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The aim of this study was to compare in-vitro measurements of anteroposterior laxity in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)-deficient knee using three different methods: an Instron materials-testing machine, then a KT-2000 arthrometer, and finally by Roentgen stereophotogrammetric analysis (RSA). Eight ACL-deficient human cadaver knees were used. Total displacement was measured between 90 N anterior and 90 N posterior tibiofemoral drawer forces at both 20 degrees and 90 degrees knee flexion. Laxity ranged from 11.5 to 27.6 mm at 20 degrees and from 8.7 to 23.9 mm at 90degrees. A statistically significant difference was not found between the mean RSA and KT-2000 measurements. However, the mean Instron measurements of laxity were significantly (3-4 mm) higher than both RSA and KT-2000 measurements. The clinical methods of RSA and the KT-2000 measurements agreed well but appeared to underestimate tibiofemoral anteroposterior laxity compared with the materials-testing machine. These findings may be helpful in the future comparison of different studies.

Action identification theory presented by Vallacher and Wegner characterizes individual differences in identification level in terms of a personality dimension known as "level of personal agency." Levels of personal agency, as measured by the Behavior Identification Form, were examined in a sample of 237 college "seniors" representing eight academic majors. The mean levels of personal agency among individuals in several of these majors were significantly different.