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The study presents the iterative process of the adaption and psychometric properties evaluation of the Work Environment/Support/Encouragement section of the Revised Casey-Fink Nurse Retention Survey © (2009) to measure the work environment of public health nurses (PHNs). This secondary data analysis was based on data collected from a convenience sample of 596 PHNs across North Carolina that were originally used to study PHNs workforce retention. Classical test theory analyses were used to evaluate scale reliability and identify potential problematic items that were further examined from a substantive perspective using content validity survey. Confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were performed to evaluate the construct validity and assist further development of the scale. Analyses suggest a three-factor structure for the retained 19-item scale including managerial support, professional nursing role, and recognition, with reliability ranging from alpha of .859 to .959.

Introduction: Health disparities persist among African Americans (AAs) and Latino adults with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this research was to use PhotoVoice to examine AAs and Latinos' daily experiences of managing diabetes., Method: An exploratory, descriptive study using PhotoVoice and focus groups was conducted over a 3-week period: Week 1 orientation session, Week 2 photo taking and returning cameras, and Week 3 focus group to share and discuss photos., Results: Ten AAs and nine Latino adults were enrolled, forming four focus groups. Four categories emerged: (1) daily life living with type 2 diabetes mellitus, (2) negative and positive emotions, (3) supports and barriers, and (4) needs. The social determinants of health influencing diabetes self-care were observed in discussions and photos-this included the built environment to promote a healthy lifestyle, social support, and education., Implications: PhotoVoice promotes culturally congruent care to better understand AA and Latinos' experience living with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Smart Choice Health Insurance© is a consumer education program based on the definition and emerging measurement of health insurance literacy and a review of literature and appropriate theoretical frameworks. An interdisciplinary team of financial and health educators was formed to develop and pilot the program, with the goal of reducing confusion and increasing confidence in the consumer's ability to make a smart health insurance decision. Educators in seven states, certified to teach the program, conducted workshops for 994 consumers. Results show statistically significant evidence of increased health insurance literacy, confidence, and capacity to make a smart choice health insurance choice. Discussion centers on the impact the program had on specific groups, next steps to reach a larger audience, and implications for educators, consumers, and policymakers nationwide., (© 2015 Society for Public Health Education.)