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1. Answering Questions About the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): Analogies to Whales and Sharks Miss the Boat

Author

DeYoung, Colin G., primary, Kotov, Roman, additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, Cicero, David C., additional, Conway, Christopher C., additional, Eaton, Nicholas R., additional, Forbes, Miriam K., additional, Hallquist, Michael N., additional, Jonas, Katherine G., additional, Latzman, Robert D., additional, Rodriguez-Seijas, Craig, additional, Ruggero, Camilo J., additional, Simms, Leonard J., additional, Waldman, Irwin D., additional, Waszczuk, Monika A., additional, Widiger, Thomas A., additional, and Wright, Aidan G. C., additional

Published
2021
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4. A Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology Can Transform Mental Health Research

Author

Conway, Christopher C., primary, Forbes, Miriam K., additional, Forbush, Kelsie T., additional, Fried, Eiko I., additional, Hallquist, Michael N., additional, Kotov, Roman, additional, Mullins-Sweatt, Stephanie N., additional, Shackman, Alexander J., additional, Skodol, Andrew E., additional, South, Susan C., additional, Sunderland, Matthew, additional, Waszczuk, Monika A., additional, Zald, David H., additional, Afzali, Mohammad H., additional, Bornovalova, Marina A., additional, Carragher, Natacha, additional, Docherty, Anna R., additional, Jonas, Katherine G., additional, Krueger, Robert F., additional, Patalay, Praveetha, additional, Pincus, Aaron L., additional, Tackett, Jennifer L., additional, Reininghaus, Ulrich, additional, Waldman, Irwin D., additional, Wright, Aidan G. C., additional, Zimmermann, Johannes, additional, Bach, Bo, additional, Bagby, R. Michael, additional, Chmielewski, Michael, additional, Cicero, David C., additional, Clark, Lee Anna, additional, Dalgleish, Tim, additional, DeYoung, Colin G., additional, Hopwood, Christopher J., additional, Ivanova, Masha Y., additional, Latzman, Robert D., additional, Patrick, Christopher J., additional, Ruggero, Camilo J., additional, Samuel, Douglas B., additional, Watson, David, additional, and Eaton, Nicholas R., additional

Published
2019
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5. Many Labs 2: Investigating Variation in Replicability Across Samples and Settings

Author

Klein, Richard A., primary, Vianello, Michelangelo, additional, Hasselman, Fred, additional, Adams, Byron G., additional, Adams, Reginald B., additional, Alper, Sinan, additional, Aveyard, Mark, additional, Axt, Jordan R., additional, Babalola, Mayowa T., additional, Bahník, Štěpán, additional, Batra, Rishtee, additional, Berkics, Mihály, additional, Bernstein, Michael J., additional, Berry, Daniel R., additional, Bialobrzeska, Olga, additional, Binan, Evans Dami, additional, Bocian, Konrad, additional, Brandt, Mark J., additional, Busching, Robert, additional, Rédei, Anna Cabak, additional, Cai, Huajian, additional, Cambier, Fanny, additional, Cantarero, Katarzyna, additional, Carmichael, Cheryl L., additional, Ceric, Francisco, additional, Chandler, Jesse, additional, Chang, Jen-Ho, additional, Chatard, Armand, additional, Chen, Eva E., additional, Cheong, Winnee, additional, Cicero, David C., additional, Coen, Sharon, additional, Coleman, Jennifer A., additional, Collisson, Brian, additional, Conway, Morgan A., additional, Corker, Katherine S., additional, Curran, Paul G., additional, Cushman, Fiery, additional, Dagona, Zubairu K., additional, Dalgar, Ilker, additional, Dalla Rosa, Anna, additional, Davis, William E., additional, de Bruijn, Maaike, additional, De Schutter, Leander, additional, Devos, Thierry, additional, de Vries, Marieke, additional, Doğulu, Canay, additional, Dozo, Nerisa, additional, Dukes, Kristin Nicole, additional, Dunham, Yarrow, additional, Durrheim, Kevin, additional, Ebersole, Charles R., additional, Edlund, John E., additional, Eller, Anja, additional, English, Alexander Scott, additional, Finck, Carolyn, additional, Frankowska, Natalia, additional, Freyre, Miguel-Ángel, additional, Friedman, Mike, additional, Galliani, Elisa Maria, additional, Gandi, Joshua C., additional, Ghoshal, Tanuka, additional, Giessner, Steffen R., additional, Gill, Tripat, additional, Gnambs, Timo, additional, Gómez, Ángel, additional, González, Roberto, additional, Graham, Jesse, additional, Grahe, Jon E., additional, Grahek, Ivan, additional, Green, Eva G. T., additional, Hai, Kakul, additional, Haigh, Matthew, additional, Haines, Elizabeth L., additional, Hall, Michael P., additional, Heffernan, Marie E., additional, Hicks, Joshua A., additional, Houdek, Petr, additional, Huntsinger, Jeffrey R., additional, Huynh, Ho Phi, additional, IJzerman, Hans, additional, Inbar, Yoel, additional, Innes-Ker, Åse H., additional, Jiménez-Leal, William, additional, John, Melissa-Sue, additional, Joy-Gaba, Jennifer A., additional, Kamiloğlu, Roza G., additional, Kappes, Heather Barry, additional, Karabati, Serdar, additional, Karick, Haruna, additional, Keller, Victor N., additional, Kende, Anna, additional, Kervyn, Nicolas, additional, Knežević, Goran, additional, Kovacs, Carrie, additional, Krueger, Lacy E., additional, Kurapov, German, additional, Kurtz, Jamie, additional, Lakens, Daniël, additional, Lazarević, Ljiljana B., additional, Levitan, Carmel A., additional, Lewis, Neil A., additional, Lins, Samuel, additional, Lipsey, Nikolette P., additional, Losee, Joy E., additional, Maassen, Esther, additional, Maitner, Angela T., additional, Malingumu, Winfrida, additional, Mallett, Robyn K., additional, Marotta, Satia A., additional, Međedović, Janko, additional, Mena-Pacheco, Fernando, additional, Milfont, Taciano L., additional, Morris, Wendy L., additional, Murphy, Sean C., additional, Myachykov, Andriy, additional, Neave, Nick, additional, Neijenhuijs, Koen, additional, Nelson, Anthony J., additional, Neto, Félix, additional, Lee Nichols, Austin, additional, Ocampo, Aaron, additional, O’Donnell, Susan L., additional, Oikawa, Haruka, additional, Oikawa, Masanori, additional, Ong, Elsie, additional, Orosz, Gábor, additional, Osowiecka, Malgorzata, additional, Packard, Grant, additional, Pérez-Sánchez, Rolando, additional, Petrović, Boban, additional, Pilati, Ronaldo, additional, Pinter, Brad, additional, Podesta, Lysandra, additional, Pogge, Gabrielle, additional, Pollmann, Monique M. H., additional, Rutchick, Abraham M., additional, Saavedra, Patricio, additional, Saeri, Alexander K., additional, Salomon, Erika, additional, Schmidt, Kathleen, additional, Schönbrodt, Felix D., additional, Sekerdej, Maciej B., additional, Sirlopú, David, additional, Skorinko, Jeanine L. M., additional, Smith, Michael A., additional, Smith-Castro, Vanessa, additional, Smolders, Karin C. H. J., additional, Sobkow, Agata, additional, Sowden, Walter, additional, Spachtholz, Philipp, additional, Srivastava, Manini, additional, Steiner, Troy G., additional, Stouten, Jeroen, additional, Street, Chris N. H., additional, Sundfelt, Oskar K., additional, Szeto, Stephanie, additional, Szumowska, Ewa, additional, Tang, Andrew C. W., additional, Tanzer, Norbert, additional, Tear, Morgan J., additional, Theriault, Jordan, additional, Thomae, Manuela, additional, Torres, David, additional, Traczyk, Jakub, additional, Tybur, Joshua M., additional, Ujhelyi, Adrienn, additional, van Aert, Robbie C. M., additional, van Assen, Marcel A. L. M., additional, van der Hulst, Marije, additional, van Lange, Paul A. M., additional, van ’t Veer, Anna Elisabeth, additional, Vásquez- Echeverría, Alejandro, additional, Ann Vaughn, Leigh, additional, Vázquez, Alexandra, additional, Vega, Luis Diego, additional, Verniers, Catherine, additional, Verschoor, Mark, additional, Voermans, Ingrid P. J., additional, Vranka, Marek A., additional, Welch, Cheryl, additional, Wichman, Aaron L., additional, Williams, Lisa A., additional, Wood, Michael, additional, Woodzicka, Julie A., additional, Wronska, Marta K., additional, Young, Liane, additional, Zelenski, John M., additional, Zhijia, Zeng, additional, and Nosek, Brian A., additional

Published
2018
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14. Answering questions about the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): Analogies to whales and sharks miss the boat.

Author

DeYoung CG, Kotov R, Krueger RF, Cicero DC, Conway CC, Eaton NR, Forbes MK, Hallquist MN, Jonas K, Latzman RD, Rodriguez-Seijas C, Ruggero CJ, Simms LJ, Waldman ID, Waszczuk MA, Widiger T, and Wright AGC

Abstract

This commentary discusses questions and misconceptions about HiTOP raised by Haeffel et al. (2021). We explain what the system classifies and why it is descriptive and atheoretical, highlighting benefits and limitations of this approach. We clarify why the system is organized according to patterns of covariation or comorbidity among signs and symptoms of psychopathology, and we discuss how it is designed to be falsifiable and revised in a manner that is responsive to data. We refer to the body of evidence for HiTOP's external validity and for its scientific and clinical utility. We further describe how the system is currently used in clinics. In sum, many of Haeffel et al.'s concerns about HiTOP are unwarranted, and for those concerns that reflect real current limitations of HiTOP, our consortium is working to address them, with the aim of creating a nosology that is comprehensive and useful to both scientists and clinicians.

Published
2022
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15. Development of Measures for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): A Collaborative Scale Development Project.

Author

Simms LJ, Wright AGC, Cicero D, Kotov R, Mullins-Sweatt SN, Sellbom M, Watson D, Widiger TA, and Zimmermann J

Subjects
Humans, Psychopathology, Translations, Mental Disorders psychology
Abstract

In this article, we describe the collaborative process that is underway to develop measures for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The HiTOP model has generated much interest in the psychiatric literature in recent years, but research applications and clinical translation of the model require measures that are specifically keyed to the model. To that end, the Measures Development Workgroup of HiTOP has been engaged in a collaborative effort to develop both questionnaire and interview methods that (a) are specifically tied to the elements of the HiTOP structure, and (b) provide one means of testing that structure. The work has been divided among five subgroups that are focused on specific HiTOP spectra. Our scale development methods are rooted in the principles of construct valid scale development. This report describes Phase 1 of this project, summarizes the methods and results thus far, and discusses the interplay between measurement and HiTOP model revisions. Finally, we discuss future phases of the scale development and the steps we are taking to improve clinical utility of the final measures.

Published
2022
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16. Development of the Thought Disorder Measure for the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology.

Author

Cicero DC, Jonas KG, Chmielewski M, Martin EA, Docherty AR, Berzon J, Haltigan JD, Reininghaus U, Caspi A, Graziolplene RG, and Kotov R

Subjects
Factor Analysis, Statistical, Humans, Psychopathology, Self Report, Schizophrenia diagnosis, Schizotypal Personality Disorder diagnosis
Abstract

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology consortium aims to develop a comprehensive self-report measure to assess psychopathology dimensionally. The current research describes the initial conceptualization, development, and item selection for the thought disorder spectrum and related constructs from other spectra. The thought disorder spectrum is defined primarily by the positive and disorganized traits and symptoms of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders. The Thought Disorder Sub-Workgroup identified and defined 16 relevant constructs and wrote 10 to 15 items per each construct. These items were administered, along with detachment and mania items, to undergraduates and people with serious mental illness. Three hundred and sixty-five items across 25 scales were administered. An exploratory factor analysis of the scale scores suggested a two-factor structure corresponding to positive and negative symptoms for two samples. The mania scales loaded with the positive factor, while the detachment scales loaded with the negative factor. Item-level analyses resulted in 19 preliminary scales, including 215 items that cover the range of thought disorder pathology, and will be carried forward for the next phase of data collection/analysis.

Published
2022
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17. Psychometric Properties of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q): A Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Assessment of Measurement Invariance by Sex.

Author

Rand-Giovannetti D, Cicero DC, Mond JM, and Latner JD

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Factor Analysis, Statistical, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Reproducibility of Results, Sex Distribution, Students, Surveys and Questionnaires, Universities, Young Adult, Feeding and Eating Disorders psychology, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales statistics & numerical data, Self Report statistics & numerical data
Abstract

The original, theoretically derived factor structure of the Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire (EDE-Q) has received limited empirical support and there is no consensus on an appropriate alternative. Moreover, there is a paucity of data on the factor structure of the EDE-Q across sexes. The goals of the current study were to evaluate models of the EDE-Q factor structure and to assess the best-fitting model for differences by sex. Twelve models were compared using confirmatory factor analysis in a sample of 940 undergraduates. Confirmatory factor analysis did not support the original factor structure. A four-factor model fit the data reasonably well with factors corresponding to themes of (a) dietary restraint, (b) preoccupation and restriction, (c) weight and shape concern, and (d) eating shame. The EDE-Q was found to be invariant by sex across all factors except Factor 3. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Published
2020
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18. Differential Item Functioning of the Full and Brief Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales in Asian, White, Hispanic, and Multiethnic Samples and Between Sexes.

Author

Cicero DC, Martin EA, and Krieg A

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Psychometrics, Young Adult, Personality Inventory, Racial Groups, Schizotypal Personality Disorder diagnosis, Schizotypal Personality Disorder psychology, Sex Factors
Abstract

The Wisconsin Schizotypy Scales, including their brief versions, are among the most commonly used self-report measures of schizotypy. Although they have been used extensively in many ethnic groups, few studies have examined their differential item functioning (DIF) across groups. The current study included 1,056 Asian, 408 White, 476 Multiethnic, and 372 Hispanic undergraduates. Unidimensional models of the brief Magical Ideation Scale and Perceptual Aberration Scales fit the data well. For both scales, global tests of measurement invariance provided mixed evidence, but few of the items displayed DIF across ethnicities or between sexes within a multiple indicator multiple causes model. For the full versions of the scales and the brief Revised Social Anhedonia Scale, multiple indicator multiple causes models within an exploratory structural equation modeling framework found that few of the items had DIF. These findings suggest that some of the items may have different psychometric properties across groups, but most items do not.

Published
2019
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19. Measurement Invariance of the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief Among White, Asian, Hispanic, and Multiracial Populations.

Author

Cicero DC, Krieg A, and Martin EA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Psychotic Disorders psychology, Reproducibility of Results, Risk Assessment methods, Symptom Assessment methods, United States, Young Adult, Prodromal Symptoms, Psychotic Disorders diagnosis, Racial Groups psychology, Surveys and Questionnaires
Abstract

The Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief is a scale that is used to screen individuals for risk for the development of psychosis. It has promising psychometric properties in clinical and nonclinical populations, including undergraduates. However, the measurement invariance of the scale has not been examined in Asian, White, Hispanic, and Multiracial samples. A total of 2,767 undergraduates at two large public U.S. universities completed the Prodromal Questionnaire-Brief. The Total scores had configural and scalar invariance, while the Distress scores displayed configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance. Follow-up analyses revealed that three items were responsible for the lack of complete scalar invariance for the Distress scores. This suggests that the Total and Distress scores are measuring the same construct across groups and mean scores represent the same level of latent prodromal traits across groups. Mean comparisons for the Distress Scale across ethnicity should be interpreted with caution because it lacks complete scalar invariance. White and Hispanic participants had lower Total scores that Multiracial and Asian participants, and this pattern emerged for 13 items. For the distress items that were scalar invariant, the Asian group reported more distress than the White and Hispanic groups, while the Multiracial group reported more distress than the White group.

Published
2019
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20. Comparing Social Anxiety Between Asian Americans and European Americans: An Examination of Measurement Invariance.

Author

Krieg A, Xu Y, and Cicero DC

Subjects
Cross-Cultural Comparison, Humans, Psychometrics, United States, Anxiety psychology, Asian psychology, White People psychology
Abstract

There have been over 30 studies and two meta-analyses comparing social anxiety between Asian Americans and European Americans. However, few have investigated the invariance of social anxiety measures that would make these comparisons appropriate. In the current study, we systematically examined psychometric properties and configural, metric, and scalar invariance of five social anxiety measures and four short forms that have been used more than once to compare Asian Americans ( n = 232) and European Americans ( n = 193). We found that four (i.e., SPS-6, SIAS-6, SPS, and SPAI-18) of the nine scales were scalar invariant, three scales (i.e., SIAS, SPAI, and B-FNES) only achieved configural invariance, and two scales (i.e., FNES and SADS) failed to achieve configural invariance. Latent mean comparisons based on the scalar invariant measures revealed higher social anxiety scores for Asian Americans than European Americans. The findings are discussed with regard to the issues and challenges when comparing social anxiety among different cultural and ethnic groups.

Published
2018
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