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The under-race lubrication system providing a moderate amount of oil to high-speed bearings is one of the key factors to ensure its good lubrication and cooling. To investigate the oil capture performance of the oil scoop, a complete numerical calculation model was established, and unsteady simulations of oil–gas two-phase flow inside the under-race lubrication system were carried out. The results indicate that the oil capture efficiency increases first and then decreases with increasing rotating speed at different oil jet velocities. The ratio of the rotating Reynolds number of the oil scoop to the Reynolds number of the oil jet corresponding to the maximum oil capture efficiency changes linearly with oil jet velocity. There are three variation trends of oil capture efficiency at different rotating speeds with the increase of oil jet velocity: monotonically decreasing, first increasing, and then decreasing and monotonically increasing. However, the amount of oil captured by the oil scoop increases monotonically under all operating conditions. The effect of oil temperature on oil capture efficiency is mainly due to the change of dynamic viscosity of the oil. The oil capture efficiency can be improved by appropriately increasing the oil temperature within a certain temperature range.

Relative to survivors of other traumatic events, survivors of sexual assault have an increased likelihood of meeting criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). They are also comparatively more likely to exhibit higher levels of PTSD symptom severity. Recent research has highlighted the importance of trauma-related disclosure within the context of intimate relationships for posttrauma functioning and recovery, but this phenomenon has yet to be examined specifically in sexual assault survivor samples. Accordingly, this study examines the association of PTSD symptom severity with disclosure about one’s experience of sexual assault to one’s intimate partner, as well as the association of such disclosure with trauma-related shame and perception of partners’ negative and positive responses to trauma-related disclosure. A sample of 104 female participants who had disclosed their experience of sexual assault to their current romantic partner provided survey data. On average, these participants reported a moderate amount of trauma-related disclosure. Counter to hypotheses, level of engagement in trauma-related disclosure was not significantly correlated with PTSD symptom severity, shame, or perceived negative responses to disclosure. Only perceived positive responses to disclosure demonstrated a significant, bivariate association with overall level of engagement in trauma-related disclosure. Similarly, when trauma-related shame, negative responses, and positive responses were accounted for simultaneously, only positive responses were related to level of disclosure. Overall, results suggest that intimate relationships may serve as a unique context for disclosure about one’s history of sexual assault, with perceived positive responses demonstrating particularly strong associations with level of engagement in trauma-related disclosure.

Children’s ability to understand speakers with a wide range of dialects and accents is essential for efficient language development and communication in a global society. Here, the impact of regional dialect and foreign-accent variability on children’s speech understanding was evaluated in both quiet and noisy conditions. Five- to seven-year-old children ( n = 90) and adults ( n = 96) repeated sentences produced by three speakers with different accents—American English, British English, and Japanese-accented English—in quiet or noisy conditions. Adults had no difficulty understanding any speaker in quiet conditions. Their performance declined for the nonnative speaker with a moderate amount of noise; their performance only substantially declined for the British English speaker (i.e., below 93% correct) when their understanding of the American English speaker was also impeded. In contrast, although children showed accurate word recognition for the American and British English speakers in quiet conditions, they had difficulty understanding the nonnative speaker even under ideal listening conditions. With a moderate amount of noise, their perception of British English speech declined substantially and their ability to understand the nonnative speaker was particularly poor. These results suggest that although school-aged children can understand unfamiliar native dialects under ideal listening conditions, their ability to recognize words in these dialects may be highly susceptible to the influence of environmental degradation. Fully adult-like word identification for speakers with unfamiliar accents and dialects may exhibit a protracted developmental trajectory.

Peer-reviewed publications are one way for researchers to communicate information about service delivery to rehabilitation counselors. However, little is known about rehabilitation counselors’ actual use of peer-reviewed publications. Thus, the current research explored the extent to which rehabilitation counselors ( N = 334) read and use peer-reviewed publications, factors associated with their reading and using peer-reviewed publications, and several items assessing their judgments about peer-reviewed publications. Overall, we found that rehabilitation counselors used peer-reviewed publications a moderate amount, held generally positive judgments about peer-reviewed publications, and reported wanting to use information from peer-reviewed publications with a greater percentage of clients than they actually did. We also found that counselors’ reading and using of peer-reviewed publications increased as counselor opinions of peer-reviewed publications were more positive and as counselors perceived their professional organizations, universities, agencies, and supervisors encouraged reading and using peer-reviewed publication. Collectively, we believe the current study is useful for researchers to generate and communicate research to rehabilitation counselors.

Case summary A 10-year-old spayed female Russian Blue cat was presented with a 3-month history of excessive otic discharge and scratching, only involving the right ear. Other than a moderate amount of ceruminous exudate present within the right ear on video-otoscopic examination, there were no other cutaneous abnormalities. The cat was deemed to be otherwise in good health based on physical examination and several laboratory profiles. A diagnosis of otodemodicosis was determined due to the presence of a large number of Demodex cati mites retrieved from cerumen. Treatment consisted only of monthly topical application of sarolaner/selamectin to the nape of the neck with a marked reduction in mite counts and otic pruritus after a single dose. Complete resolution was achieved after a total of four doses. Relevance and novel information This is the first report to describe the resolution of mite infestation owing to D cati after treatment with a sarolaner-containing spot-on product. In addition, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first report of any isoxazoline product used in the successful treatment of demodicosis affecting the ear canal. In general, there is a lack of reports describing safe and effective treatments for feline otodemodicosis. Topically applied sarolaner/selamectin resulted in resolution of mites while avoiding any potential ototoxic events from medications applied directly into the ear, and provided a treatment that was easier to apply than oral or injectable macrocyclic lactones.

Hypercalcemia is frequently encountered in both hospital wards and the primary care setting; 90% of cases can be attributed to primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy. However, a minority are caused by medications, of which calcium supplements have been an increasingly common etiology. We are presenting a case of hypercalcemia resulted after acute oral intake of a moderate amount of antacids (calcium tablets) and normalized after supplement withdrawal.

Background. Poor public understanding of accumulation principles obstructs public engagement in environmental decision-making. Simulation-based learning environments (SBLEs) show promise for improving understanding. Purpose. This study tested the hypothesis that use of stand-alone, self-contained, online SBLEs can improve user understanding of and ability to apply basic principles of accumulation. Method. We used pretest/posttest measures to examine (a) whether user understanding of accumulations principles increased after exposure to a set of two SBLEs in an undergraduate Environmental Science course ( n =126), and (b) how the extent of simulation use affected depth of user understanding. Results.Understanding improved significantly after simulation use. Further, extent of simulation use affected performance although it is not a simple linear relationship. Those who ran the simulation a moderate amount of times (total of 14-24 runs) scored better than the low-range group (0-13 runs, p < .05) and better than the high-range users (25+ runs, p < .10). These results hold when controlled for prior systems understanding, graphing ability, motivation, and science background. Conclusion. The results support the value of simulations for building operational understanding of accumulations and suggest design considerations that may further increase the effectiveness of such SBLEs.

A major issue that dominates the current thinking of catalogers is how to send mail more efficiently in order to increase response rates and decrease wasteful mailing activity. Currently cataloguers assume that a mailing decision should be made when expected profit (or lifetime value) is positive or at best when expected profit exceeds a certain threshold. We offer a new perspective. We suggest that a customer be sent the current catalog only if the expected profit with the current catalog exceeds the expected profit without the current catalog. We develop, estimate, and test a hazard function model with unobserved heterogeneity to estimate the sensitivity of the customers’ purchase intensity to catalog drop and to other factors. We explicitly allow for customers to order from previous catalogs and control for the effects of promotional rest and wearout. We find that it is better to send (not too many but) a few catalogs with (not too long but) a moderate amount of time between them in order to encourage purchases.

In a study of 49 graduate and 172 undergraduate marketing project teams, the average of the individual abilities on the team was found to predict student team performance. Team size had little effect, and gender diversity had no effect on team performance. Among graduate teams, those with a moderate amount of nationality diversity outperformed teams with high or no nationality diversity. The implications of these and other findings for course administration and team assignment are discussed.

The factorial and predictive validity of the Early Reading Screening Instrument was examined for 105 first grade students. Analysis indicated that the test is unidimensional and can predict first grade reading skills at the end of the school year with at least a moderate amount of accuracy. A previous study indicated predictive validity coefficients of .66 and .73 when the criteria were word recognition and reading comprehension. The current study yielded predictive validity coefficients of .67 and .70 for these criteria.

The purpose of this study was to explore the level of variability in anxiety and affect, and the relationship between these variables among caregivers for spouses with probable Alzheimer's disease. Thirty spouse caregivers (17 husbands, 13 wives) completed a measure of anxiety and affect for 30 consecutive days. The results indicated that this caregiving sample showed inter-individual differences in the level of variability in anxiety and affect. Some individuals displayed a moderate amount of stability while others showed much variability over the 30 days. In addition, the results indicated inter-individual differences in the correlations between state anxiety and positive affect for this caregiving sample. The caregivers with low levels of variability in anxiety showed significantly more positive affect and less negative affect than caregivers with high levels of variability in anxiety. It may not be necessary to completely eliminate anxiety in caregivers. Instead, techniques for keeping anxiety at a relatively stable level within individuals may be beneficial for the caregivers.

The author quantitatively tests eight interrelated hypotheses about the relationship between protests against the allies' participation in the Gulf War and the use of oppositional political terrorism connected to this crisis. Both visual inspection of the data and quantitative analysis supports the relationship between non-Gulf Conflict related terrorism, protest connected to the Gulf Conflict and Gulf-related terrorism. Characteristics of protests, such as number of protesters and presence of violence, however, make negligible contributions to Gulf-specific terrorism. However, these variables in combination with the number of days the coalition forces were in the Gulf account for a moderate amount of the variance. There is also a significant relationship between protest and terrorism as a function of the period of conflict. Whereas protests are high and terrorism is low in period one, the reverse is true for the last period.

Szrmmary.482 rugby referees from Wales, Scodand, and England rated their stress associated with refereeing on a 3-item scale. Mean ratings for the total sample and each group were benveen "very little" and "a moderate amount." Results support earlier studies, suggesting that most sport officials do not experience much stress while officiating. Several studies have examined stress experienced by sport officials. Kaissils and Anshel (1993) measured the intensity of 15 sources of stress among Australian basketball referees, who rated their over-all stress as moderate. Rainey (1994) measured stress among baseball and softball umpires using a rating scale. The umpires' mean rating of their stress was between "very little" and "a moderate amount." Using the same scale, Rainey and Winterich (1995) examined stress among American basketball referees, who rated their stress in the same range. FinaUy, Stewart and Ellery (1996) reported that high school volleyball officials rated their mean stress between "very little" and "a moderate amount " Data from four sports suggest that officials do not experience much stress. However, one limitation of the studies reported by Rainey (1994), Rainey and Winterich (1995), and Stewart and Ellery (1996) is that the officials were questioned after their seasons were over. It is possible that memories of stressful experiences fade with time, and officials surveyed while their sport is still in season may report higher stress. The purpose of the present study was to examine ratings of stress by rugby referees during their season. It was hypothesized that, because their officiating experiences would be more recent, the rugby referees would rate their stress higher than officials in prior studes, between "a moderate amount" and "quite a bit." METHOD Participants Participants were 682 rugby referees from the Rugby Unions of Wales (n = 126), Scotland (n= 140), and England (n=416). Mean age of participants was 41 yr. (SD=7.8 yr.). There were no significant differences among the three groups in mean age (F,,m< 1.00). Mean number of years of refer

The idea that teaching younger siblings encourages the intellectual development of the older child is investigated. A self-report measure of teaching younger siblings is developed and tested for effects on academic achievement in reading, language, and mathematics in a multivariate analysis of covariance, using data from a sample of seventhand ninth-grade public school students in a medium-sized southeastern metropolitan area. The analysis controls race, sex, year in school, and aspects of socioeconomic status, family configuration, and interaction with younger siblings. Students who report more than a minimal amount of teaching younger siblings are significantly higher than others in reading and language achievement. Furthermore, students with younger siblings who report very little teaching of those siblings are the only group with younger siblings who are significantly lower in reading and language achievement than students without younger siblings. The findings suggest that a moderate amount of teaching younger siblings may counteract any negative effects of the presence of younger siblings. There are no significant interactions between teaching and any of the control variables.

This study was designed to investigate some of the variables that characterize students who have achieved success in science. One hundred forty-six winners of the 1983 Westinghouse Science Talent Search completed a questionnaire exploring the subjects' views on the role of the scientist in society, images of self as scientist, personal motivations for conducting scientific research, qualities admired in scientific heroes or heroines, and how often teachers discussed interactions of science and society. Chi square and ANOVA analyses were employed with each of two independent variables: gender and area of science. Female subjects reported more concern with social impacts of scientific research, less variability in their self-image as a scientist, and a tendency to attribute success to hard work and dedication rather than intelligence or creativity than did male subjects. Over all, subjects identified curiosity as the primary impetus for research and indicated a moderate amount of exposure to scientific controversy in the secondary science classroom.

Extensive training with same-class concept identification problems was expected to produce behavior that is consistent with hypothesis sampling models that assume rather severe memory limitations for previously tested hypotheses. After solving 0, 4, or 8 unidimensional concept problems, 256 undergraduates were transferred to a problem in which solution was (a) present on a single dimension—a no-shift problem, (b) reversed within a dimension after every second error—a reversal shift, (c) alternated between two dimensions after every second error—a dimensional shift, or (d) based on either of two dimensions—a relevant, redundant problem. Results showed that performance was better on the no-shift problem than the reversal shift problem but only at 0-pretraining. Performance was better on relevant, redundant problems than dimensional shift problems at 0- and 4-pretraining. There were frequent inconsistencies of hypotheses with previous information in the 0- and 8-pretraining conditions. The interpretation was that associative learning occurs among some inexperienced subjects and that with a moderate amount of training hypotheses are consistent with previous information. Memory is extremely limited when same-class problems are given repeatedly.

Full page text editor displays have been favorably contrasted with partial page displays with respect to potential user productivity. An experiment was conducted in which 20 subjects used both partial and full page displays driven by the same computer text editing system. The subjects completed 384 editing tasks using each display. Each task required subjects to make a revision which was marked on a printed copy of a document. The results showed no practical productivity difference between the two displays for typical editing revisions after a moderate amount of practice.

The management of organizational conflict involves the diagnosis of and intervention in conflict at intrapersonal, interpersonal, intragroup, and intergroup levels. A diagnosis should indicate whether there is need for intervention and the type of intervention needed. In general, an intervention is designed to attain and maintain a moderate amount of conflict a various levels and to enable the organizational members to learn the styles of handling interpersonal conflict so that the individual, group, and overall organizational effectiveness are enhanced.

SummaryA method is described for obtaining samples of blood from the hepatic vein in man by means of a catheter in the venous system. Only a moderate amount of skill is required, and if carried out with care, samples can be obtained with minimal discomfort and danger to the subject.