1. Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression Profile Is Modified by Dietary Protein Source and Calcium during Energy Restriction
- Author
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Taru K. Pilvi, Riitta Korpela, Essi Martonen, Markus Storvik, Eveliina Tauriainen, Saara Merasto, Piet Finckenberg, and Eero Mervaala
- Subjects
Male ,Whey protein ,medicine.medical_specialty ,animal structures ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,chemistry.chemical_element ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,Calcium ,Muscle hypertrophy ,Whey protein isolate ,Mice ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Casein ,Gene expression ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Muscle, Skeletal ,Caloric Restriction ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,Fatty acid metabolism ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Body Weight ,Caseins ,Skeletal muscle ,Microarray Analysis ,Milk Proteins ,Calcium, Dietary ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Whey Proteins ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Expression Regulation ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Body Composition ,biology.protein ,Dietary Proteins ,Energy Intake ,Algorithms ,Food Science - Abstract
Background/Aims: The potential of whey protein and calcium to modify skeletal muscle gene expression during energy restriction (ER) was investigated in a model of diet-induced obesity. Methods: Obese C57BL/6J mice received casein (calcium 0.4%) and two different high-calcium (1.8%) whey protein-based [whey protein isolate (WPI) + Ca and α-lactalbumin + Ca] diets for ER. Results: Compared to casein, WPI and α-lactalbumin-based diets altered 208 and 287 genes, respectively, of which 186 genes were common to WPI and α-lactalbumin diets. These genes represented 31 KEGG pathways. The Wnt signaling was the most enriched pathway among the 101 genes regulated by α-lactalbumin only, whereas the 22 genes regulated by WPI only were not associated with KEGG pathways. Unlike casein, WPI and α-lactalbumin diets decreased Aldh1a7, Fasn, leptin, Nr4a3 and Scd1 mRNA expression, indicating dietary protein source-dependent alterations in muscle lipid and fatty acid metabolism. Muscle weight or lean body mass maintenance did not differ between groups although modest changes in hypertrophy/atrophy signaling were found. Conclusion: The skeletal muscle gene expression profile is modified by the dietary protein source and calcium during ER which may explain, at least in part, the greater anti-obesity effect of whey proteins and calcium compared to casein.
- Published
- 2011
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