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In December 2016, Hawai‘i saw its last sugar harvest on a 36,000-acre plantation in Maui. In the preceding decades, Native Hawaiians had struggled to regain their water rights from a failing sugar industry that had dewatered the island's streams for centuries. Now, with the end of sugar, Native Hawaiian and environmental groups are working to restore traditional practices and diversified agriculture—goals which hinge upon changing water management practices and rewatering Maui's streams. In this paper we combine frameworks from the water justice literature with a just transitions framework typically applied to energy landscapes in order to examine ‘just water transitions’ in Maui. By synthesizing these frameworks, we show how water-based economic transitions can address the tradeoffs and reconfigurations of infrastructure and power required for a more just future. We examine three distinct visions of water management promoted by coalitions of actors in support of different types of agricultural production systems for the island. We argue that a just water transition – that is, a move toward a more culturally, politically, and ecologically just management of water – must engage with water-specific, place-specific, and historically grounded factors including the legacies of infrastructure, water laws, and powerful agricultural interests.

Study Design: Retrospective case series; systematic review. Objective: It is unknown whether the use of virtual surgical planning (VSP) to facilitate same-admission microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible following acute maxillofacial ballistic trauma (MBT) is sufficient to achieve definitive reconstruction and functional occlusion. Methods: A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted for patients who underwent microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible using VSP after acute MBT. The PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were systematically reviewed using blinded screening. Studies were evaluated via thematic analysis. Results: Five patients were treated by same-admission and microsurgical reconstruction of the mandible using VSP. We observed an average of 16.4 ± 9.1 days between initial presentation and reconstruction, an average length of stay of 51.6 ± 17.9 days, 6.2 ± 2.8 operations, and 1.6 ± 0.9 free flaps per patient. Four types and 8 total flaps were employed, most commonly the anterior lateral thigh flap (37.5%). Care yielded complete flap survival. Each patient experienced at least 1 minor complication. All patients achieved centric occlusion, oral nutrition, and an approximation of their baseline facial aesthetic. Follow up was 191.0 ± 183.9 weeks. Systematic review produced 8 articles that adhered to inclusion criteria. Consensus themes in the literature were found for clinical goal and function of VSP when practicing MBT reconstruction, yet disagreement was found surrounding optimal treatment timeline. Conclusions: Same-admission microsurgical reconstruction after MBT is safe and effective to re-establish mandibular form and function. VSP did not delay reconstruction, given the need for preparation prior to definitive reconstruction.

Objective: Multicenter data from 2 decades ago demonstrated that critically ill and injured patients spending more than 6 hours in the emergency department (ED) before transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) had higher mortality rates. A contemporary analysis of ED length of stay in critically injured patients at American College of Surgeons’ Trauma Quality Improvement Program (ACS-TQIP) centers was performed to test whether prolonged ED length of stay is still associated with mortality. Methods: This was an observational cohort study of critically injured patients admitted directly to ICU from the ED in ACS-TQIP centers from 2010-2015. Spending more than 6 hours in the ED was defined as prolonged ED length of stay. Patients with prolonged ED length of stay were matched to those with non-prolonged ED length of stay and mortality was compared. Main Results: A total of 113,097 patients were directly admitted from the ED to the ICU following injury. The median ED length of stay was 167 minutes. Prolonged ED length of stay occurred in 15,279 (13.5%) of patients. Women accounted for 29.4% of patients with prolonged ED length of stay but only 25.8% of patients with non-prolonged ED length of stay, P < 0.0001. Mortality rates were similar after matching—4.5% among patients with prolonged ED length of stay versus 4.2% among matched controls. Multivariable logistic regression of the matched cohorts demonstrated prolonged ED length of stay was not associated with mortality. However, women had higher adjusted mortality compared to men Odds Ratio = 1.41, 95% Confidence Interval 1.28 -1.61, P < 0.0001. Conclusion: Prolonged ED length of stay is no longer associated with mortality among critically injured patients. Women are more likely to have prolonged ED length of stay and mortality.

Collaboration between Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) scholars and Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) scholars is crucial to efficiently advance and disseminate nursing science. Also, DNP-PhD collaboration can help achieve priorities outlined in the recent National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) Strategic Plan. The purpose of this series of case studies is to describe exemplars of ongoing DNP-PhD collaborations across three NINR-funded trials (1 completed, 2 ongoing) testing physical activity interventions for women at risk for cardiovascular disease. In our three physical activity intervention trials for women, we categorized examples of DNP-PhD collaboration by the four phases of the team-based research model (development, conceptualization, implementation, and translation). Across all three trials, DNP and PhD scholars contributed successfully to all phases of research in an iterative manner. Future work should focus on expanding DNP-PhD collaboration in behavioral trials, which can inform adapted, contemporary models of iterative DNP-PhD collaboration.

The expansion of charter schools continues to be one of the most hotly debated topics in American K–12 education. Through the use of in-depth interviews, this article explores the perceptions of charter schools among middle-class African American parents in Albany, NY, who have largely chosen traditional, city public schools over city charter schools. Findings reveal that the majority of parents disliked charter schools in that they connected them with the corporate/business model of education visible in the trend toward neoliberalism. Their critiques centered on three broad categories: skepticism of their academic quality, political or philosophical objections to charter schools, and a dislike of charter schools’ policies. This article concludes with limitations of the data and suggestions for future research.

This study presents a high-level, strategic assessment of the long-range implications of Oregon’s current forecast budget for highways. The current highway budget is insufficient to meet current state goals with respect to transportation system condition, requiring the Oregon Department of Transportation (ODOT) to prepare for strategic investment decisions. ODOT must conceive new ways to develop the most efficient use and management of facilities while accepting lower performance standards, shifted use of deteriorating facilities, and the need to allocate resources to priority locations.The Oregon Statewide Integrated Model was used to evaluate three hypothetical scenarios over a 20-year period, representing investment strategies implemented with budget increases and compared with the current 20-year forecast budget. The purpose of the analysis was to evaluate the potential impact of highway disinvestment on Oregon’s economic competitiveness. The primary focus was on bridges, as over half of Oregon’s bridges are nearing the end of their life cycle. Weight-restricted bridges significantly impact the cost of moving freight in Oregon, where over 70% of freight moves by truck. In addition, registered passenger vehicle records were used to estimate the impacts of deteriorating pavement conditions on Oregon highway users.

Diabetes disproportionately affects racial and ethnic minorities, rural, and impoverished populations. This case study describes the program components and key lessons learned from implementing Vivir Mejor! (Live Better!), a diabetes prevention and management program tailored for the rural, Mexican American population. The program used workforce innovations and multisector partnerships to engage and activate a rural, mostly Hispanic population. Community health worker (CHW) roles were designed to reach and support distinct populations. Promotoras focused exclusively on health education and patient navigators individually coached patients with chronic disease management issues for the high-risk patient population. To extend diabetes health education to the broader community in Santa Cruz County, promotoras trained lay leaders to become peer educators. Multisector partnerships allowed the program to offer health and social services around diabetes care. The partners also supported provider engagement through continuing education workshops and digital story screening to encourage referrals to the program. Multisector partnerships, including partnering with critical access hospitals, for diabetes management and prevention, as well as using different types of CHWs to implement programs that target high- and low-risk populations are innovative and valuable components of the Vivir Mejor! model.

Objective: A recent report identified the small molecule kartogenin as a chondrogenic and chondroprotective agent. Since changes in hyaluronan metabolism occur during cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis, we began studies to determine whether there was a connection between extracellular hyaluronan, CD44–hyaluronan interactions and the effects of kartogenin on articular chondrocytes. Methods: Chondrocytes cultured in monolayers, bioengineered neocartilages, or cartilage explants were treated with kartogenin with or without stimulation by IL-1β. Accumulation of matrix was visualized by a particle exclusion assay or by safranin O staining and release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans was determined. Production of aggrecanases and aggrecan G1-ITEGE neoepitope, fragmentation of CD44 and the SMAD1/5/8 signaling pathway were evaluated by western blotting. Results: Kartogenin treatment enhanced chondrocyte pericellular matrix assembly and retention in the presence of IL-1β. The chondroprotective effects of kartogenin on IL-1β-induced release of sulfated glycosaminoglycans from articular cartilage explants, reduction in safranin O staining of neocartilage discs as well as a reduction in aggrecan G1-ITEGE neoepitope in chondrocyte and explant cartilage cultures were observed. Kartogenin partially blocked the IL-1β-induced increased expression of ADAMTS-5. Additionally, kartogenin-treated articular chondrocytes exhibited a decrease in CD44 proteolytic fragmentation. However, kartogenin treatment did not enhance proteoglycan in control, non-IL-1β-treated cultures. Similarly, kartogenin enhanced the SMAD1 phosphorylation but only following pretreatment with IL-1β. Conclusion: These studies provide novel information on the chondroprotective function of kartogenin in adult articular cartilage. The effects of kartogenin are significant after activation of chondrocytic chondrolysis, which may occur following disruption of homeostasis maintained by hyaluronan–CD44 interactions.

This study began with an interest in how long-term marital couples are able to maintain stability in light of changing social and personal contexts. Using a qualitative grounded theory method as a part of an ongoing study of how couples manage the tension between ideals of partnership and stability over time, 21 couples were selected by theoretical sampling. Participants had to be living together for at least 10 years, with an oldest child at least aged 6. Flexibility—a dyadic process involving how partners adjust to and are influenced by each other, situations, environments, and life changes—emerged as a key component enabling couples to maintain marital stability. This analysis focuses on three processes that seem to influence couples’ ability to maintain flexibility in their relationships: (a) mutual decision making, (b) mutual accommodation regarding household tasks, and (c) mutual giving of personal time. Demonstrating these was associated with a focus on the relationship.

Blunt cerebrovascular injury is a rare but catastrophic injury. Screening for blunt cerebrovascular injury after high-impact mechanism remains ill-defined but several associated lesions have been identified as high risk for concomitant blunt cerebrovascular injury and are used to prompt further investigation for early identification and intervention. We describe a case of a large cerebral infarction caused by a high cervical internal carotid dissection after a motorcycle collision. Upon presentation, the patient had a Glasgow coma scale of 14 and an open pelvic fracture, which was immediately addressed in the operating room. His subsequent imaging revealed a nasal fracture, bilateral rib fractures, bilateral pubic rami fractures and left acetabular fracture without evidence of traumatic brain injury, cervical spine injury or extensive facial fractures. After 48 h, he displayed a depressed sensorium and an abnormal pupillary exam. He was diagnosed by computed tomography angiogram with a carotid dissection resulting in a large infarct of the right hemisphere with herniation requiring emergent craniectomy. This case suggests screening for blunt cerebrovascular injury beyond the current recommendations especially in patients with high-impact mechanism.

Isolated subclavian artery arising from the pulmonary artery is exceedingly rare. Most cases are associated with other forms of congenital heart disease and typically present with subclavian or pulmonary steal syndromes. We report the case of a patient with pulmonary hypertension which masked the isolated subclavian artery, allowing it to masquerade as another common congenital heart lesion.

As connected vehicle (CV) research moves into deployment, metropolitan planning organizations; state, local, and transit agencies; and the private sector will start experiencing the effects of vehicles, aftermarket devices, mobile devices, and infrastructure with dedicated short-range wireless communications and other wireless connectivity at their cores. Like other states and regions, the Oregon Department of Transportation (DOT) could benefit from the preliminary scoping, evaluation, and assessment of the impact of CVs and infrastructure and a wide range of potential cooperative system applications. With this in mind, the Oregon DOT is determining whether to pursue the next phases of federal funding for CV applications. The Oregon DOT also wants to make an informed choice about taking a national leadership role in the CV arena and to assess opportunities to join projects with other partners. This paper describes the empirical results of a survey that, to assist the Oregon DOT in its assessment, was distributed to agency staff to gauge the perception of CV and automated vehicle (AV) technology. Most respondents had heard of this technology and were in favor of its application. However, many respondents had concerns about cybersecurity and the catastrophic consequences of system failure, and many respondents voiced concerns about the Oregon DOT’s preparedness for CVs or AVs. The Oregon DOT and other agencies can use these findings to help prepare for a better future with CVs and AVs.

A common call to action for addressing public health concerns of both obesity and hunger is improving access to and consumption of fruits and vegetables. Previous research has examined the nutritional merits of fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables. However, there are limited data on the cost-effectiveness of fresh compared with processed—that is, canned and frozen—food. This study examined the nutrition delivered in 8 common vegetables and 10 common fruits across multiple packaging options (fresh, frozen, and canned) relative to average costs. A method of scoring based on nutrient intake recommendations was used to calculate the nutrients per calorie, and average costs were obtained from the US Department of Agriculture’s Economic Research Service. Nutrient scores for the vegetables were similar across the 3 packaging options, whereas canned vegetables had a lower cost per edible cup compared with frozen and fresh. Nutrient scores were variable for the fruits across the 3 packaging options, and canned fruits were either lower or comparably priced per edible cup. The evidence from this study suggests that fruits and vegetables packaged as frozen or canned are cost-effective and nutritious options for meeting daily vegetable and fruit recommendations in the context of a healthy diet.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the lung that is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. Most infants who experience wheezing episodes also exhibit evidence of an ongoing respiratory viral infection. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in children and is a common cause of wheezing in infants and young children. In the past several decades, a number of studies have demonstrated a relationship between infants with severe RSV infections and the subsequent development of asthma later during childhood. This review provides an overview of data that suggests a severe RSV infection early in childhood is linked to development of asthma later in life. In addition, the current and potential future use of various animal models to gain additional insight into the relationship between RSV and asthma is discussed.

Using a case study of Saratoga Springs, NY, and the Saratoga Springs Open Space Project (OSP), this article explores how citizen-led land preservation organizations can form coalitions with diverse interests in pursuit “qualitative growth,” urban development reforms. Data come from in-depth interviews of key informants and extensive archival research. Focusing on both land preservation and downtown rehabilitation, the OSP was able to form broad coalitions of historic preservationists, downtown business interests, and developers to shift local development policy that would simultaneously promote in-fill downtown development while discouraging development at the fringe of the community. Though diverse and broad, many of the coalitions shifted, and different issues necessitated new coalition building activities. Furthermore, the continuing need to cultivate relationships with elected officials in a community of high political turnover brought challenges to the organization and the broader land management coalition. Finally, the limits of the OSP’s influence were witnessed by its lack of leverage over officials in neighboring communities and the contradictory development outcomes that ensued as a result of specific Not-in-my-backyard (NIMBY) decisions.

This article, by analyzing a major development initiative undertaken in upstate New York, seeks to broaden our understanding of a dominant model of economic development: industrial recruitment. Whereas prior studies have examined this model mainly within separate, individual communities, this article broadens the analysis to the regional level and examines how regional economic development organizations can help mediate local political fragmentation that can potentially undermine cross-jurisdictional economic development ventures. With this, we explore how these organizations can exploit the bonding and bridging social ties within and between communities to advance a project, the methods they employ to broaden cross-community consensus regarding a project, and how they can potentially mediate political conflict that may arise as a result of a development venture.

In some biomedical sciences, changes in patterns of collaboration and authorship have complicated the assignment of credit and responsibility for research. It is unclear if this problem of “promiscuous coauthorship” or “hyperauthorship” (defined as six or more authors) is also apparent in the applied research disciplines within sport and exercise science. This study documented the authorship and sampling of patterns of original research reports in three applied biomechanics ( Clinical Biomechanics, Journal of Applied Biomechanics, and Sports Biomechanics) and five similar subdisciplinary journals within sport and exercise science ( International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, Journal of Sport Rehabilitation, Journal of Teaching Physical Education, Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Sciences, and Motor Control). Original research reports from the 2009 volumes of these biomechanics and sport and exercise journals were reviewed. Single authorship of papers was rare (2.6%) in these journals, with the mean number of authors ranging from 2.7 to 4.5. Sample sizes and the ratio of sample to authors varied widely, and these variables tended not to be associated with number of authors. Original research reports published in these journals in 2009 tended to be published by small teams of collaborators, so currently there may be few problems with promiscuous coauthorship in these subdisciplines of sport and exercise science.

Few studies of marital equality have addressed the issue in a collectivist context. This grounded theory analysis examined movement toward gender equality among 12 dual-career Singaporean couples interviewed as newlyweds and interviewed again five years later when all had children. The analysis focused on the relational processes that reproduced gender patterns and those that undid them. Whether or not parenting was shared depended on four factors: (a) mutual prioritization of women’s careers; (b) fathers' willingness to restructure to actively engage in parenting; (c) conscious discussion of how to share parenting responsibility; and (d) availability of external support. Results suggest that to the extent that parenting is viewed as a shared family responsibility, the processes of gender equality may be somewhat different in collectivist contexts.

Fiber morphology has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of fiber/polymer composites. The performance of nine types of long wood fibers (initial aspect ratio of >40), two long agricultural fibers (initial aspect ratio of >40), and one short fiber wood flour (initial aspect ratio of = 5—10) are compared. The fibers were compounded in polypropylene in a Brabender mixer and subsequently injection molded. The longer natural fibers (both wood fibers and agricultural fibers) did not provide significant additional reinforcement when compared to the wood flour. The fibers were extracted from the final specimens and measured using a Fiber Quality Analyzer. They were found to be severely degraded by processing, while the wood flour morphology was only slightly modified. The degree of length degradation was found to be dependent on fiber strength.

The Arctic coast is a critical region for archaeologists to understand how fisheries have impacted hunter-gatherer development. The Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta in southwestern Alaska is an ideal social and natural environment for archaeologists to study contemporary fisheries activity and their soils signatures. Here we discuss our combined methodological approach to studying fisheries among Native Yup'ik communities with a specific focus on the ethnographic component of our research. We suggest that fisheries-focused research promises to inform current models of coastal adaptation and behavior.

Social harmony is a valued relational rule in collectivism. Using data from in-depth interviews with 20 Chinese American couples, the authors study how husbands and wives interpret and negotiate marital harmony within a multicultural context and how gender relates to this process. Although all participants appear to seek harmony, the result indicates two quite different forms. Structural harmony is based on traditional social norms that emphasize obligation to the whole. Relational harmony is “we-centered” and prioritizes the marriage relationship itself. Not all couples fall neatly in either category; couples in transition experience a push-and-pull process between the multiple influences in their lives. These tensions are explored through six dimensions: (a) conflict between relational and structural goals, (b) communal versus dyadic obligation, (c) unclear authority structure, (d) intersection of family and workplace, (e) harmonizing multiple voices, and (f) incorporating personal agency. Implications for research and practice are addressed.

This article, by examining the planning, development, construction, and operation of the Hiawatha light–rail transit line in the Twin Cities of Minnesota, attempts to further the understanding of coalition–building between lawmakers in urban and suburban areas, as well as those at the local, state, and federal levels, and how this cooperation affects metropolitan areas. the analysis relies on primary and secondary data from local newspapers, radio transcripts, and organization websites and materials from 1995 to 2007 to examine the political processes surrounding the project. Previous research on coalition–building strategies and regionalism informs the theoretical approach of the article. Key findings suggest that traffic congestion acts as a powerful motivator for uniting urban and suburban interests. the research also supports previous findings that big–city mayors seldom take the lead in promoting regional cooperation. in addition, findings suggest that governor–brokered coalitions can be relatively unstable, and that the possibility for receiving federal funds promotes regional cooperation along the lines of transportation issues.

Characteristics hypothesized to be related to learning in introductory biomechanics classes were examined. Data from a 2003 national study were supplemented by additional instructor-reported data about experience, tests, laboratory hours, and average course-related expenditures. The number of credit hours of the course ( r = .15) and money spent by departments on laboratory classes per year ( r = -.18) were significantly and uniquely correlated with learning. Increasing credit hours from 3 to 4 with laboratory experience doubled learning. The results supported national standards for a 4-credit course and an emphasis on conceptual understanding rather than quantitative problem-solving. Researchers should seek to confirm these results as well as explore whether contact hours or the nature of laboratory learning experiences contribute to this effect.

Although marital ideals influence a couple's behavior, the specific content of marital ideals for engaged and newly-married couples remains largely uninvestigated. This longitudinal study investigated couples' marital ideals over the first year of marriage. Thirty-eight engaged couples completed a standardized measure of relationship intimacy ideals using Personal Assessment of Intimacy in Relationships (PAIR; Schaefer & Olson, 1981) in addition to free writing essays to open-ended questions regarding partner, relationship, and conflict ideals. Eleven couples also completed follow-up assessments at six months and one year of marriage. Results indicated that marital ideals are qualitatively different than those for dating relationships. Marital ideals were primarily intimate and traditional, but not romanticized. Conflict ideals were primarily practical rather than romantic, and became more practical over time.

This article presents five poems constructed from interviews conducted with five women about their sexual experiences as college students, as well as one poem written by the first author about her own experience. Young women were asked about confusing, problematic, and shameful sexual experiences. The Listening/Reading Guide, a feminist method, was used to identify segments of each interview that were then arranged in poetic form. Poetry was used as an evocative means to present information that does not have a traditional narrative structure. These poems are structured to convey the difficulties inherent in understanding and talking about these experiences. Current discourses of sexual assault and recovery are insufficient for understanding and meaning making in these cases.

Oregon has a long history of developing and using integrated economic, land use–transport models. Development of the Oregon Statewide Integrated Model (SWIM) was commissioned by the Oregon Department of Transportation as part of its Transportation and Land Use Model Improvement Program within the larger Oregon Modeling Improvement Program. The first version model, now named SWIM1, has been used in numerous applications since the late 1990s. A more extensive second version, SWIM2, is now available. It uses the PECAS economic input–output activity allocation framework, an aggregate model of spatial development and microsimulation models of freight and person transport. This paper describes the work considered in the later stages of development of the SWIM2 model, including results of sensitivity testing and reports on concurrent actions to transfer the model to agency operation. The sensitivity tests considered three alternative scenarios covering the evolution of the statewide spatial economic and transport systems over a 19-year period. Each scenario was compared to a reference case. In one scenario, highway capacity was increased substantially along an Interstate corridor radiating out from the Portland metropolitan area for more than 100 mi. In the other two scenarios, the costs for vehicle travel were increased four- and 10-fold over 1998 costs. The model system was found to respond consistent with a priori expectations. Population and employment shift to areas of comparatively better accessibilities, urban densities change, trip lengths and modes change, and floor space development and prices respond to these changes in patterns that evolve across the state over time.

Higher energy prices and the growing concern about global warming have led to a number of policy goals and targets designed to curb global warming and/or the development of alternative sources of energy. However, the Tinbergen Rule states that for each and every policy target there must be at least one policy tool. If there are fewer tools than targets, then some policy goals will not be achieved. Further complicating the public policy environment are the facts that some policy tools affect more than one target, some tools help achieve more than one target, and others, while meeting one target, make meeting other targets more difficult. Also, some targets are more efficient than others. If policy makers are going to be able to effectively meet their environmental and energy goals, a series of policy tools need to be developed.

Movement toward gender equality occurs in incremental steps, but how such change occurs has not been well studied. A qualitative analysis of 20 heterosexual Singaporean couples identified the processes that equalize power within couple relationships. Results reveal that (i) prioritizing women's careers encourages men to change role expectations, take on household tasks, value wives' contributions and emotionally attend to them, and encourages women to seek influence, and (ii) the shift toward equality occurs within a gender structure where men retain the ultimate choice regarding power shifts and wives find ways to influence them. Though the shifts are gradual and partial, they constitute potential recalibrations of institutional gender hierarchy as new expectations flow between couple relationships and the larger social arena.

The recovery literature in clinical psychology often focuses on abstract outcome measures of mental health and wellness that in turn serve to shape the process and goals of psychotherapy. However, there is often an experiential disconnect between these conceptualizations of recovery and the lived experience of psychological suffering and healing. In the current article, the authors present alternative views of what recovery or, more accurately, what living a good life means for a group of people who identify themselves as psychiatric survivors. Like the feminist paradigm, the psychiatric survivor movement does not separate the personal and political, and thus this counterculture facilitates the telling of alternative narratives of recovery that more closely represent people's lived experiences. The authors discuss how these alternative discourses of the movement conceptualize the good life in terms of creating countercultural communities, engaging in political activism, and working for social justice and human rights in the mental health system.

This study examined the combined impact of individual-level and group-level variables on self-reported intimate partner violence, operationally defined as mild to severe physical aggression on the Modified Conflict Tactics Scale, among married male U.S. Army soldiers. The sample comprised 713 servicemen from 27 companies stationed at an Army post in the Alaskan interior. Group-level variables were based on individual reports on various dimensions of group climate aggregated at the company level. Contextual analyses were conducted using a variety of regression approaches. Individual-level predictor variables significantly associated with intimate partner violence included race, symptoms of depression, poor marital adjustment, alcohol problems, and a history of childhood abuse. Group-level predictor variables significantly associated with intimate partner violence included lower leadership support (vertical cohesion), a culture of hyper-masculinity (operationally defined as increased group disrespect), and lower support for spouses.

During the past several years, state governments across the United States have engaged in a variety of new efforts to curb motor fuels tax evasion. Unlike the income tax, which is typically evaded through a simple reporting error or other manipulation, motor fuels tax evasion often occurs because potential evaders are able to exploit the complexity of the audit, collection, and exemption processes. Estimates of annual revenue losses related to this sort of evasion are substantial, ranging from $1.5 billion to $2.5 billion. In response to these estimates, FHWA and a number of state governments have implemented changes designed to streamline the administration of this often-overlooked but critical revenue source. The potential for evasion that results from the fuel tax exemptions that Wisconsin provides for agricultural "off-road" uses was examined. The investigation began with a statistical analysis of recent tax-exempt fuel consumption and monthly rebate figures for all midwestern states. These results indicate that Wisconsin consumes significantly higher quantities of tax-exempt fuel for off-road agricultural purposes than other midwestern states. A comparative analysis was also conducted of Wisconsin's Motor Vehicle Fuel Tax law and equivalent laws throughout the Midwest. The statistical and comparative results provide statistical and legal-analytical evidence that Wisconsin's current law is vulnerable to evasion. With these findings in mind, policy options to improve the enforcement of Wisconsin's Motor Vehicle Fuel Tax law were developed.

In the globalization of our economy, scant attention has been paid by scholars to the proliferation of English-language newspapers around the world designed to attract or protect American or British investments. This is a study of one such newspaper, the Mexican Herald (1895-1915), one of the early handmaidens of business that presaged the multinational corporations of today. Founded by an American, Frederick J. Guernsey, the Mexican Herald served an enclave of 25,000 American businessmen in Mexico City. The newspaper was dismayed by the outbreak of the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which threatened to wipe out foreign holdings. In particular, the Herald targeted Emiliano Zapata, the agrarian reform leader, for his unremitting attack on the large landowners and therefore private property in general. The Herald supported two reactionary regimes and sent a delegation to Washington, DC before being closed in 1915 by the Revolution which it never understood.

29 undergraduate majors in elementary education reading instructional beliefs were measured at the beginning and the conclusion of a 15-wk. course on reading methods. Analysis indicated a positive change in the students' beliefs.

The authors explore the use of personal narratives as a method for the study of conflict and peace, selecting as a site for interpretation the militarily and ethnically divided island of Cyprus. The international community has made a considerable investment in peacekeeping operations, but the many active sites of these operations can only be understood in terms of the multiple, intersecting, and often contending accounts of both the truth and the reality of the local circumstances, including the accounts of local citizens. This article presents an illustration of how personal narratives and official narratives derived from the Greek Cypriot side of the conflict combine to create a cohesive, culturally shared narrative. The ultimate goal of the research project is to write the many different voices, or “texts” that surround the ethnic dividing line in Cyprus, especially those that deviate from the dominant narratives in the service of elusive peace.

115 high school juniors were required to write a composition after reading an essay or just to write one without reading. Students were instructed in writing a summary, a synthesis, and an argument to prepare them to write a composition for the task which required reading an essay. Writing samples were collected before the study started and after instructions for each kind of writing, i.e., a summary, a synthesis, and an argument. When the first writing sample's scores were the covariate, the pretest mean was higher for writing in response to a topic without reading an essay than on the pretest for writing after reading an essay. Scores significantly improved following instruction in writing a summary for the task which required writing in response to reading an essay; however, scores declined significantly in response to instruction in writing a synthesis when the task required no essay reading.