Casework treatment that is goal directed implies that the caseworker takes active responsibility for methods and techniques used in implementing the treatment aim with the client's conscious and active participation. It is understood that all aims, methods, and techniques may shift during the course of treatment, depending on continuing diagnostic study and evaluation of the treatment plan. While the individual member of a family is the direct focus of treatment, family needs and balance are always an integral and continuing part of the diagnostic study and treatment plan. Certainly, psychiatric consultation is advisable, at present, for help in the diagnostic process and in selection of treatment aim and method. Caseworkers have become increasingly competent in diagnosing and treating those people and their situations that require maintenance of current social functioning or redirection of ego adaptations. The closest collaboration between caseworker and psychiatrist is required for the treatment aim of changing basic ego adaptations. From the viewpoint of programing in a family agency, in order to meet the treatment needs of people who require some basic reorganization of the personality for better social functioning, it is necessary for the family agency, in collaboration with schools of social work and psychiatrists, to take responsibility for providing appropriate special training for the casework staff. I have attempted to describe those criteria for program and emphasis which, I believe, relate to any family agency. The family agency in some communities is in a more advantageous position than in others to meet its two major responsibilities: direct help to people, through casework diagnostic service, casework administration of social services, and casework treatment service; and participation and leadership in community planning and social action. Through special projects in the casework administration of social services, the family agency attempts to meet its traditional and generic responsibilities—family centered in its specialization, and community centered in its identification of new and unmet social needs and in demonstration and interpretation of ways of meeting these needs. The richness and variety of other community resources should make it more possible for the family agency in such a setting to work carefully on the selection of cases for its own casework treatment service, thereby refining casework methodology in the interest of better service to people in the community.