilized n = 250 responses from an online survey that was administered between May and June 2020 to gauge family stress and resilience among mothers of children ages 0 to 5 during the pandemic. Adverse childhood experiences were negatively associated with parental resilience among this sample. Furthermore, frequency of child care was positively linked to protective factors and resilience. Implications for practice, policy, and research are discussed, with a particular focus on the role of child care and school openings during the pandemic.

Mental health concerns related to the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting economic and societal changes are an important matter of public health. We examined the state-level association between new cases of COVID-19 reported and mental health, as measured through Google search trends, on a daily basis. Our analyses indicate a significant positive association, such that increases in mental health Google searches should be expected on days when relatively more new cases of COVID-19 are announced. The overall effect and state-level variation were analyzed via a multi-level model and full results are included here. Implications and public policy suggestions are discussed.

Purpose The management of forearm fractures in children represents a significant part of paediatric orthopaedic practice. Recently, the manipulation of such fractures has been performed, where appropriate, under procedural sedation in the emergency room, using ketamine anaesthesia. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of forearm fracture reduction under procedural sedation in children. Methods A pilot retrospective study comparing closed forearm fractures treated at our institution in the years 1995 and 2003 were undertaken. Radiological outcome in terms of residual angulation and displacement were determined at each clinic visit. Results In 1995, before procedural sedation was used, 145 forearm fractures were managed in the operating room, and in 2003 out of the 134 forearm fractures requiring reduction, 74 were managed with procedural sedation in the emergency department. The mean waiting time for reduction under general anaesthesia was 522 minutes (range 60-1465) while the mean waiting time for procedural sedation was 236 minutes (range 45-1030). Thirteen patients (33%) had to wait overnight for reduction under general anaesthesia and 6 patients (8.3%) waited overnight for procedural sedation. Mean true angulation was similar in both groups, 26.9 degrees (range 6-70) for the procedural sedation group and 27.5 degrees (range 8.5-63) for the general anaesthesia group. Conclusions There was no difference in clinical or radiological outcome between those fractures reduced under procedural sedation and those reduced under general anaesthesia in the operating room. Procedural sedation proved to be an effective method of managing paediatric forearm fractures requiring reduction.

A group of forty-six preschool children, ages five and six, who were recipients of well-child examinations, were surveyed by a trained person without parents or teacher present. Subjects were shown eight pictorial representations of drug abuse, alcohol abuse, smoking, over-eating, tooth brushing, exercising, wearing a seat belt, and violence towards others. Each child was asked to identify each health-related behavior; explain its health implication; state whether they currently practiced or planned to engage in the behavior in the future; and identify their source of knowledge. All children could identify at least some of the behaviors and relate some health benefits or hazards of the behavior. Parents and television were the primary sources of knowledge. This study suggests that preschool children may be a suitable target population for substance abuse and other health-related education, since awareness of these behaviors was very high in the group of children studied here.

Recent studies cast doubt on whether there is a significant association between parents' dependency traits and drug habits in their offspring. Reported here is a survey of 1,091 young males in the U.S. Army. The reported occurrence of parents' alcohol consumption, smoking, use of stimulants and sedatives, and overeating were compared among abusers and non-users of hashish, amphetamines and opiates. The only parental trait that showed as much as a 20 per cent difference in occurrence between abusers and non-users was use of stimulants and sedatives by parents of opiate abusers. This study indicates that parental dependency traits may have less relationship to drug habits in their offspring than previously believed.