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Person-centered analyses of mental disorder comorbidity typically identify a single optimal latent group structure. We took an alternate approach, modeling every estimable comorbidity class model in a nationally representative sample ( N = 34,653) and integrating them into a single overarching hierarchy, providing a full multilevel accounting of various person-centered comorbidity structures. We then investigated the structural stability of this hierarchy across two waves of data collection, and the stability of, and transition between, comorbidity classes over time using latent transition analysis. Findings suggested that comorbidity classes were structured into an interpretable hierarchy. Evidence for robust structural stability of the hierarchy over time was found, regardless of assessment time points and diagnostic time frames used. Latent transition analysis provided evidence for both continuity and change of comorbidity group membership. We discuss how person- and variable-centered models provide complementary perspectives toward empirically supported classification.

The short- and long-term efficacy of the Adlerian parent education program Systematic Training for Effective Parenting (STEP), which is the group-based parenting class model, was the focus of the current study in Lithuania. In the quasi-experimental research study, the outcome measures included parenting style, child behavior as perceived by parents, and knowledge related to parenting. In 2011–2012, 44 parenting groups were organized, which resulted in 348 program and 299 comparison group participants at posttest. In 3- to 4-month period, the follow-up assessment was completed by 38.8% of parents. Specifically, the findings indicated that the STEP program was efficacious for increasing maternal and paternal knowledge on parenting, decreasing maternal authoritarian and permissive parenting styles and parental negative perceptions of the target child’s behavior. The changes listed were found to be stable as reflected in the follow-up. The researchers believe that the current study with the sufficient empirical rigor expands the generalizability of the STEP program outcomes on mothers and fathers in North America, Lithuania as well as Europe. Furthermore, the results have finally provided the Lithuanian therapists, parent educators, and parents with an evidence-based parenting program as recommended by the Council of Europe.

The focus of this study is to examine the reliability of models that are available in the open literature for simulating the interior moisture conditions, comparing the predicted interior relative humidity (RH) to measured data. Four models, for predicting the indoor RH in houses are tested against measured RH data for 25 houses. The models considered are primarily developed as design tools. The models tested are the European Indoor Class Model, the BRE model, and the ASHRAE 160P simple and intermediate models. The RH in each house is measured in two different locations producing 50 data sets. The ASHRAE intermediate model seemed to be the most robust exhibiting lower errors when compared to measured data. The European Indoor Class also performed well and can be used when data regarding moisture generation and/or air change rates is not available. As a design tool, however, it is not universally conservative in estimating the indoor RH. The BRE is problematic and generally exhibits large positive errors for most of the houses surveyed. It is found to be not reliable for the North American houses investigated in the comparisons. The ASHRAE simple model also exhibited large positive errors and does not trend well with the measured conditions. Models that greatly overestimate the design loads should be used with caution as they may lead to complicated inefficient designs.

Inclusive and collaborative intervention settings represent a restructuring of service delivery for students with special needs. This article contrasts traditional versus collaborative service delivery settings designed for students with language impairments. The Class Within a Class model (CWC) of collaborative practice is discussed and effective practices for adapting this model to use for a language intervention is explained. The described case study contrasts language gains when service delivery is changed from a pull-out model to the CWC model. Significantly more language gains were obtained when services were delivered through CWC.

Parental support for educational innovation has been described as essential in school change. This study examines parent and caregiver perceptions of educational opportunities for students with severe disabilities. Parents and caregivers from two high schools were interviewed. One high school uses an inclusive service delivery model, while the other uses a special day class model with limited mainstreaming. The data suggest that interviewees support inclusive schools and believe that their children are acquiring new skills. Questions remain regarding the balance of community-based Instruction and the amount of teacher training provided.

Introduction: The What and the How of It Israel after Statehood: An Overview The Present Mattter: Class Model and Data The Portrait of Class Structure Becoming a Class Member: The Process of Allocation Reallocation: Up and Down in the Class Structure Structural Transformation: Class and Sector Class Structure in Israel: A Summary--The Visible Hand Index

This paper represents an effort to clarify some of the confusion surrounding current discussion of the New Class of professional administrators, scientists, intellectuals and technicians that forms an integral part of advanced capitalist systems. A three-and-three-thirds-class model is developed and employed to explain how this class can be united ideologically but divided politically. Historical evidence is then presented to show how members of the New Class used ideological arguments to gain political support during the years 1900-1920.

The theory of consumption sectors and the domestic property class model are both examined in terms of their claims about the links between position in the housing market and political alignment. These contradictory claims are then assessed in the Canadian context. It is argued that the theory of consumption sectors, as outlined by Dunleavy, is less helpful in understanding the Canadian situation insofar as one does find a relationship between housing position and political alignment in a situation of largely individualised housing consumption. Further, the concern of homeowners for housing programmes as election issues plays a part in maintaining the objective basis for distinctions between housing tenures, also supporting the domestic property class model.

Past studies reveal weakness in their analyses of class and race consciousness. They fail, for example, to separate out the effects of race and class on components of race and class consciousness. This study discusses the roles of class and race in developing class and race consciousness and interest in politics. It emphasizes the need to clarify the roles of race and class as well as those of age and size of birthplace in each type of consciousness. The main findings show that race and class are sometimes differently related to these dimensions, and suggest that the colony model of American society for which race is decisive is more complete than the class model of race relations, although both are similar.