Search

A general Suzuki–Miyaura reaction catalyzed by a Pd-loaded ceramic membrane in a flow-through membrane reactor is reported for the first time.

A general palladium-catalyzed denitrative Mizoroki–Heck reaction of unactivated alkenes has been developed with high E/Z selectivity.

The panel of metabolic markers with most potential is chosen and metabolic disorders are investigated in humans following high-dose irradiation based on plasma metabolomics study.

A general catalytic base-controlled regiodivergent nucleophilic hydrofunctionalization of both terminal and internal β,γ-unsaturated amides has been reported. The atom-economical addition of various S/P-based nucleophiles was also exclusively chemoselective. More than 60 branched or linear hetero-substituted aliphatic amides were synthesized from common starting materials under transition-metal-free conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies are consistent with our proposed divergent catalytic cycles.

Poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA)-based particles have been widely used as carriers of various kinds of drugs, which are sequestered by the cell membrane and degraded through endo-lysosome and auto-lysosomal pathways. Lysosome is the destination of endocytosis and autophagy, which is also an organelle for the cell to execute death. Here, we show that chloroquine (CQ) and ciprofloxacin (CPX) (LMP inducer reagents)-loaded PLGA hollow microspheres (HMs) could be delivered by passive targeting into endo-lysosome and auto-lysosome. Co-loading with NaHCO3 accelerates the release of CQ and CPX in the acid environment of endo-lysosome and auto-lysosome. Subsequently, the released CQ and CPX induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), which leads to cancer cell death in three different manners: apoptosis, autophagic cell death and apoptosis with autophagosome. Moreover, we use rapamycin, the inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), to induce autophagy and inhibit cell growth. Rapamycin–NaHCO3-loaded HMs combined CQ–NaHCO3-loaded HMs could efficiently induce cancer cell death through apoptosis with autophagosome both in vitro and in vivo.

We describe herein a new method that allows selective production of Catellani-Heck isomers from various aryl halides, including ones without ortho-groups. Under previous conditions, unhindered aryl halides were plagued with the formation of simple Heck isomers and multiple arylation and norbornene insertion. The use of a bulky PtBu3 ligand accelerates C-C reductive elimination from the key palladacycle.

Cyclic olefins usually give Heck products having an aryl ring residing at the allylic or homoallylic position. We describe herein a new method that allows arylation at the vinylic position of various cyclic olefins.