1. Stress and sickness absence: Prediction and causal mechanisms of mental sickness absence
- Author
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van Hoffen, Maria Frederika Agnes and van Hoffen, Maria Frederika Agnes
- Abstract
Summary Chapter 1 introduces the context and importance of our topic. Mental disorders are the leading cause of sickness absence and disability pensions in European countries. We need more knowledge of predictors of mental sickness absence to identify those workers at high risk of mental long-term sickness absence (LTSA) before they report sick. In this thesis, prediction models for mental LTSA will be developed and validated using variables that are commonly addressed in occupational health surveys. This thesis also investigates causal mechanisms of mental long-term sickness absence. Chapter 2 describes the predictive performance of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) for identifying workers at increased risk of mental LTSA. It was concluded that the MBI—GS and UWES predicted future mental LTSA in non-sicklisted employees, but discrimination was not practically useful. Chapter 3 investigates the ability of mental health symptoms to identify workers at risk of mental LTSA. Mental health symptoms were measured at baseline with the 4-DSQ (distress and depressed mood) and MBI–GS (fatigue). The symptom scores were analyzed against incident mental LTSA. Distress fairly discriminated between workers with and without mental LTSA, whereas the discriminative ability of both depressed mood and fatigue was poor. It was concluded that the 4-DSQ distress scale may be a promising tool to screen working populations for mental LTSA. Chapter 4 compares the discrimination by the 16-item 4-DSQ distress scale with discrimination by a distress screener with items on worrying, listlessness, and feeling tense, derived from the full 16-item distress scale. Discrimination between non-sicklisted workers with and without mental LTSA was found to be similar for the 16-item distress scale and the three-item screener. Thus, it is more convenient for healthcare providers to use the three key questions of the 16-item 4-DSQ distress scale to identify no
- Published
- 2021