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Background The association between olfactory dysfunction (OD) and cognitive decline is becoming apparent in the emerging literature. However, the literature demonstrating a similar effect between gustatory dysfunction (GD) and cognition is not well established. Objective To determine whether OD and GD are independently associated with cognitive impairment. Methods The 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was queried for 1376 older adults, corresponding to a weighted population sample of 50 816 529, to assess olfactory and gustatory status and cognition using univariate and multivariate regression analyses. OD and GD were determined using objective measurements with validated protocols. Participants were stratified as normal or abnormal cognition status using accepted cutoff values as indicated for the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease (CERAD) neuropsychological test, Animal Fluency Test (AFT), and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST). Results OD was associated with both mild cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR] 1.809, P = .004) and dementia (OR 3.173, P Conclusions OD and severe GD represent independent predictors of cognitive impairment in a nationally representative sample of older adults.

The Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) has adopted a policy to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 80% by the year 2050. For this project, E. H. Pechan & Associates, Inc., and Southern Research Institute developed 2006, 2007, and 2008 calendar year GHG and criteria pollutant emission inventories for PANYNJ facilities and operations, including the emissions of its tenants (e.g., airlines and shippers) and patrons [e.g., airport passengers and Port Authority TransHudson (PATH) riders]. In addition, the consulting team developed and implemented systems that allow for annual tracking and reporting of GHG emissions. PANYNJ manages and maintains the bridges, tunnels, bus terminals, airports, PATH commuter rail system, and marine terminals that are critical to the metropolitan New York and New Jersey region's trade and transportation capabilities. Major facilities owned, managed, operated, or maintained by PANYNJ include John F. Kennedy International, Newark Liberty International, and LaGuardia Airports; the George Washington Bridge; the Lincoln and Holland Tunnels; Port Newark and the Howland Hook Marine Terminal; the Port Authority Bus Terminal; and the 16-acre World Trade Center site in lower Manhattan. This paper describes the methods used to develop consistent GHG and criterion pollutant emission estimates for a diverse set of source types and how these methods have been updated as new information and new protocols have emerged.

In the popular phrase of the day, the United States are a world power which all must respect. I do not like the phrase, for it presupposes something like a recent epoch in our history. We are a world power; but be it remembered we came into existence, somewhat unconsciously to be sure, between the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the Treaty of Partition and Peace in I783. Followed as that treaty was by the French Revolution and a change of government forms and administration throughout Europe, our own independence marks an epoch in the world's evolution and history of which all mankind has taken note.