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Prior self-validation hypothesis studies suggest that an individual’s attitude toward advertising is affected by the cognitive processing of the message and the valence of emotion. Yet, the effect of emotional arousal and stimulus credibility on attitudes toward a destination has not been discerned. This study employs the self-validation hypothesis to investigate the effect of the three dimensions of thinking on attitudes toward Iran. Participants (N = 416) were randomly assigned to a two (high vs. low arousal) × two (high vs. low source credibility) experiment. The partial least squares multigroup analysis results indicated that the emotionally arousing stimulus led to a greater influence of the amount and confidence of thought on attitudes. The effect of the amount of thought on attitude was greater in response to a credible stimulus. This research advances knowledge by revealing that emotional arousal has a significant positive impact on three dimensions of thinking and positive attitudes. Refereed/Peer-reviewed

This study applies a relationship perspective to study tourism crisis management and resilience. Despite the growing academic interest in crisis management, few studies have examined how tourism businesses utilise their networks as a crisis management strategy. This research uses a multi-case study design and longitudinal data collection to study the effects of a natural disaster on tourism businesses in Lombok, Indonesia. Results indicate that the characteristics and capabilities of individual tourism business actors and their networking behaviour affected the speed of their recovery. Networks can be used as a strategic tool and business recovery is improved by strengthening network resilience.

This article examines how real-time emotions elicited by advertisements affect post-viewing judgments, with the goal of determining whether the key moments of real-time emotions lead to enhanced global retrospective judgments. Facial electromyography (EMG) was used to measure objective and unbiased moment-to-moment emotions. One hundred and one participants watched three destination advertisements while their real-time facial EMG data and self-report ratings were collected. The results demonstrate that tourism consumers’ average, peak, and end emotional experiences are correlated with their post-viewing attitude toward the advertisement. However, this study does not provide additional support for superiority of the peak and end moments in driving global retrospective evaluations in tourism advertising. The study advances our understanding of how consumers evaluate tourism advertisements based on more objective physiological data and extends the literature on key moments and retrospective evaluations. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.

This study provides evidence that hotels could reap benefits by including social justice notions of equity and fairness in their corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. The study develops a novel conceptual model for understanding perceived social justice in the context of COVID-19 quarantine hotels based on social exchange theory. Data was collected using an online survey of 465 hotel customers, with results analyzed using structural equation modeling and bootstrap analysis. The results show that perceived CSR is a significant antecedent of brand loyalty and identification while perceived social justice mediates this relationship. Further, most human values, except the openness to change, were found to moderate the mediated relationship between perceived CSR and brand loyalty and identification through their interaction with perceived social justice. In general, the mediating effect of perceived social justice was stronger when the hotel customers scored higher on human value dimensions. Theoretical and practical implications are also discussed.

Tourist marketers rely heavily on using visual stimuli in their advertising to attract attention and improve awareness and interest of their experience. This study used eye-tracking and self-reported recall methods to investigate online tourism advertisement effectiveness based on the hierarchy of effects model. A within-subjects experimental design ( n = 30) was used to examine mock advertisements (stimuli) containing various combinations of image, text and product price. Results show that the advertisement containing both image and price was least effective, while the stimuli with text and price were most effective in capturing the respondent’s attention. Advertising consisting of image, text and price generated the best recall. There were significant differences in results based on gender, task and experience.

This study examines Chinese outbound leisure travel motivation using a two-stage means-end chain (MEC) approach. In-depth interviews ( n = 60) using a soft-laddering method followed by a hard-laddering survey ( n = 600) with experienced Chinese outbound leisure travellers allowed culturally specific motivations for travel to be identified, based on 48 items at attribute, consequence and value levels. Six dominant MECs were identified. These findings provide a non-Western structure to the subtleties and salient dimensions of traveller motivation.

This study investigates the influence of emotional responses evoked by destination television advertisements on three common variables of interest when assessing tourism advertising effectiveness: attitude toward the advertisement, postexposure destination attitude and visit intention. In particular, this study used a combination of self-report and psychophysiological measures of emotion and explored the consistency between these two measurement techniques. A total of 101 participants were exposed to 18 existing destination commercials while their real-time psychophysiological responses and self-report data were collected. The results show that the influence of ad-evoked emotions on tourism advertising effectiveness varied according to the way emotion was measured. The effects of pleasure on tourism advertising effectiveness were much weaker when pleasure was measured physiologically than when self-report measures were used. Physiological arousal, however, was not found to be a significant indicator of advertising effectiveness. The results highlight the importance of valid and reliable measurement of emotion and raise concern over the possible overestimation of the relationship between self-reported emotional responses and advertising effectiveness.

This article describes a research agenda for investigating the relationship between tourism and the Chinese Dream, informed by the G20 First East-West Dialogue on Tourism and the Chinese Dream held in late 2014 on Australia’s Gold Coast. Six themes comprise this agenda, including (1) clarification of the “Chinese Dream” construct, (2) connections between the Dream, tourism and consumers, (3) geopolitical considerations, (4) conventional Triple Bottom Line sustainability considerations, (5) tourism and nontourism systems as open states, and (6) hybrid research perspectives. All themes are permeated by an implicit seventh theme of rapid change.

This study examines the travel motivation of Chinese outbound tourists at the levels of attribute, consequence and values based on means-end chain (MEC) theory and its associated laddering technique. In-depth interviews with respondents were analysed to identify six key MECs. The two major travel motivation chains are (1) respondents visit destinations that are ‘famous’ or have a ‘good environment’ because they value ‘the beauty of nature’ and ‘pleasure’ and (2) respondents want to visit ‘different’ destinations, because they value experiences and knowledge. These results illustrate the use of MEC theory in understanding travel markets and demonstrate the use of motivation chains as the basis for segmenting the Chinese market. The research findings contribute to the travel motivation literature by identifying directed, hierarchically organized motivation structures with interconnected levels of attributes, consequences and values. Further marketing and product development implications are provided to help attract this emerging market.

This study investigates the relationship between perceived brand fit and intention to purchase in the context of a co-branded hotel-restaurant. In particular it examines if co-branding of a hotel in a Thai hotel chain with an independently owned theme restaurant stimulates intention to purchase among hotel guests. This study was conducted using a survey of hotel guests in public areas on the hotel premises. Data regarding guest perceptions of brand fit was analysed using multiple regression and the chi-square test. The findings indicate that two components of perceived brand fit, namely perceived fit (overall) and complementary fit (in terms of product usage and product goals), are statistically significant and positively related to intention to purchase. Theoretical conclusions regarding a co-branding model are discussed and managerial implications for development of an appropriate hotel-restaurant co-branding marketing strategy are provided.

Restaurants affiliated with the hotel industry play an important role increasing revenue and responding effectively to customer expectations. The purpose of this article is to examine how perceived value relates to intention to purchase in a context of hotel restaurant dining. A quantitative approach involving multiple regression analysis sheds light on the effects and role of perceived value in terms of consumption. The findings indicate three key components remain statistically significant and positively contribute to intention to purchase: perceived brand image, perceived quality and perceived sacrifice (both monetary and non-monetary). In this study numerous theoretical implications are invoked for models of perceived value as they relate to intention to purchase and hotel restaurant dining. These implications are essential in developing effective practical strategies for hotel and restaurant management in the hotel restaurant industry.

This paper reports on a research project that examines the use of yield as a performance indicator for destination management. It reviews the history, definitions and use of yield and yield management in hospitality and transport businesses and then examines how these ideas have been transferred to the literature of tourism destinations. A series of recommendations on usage of the term ‘yield’ are provided.

This paper examines issues encountered when developing new tourism services generally, and specific aspects relating to the development of remote area dinosaur fossil fields for tourism. It studies two sites, one in the USA and one in Australia. Access to both sites is by minor roads, and both sites are characterised by long drives separating the sites from small communities that offer limited infrastructure and few other attractions for visitors. In both areas, however, tourism is seen as one of the few possible ways to sustain existing communities in the face of declining primary-industry-based employment. In general, tourists visiting these areas are on touring holidays of two weeks’ duration or more where the attraction is the general attributes of the region as well as to a lesser extent their interest in dinosaur fossils. These provide a potential resource for remote-region economic development through commodification as a new tourism attraction. Development of dinosaur fossil finds as a tourism resource is conceptualised here as new service development. Developing new tourism services, especially in remote regions, is challenging and has not been well examined in the tourism literature. The new service development process used in this case study first examines the characteristics of the existing tourists travelling through the region. The characteristics of a number of potential market segments currently interested in dinosaur fossils were then examined and contrasted with the existing market. This is conceptualised on a specialist-generalist spectrum of interest in fossils. A study of the tourist service features associated with dinosaur fossil tourism in remote regions of the USA was conducted, leading to the identification of a number of possible incremental development opportunities. The paper then takes a strategic approach to examining potential new tourism service development related to dinosaur fossils in remote regions of Queensland, Australia. In particular, it describes use of information about existing services in similar regions as the basis for ideas about development as well as comparison between existing and potential markets.