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Nasal hemangiomas most commonly occur in the anterior part of the nose, including the Little's area of the nasal septum, the anterior tip of the inferior nasal turbinate, and the vestibule. They rarely develop in the posterior part of the inferior nasal turbinate and meatus. Here, we report a case of cavernous hemangioma at the posterior aspect of the left inferior meatus in a 79-year-old man who presented with epistaxis and progressive nasal obstruction for 4 months after blowing his nose forcefully and review the relevant literature. An endoscopic evaluation revealed a dark red mass in the posterior part of the left inferior meatus that did not extend to the posterior choana or nasopharynx. The tumor was removed with endoscopic surgery under general anesthesia. No recurrence was observed during a 2-year follow-up. Our experience suggests that forceful nose blowing is a traumatic stimulus that can lead to hemangiomas arising in the posterior nasal cavity in rare instances., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Objectives: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is influenced by many factors, and its reported incidence rate varies widely. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence and risk factors for urinary retention following general anesthesia for endoscopic nasal surgery in male patients aged >60 years., Methods: A retrospective review of medical records between January 2015 and December 2019 identified 253 patients for inclusion in our study. Age, body mass index (BMI), a history of diabetes/hypertension, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, and urologic history were included as patient-related factors. Urologic history was subdivided into 3 groups according to history of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH)/lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and current medication. The following was analyzed as perioperative variables for POUR development: duration of anesthesia and surgery; amount of fluid administered; rate of fluid administration; intraoperative requirement for fentanyl, ephedrine, and dexamethasone; postoperative pain; and analgesic use. Preoperatively measured prostate size and uroflowmetry parameters of patients on medication for symptoms were compared according to the incidence of urinary retention., Results: Thirty-seven (15.7%) patients developed POUR. Age (71.4 vs 69.6 years), BMI (23.9 vs 24.9 kg/m 2 ), a history of diabetes/hypertension, ASA classification, and perioperative variables were not significantly different between patients with and without POUR. Only urologic history was identified as a factor affecting the occurrence of POUR ( P = .03). The incidence rate among patients without urologic issues was 5.9%, whereas that among patients with BPH/LUTS history was 19.8%. Among patients taking medication for symptoms, the maximal and average velocity of urine flow were significantly lower in patients with POUR., Conclusions: General anesthesia for endoscopic nasal surgery may be a potent trigger for urinary retention in male patients aged >60 years. The patient's urological history and urinary conditions appear to affect the occurrence of POUR., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Actinomycosis is common in the head and neck region but rarely occurs in the nasal septum. A 75-year-old male patient with an edentulous maxilla, hypertension, and diabetes developed actinomycosis confined to the nasal septum and showed mucosal necrosis and septal bony sequestration. The patient underwent surgery and medication therapy; this case was reported using endoscopic photographs and radiographs and a literature review was conducted to provide further context and understanding of the condition of the patient., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Lipomas are the most common soft tissue lesions occurring in the salivary glands but have a very low incidence. Lipomas commonly occur in the parotid gland, and lipomas in the submandibular gland (SMG) are rare. Until recently, ordinary lipomas of the parotid gland and some variants of lipomas of the SMG have been reported. However, few reports of ordinary lipomas occurring within the SMG exist in the literature. We report an extremely rare case of ordinary lipoma within the right SMG of a 65-year-old man. The tumor measured a 2.0 × 1.8 × 2.7 cm, was a well-capsulated homogenous yellow mass, which was composed of mature adipose tissue. A partially mixed area with salivary gland tissue was observed. There has not been much research on lipomatous tumors from the SMG because of their rareness. Most lipomatous tumors in the parotid gland are known as ordinary lipomas, but more research is needed to determine whether they can be applied to the SMG. Thus, this report will be instrumental in the understanding of lipomatous tumors of the SMG.