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Journalists and librarians share a common goal of providing information to the public, yet very little is known about how journalists' information seeking behavior intersects with libraries. This case study seeks to understand the information seeking behavior of environmental journalists by investigating how their information needs intersect with the library and how their information seeking behavior changed over the course of their 9-month fellowship at the University of Colorado Boulder. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven environmental journalists at the beginning and end of their fellowship, while an open coding approach was used to identify themes. Generally, study participants conducted research by (1) identifying a story idea and conducting a preliminary search, (2) expanding their knowledge on the topic through scientific articles and interviews with experts, (3) conducting field research, and (4) completing research when information is redundant and they are confident with their knowledge. This process, and their growing feelings of confidence as they conducted research, were similar to, but not exactly, Kuhlthau's Information Search Process model. Their interactions with the library were mostly limited to accessing books and articles. Overall, there was little change in the participants' information seeking behavior, possibly due to limited time to learn new resources, reliance on preexisting research habits, professional competence, and lack of awareness of library services (e.g. librarians, workshops, and public academic library access). An understanding of journalists' information seeking behavior can help librarians conduct instruction and outreach efforts that address journalists' information needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article summarizes three consecutive studies (2001, 2006, 2011) in which national Israeli press reporters detailed how they obtained random samples of their recently published items (N = 1003): first, in order to explore the public interest in whether the standards of news production are deteriorating, improving or staying put; second, to indicate whether journalists adjust to the transforming news ecosystem; and third, to resolve the theoretical dilemma regarding the openness of news practices to change. While showing a general trend of conservatism, data indicate some statistically significant changes across time, not always in the expected directions. Reporters rely more often on ordinary citizens (who remain a marginal source), and public relations practitioners intervene more broadly in their items. They not only question their sources’ credibility more often, but also rely on slightly more sources per item and more cross-checking, mainly thanks to older contacts rather than to new voices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This multi-methodological study examined the news framing of the 2004 European Union enlargement in terms of risk and opportunity and the effect both frames had on public support for the enlargement. A content analysis showed that EU enlargement was portrayed as a controversial issue, but with an overall balanced tone of coverage. Risk and opportunity framing played an equally prominent role in the news. An experiment examined the impact of both frames on support for EU enlargement. Participants in the opportunity frame condition showed significantly higher levels of support compared to participants in the risk condition. This framing effect was moderated by political knowledge. Individuals with low levels of political knowledge were more affected by the news frames and more susceptible to risk framing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the mechanisms that exclude female journalists from the news production process, and on their alienation in modern Korean society. Using a content analysis of essays by Korean female journalists, the study found exclusion mechanisms of female journalists from (1) the news gathering process, including 'authoritative information collection', 'unethical compromise culture', 'informal communication' and the 'traditional view of womanhood'; (2) the newsroom, including 'masculine bonds', 'distrust of female journalists' and the 'stereotype of female journalists'; and (3) the private area, including housework, pregnancy and childcare. The alienation of female journalists was also studied at the organizational and personal levels. At the organizational level, the result shows that female journalists are both horizontally and vertically marginalized. At the personal level, the self-alienation of female journalists was attributed to the fact that they have less access to in-depth information because of the division of work based on gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1987, a technical memorandum issued by the United States Office of Technology Assessment predicted that the news media eventually will gain access to remote imaging technology, and certain tradeoffs will be necessary because of the possible threats to national security and foreign policy. In 1989, an officer of France's SPOT Image Corp. told a U.S. Congressional subcommittee that its satellites were well adapted for commercial news gathering, because: "SPOT can take pictures of any location in the world regardless of political or physical limitations." The first test of this claim came during the opening days of the Persian Gulf crisis in August 1990 when SPOT officers in France and the United States denied requests by the news media for satellite images of the Kuwait-Iraq region because of the volatility of the crisis. Representatives of the Western news media have argued for the unrestricted use of space for news gathering. Journalists insist that to inform the public subsumes all other concerns and if news media access to satellite images are restricted, the media will press ahead on plans for their own MediaSat. These issues will require dialogue between leaders of the news media, satellite agencies and government representatives to identify policy conflicts and workable alternatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a comparative study on the news coverage procedures undertaken by Associated Press (AP), Inter Press Service (IPS), the Caribbean News Agency (CANA) and other Nonaligned News Agencies Pool (NANAP). The study is undertaken through adopting a standard content analysis method used in a multinational research of news flow conducted by the International Association of Mass Communication Research (IAMCR) and was developed by Paul Hartmann of the University of Leicester. The results of the study shows that less developed countries are covered more by the international mass media than the more developed countries, which are covered by AP.

The article presents an off-road understanding of organization perspective necessary to understand the state of international news flow in terms of production among Third World and Western countries. It mentions that the production of international news is similar to that of domestic news. It adds that in understanding international newsgathering, it is important to understand news exchange in a perspective proposed by the New International Information Order (NIIO). Moreover, it cites Jeremy Tunstall's view of news organization as a "non-routine bureaucracy."

The article presents a study which examines the new gathering procedures of news involving China by foreign journalists, information sources, and the provided facilities for journalistic activities by the Chinese government. It mentions the importance of understanding the philosophy of the country in studying the relationship of its government with foreign journalists. It states that the disapproval of China in traditional western news gathering is considered partly hypocritical and misconceived. It also considers language barrier as one of the hindrances among foreign journalists since only few Beijing correspondents can read the Chinese language and speak Mandarin.

The article discusses the mass media in the U.S. Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands. It states several characteristics of mass media in the Islands which includes historical tradition from 1970, high density of media per geographical area and population, and the relationship with the government with no open harassment like censorship and licensing. It mentions that inadequate facilities for newspaper publication, wide geographical distances from the source of equipment and supplies, and the incapability to maintain an advertising market due to the smallness of media in the Islands are among the difficulties of newspaper. Moreover, the problems faced by the broadcasters include poor gathering and reporting of news and the advertising dependency on Puerto Rican and mainland U.S.

The article presents the book "Diffusion of the News Paradigm: 1850-2000," edited by Svennik Hoyer and Horst Pöttker. The book has identified 5 basic elements of news paradigm including the noteworthy event, news values, asymmetrical turn taking in news interviewing, the inverted narrative pyramid and notions of accuracy, fairness and balance. It focuses on the backgrounds and news paradigm of Anglo-American in Scandinavia, Germany and Central and Eastern Europe. The last part of the book discusses the factors that leads to the developments in journalism.