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Electrowetting is a simple way to induce the spreading and retraction of electrolyte droplets. This method is widely used in “device” applications, where a dielectric layer is applied between the...

A green and facile molten-salt (MS) route for the scalable synthesis of free-standing, long-range oriented and corrugated graphene-like sheets from a copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) precursor is reported. Their unique arrangement and transformation behavior in molten potassium chloride (KCl) play a key role in promoting the successful synthesis of the anisotropic nanostrucure.

With the profuse amount of two-dimensional (2D) materials discovered and the improvements in their synthesis and handling, the field of 2D heterostructures has gained increased interest in recent years. Such heterostructures not only overcome the inherent limitations of each of the materials, but also allow the realization of novel properties by their proper combination. The physical and mechanical properties of graphene mean it has a prominent place in the area of 2D heterostructures. In this review, we will discuss the evolution and current state in the synthesis and applications of graphene-based 2D heterostructures. In addition to stacked and in-plane heterostructures with other 2D materials and their potential applications, we will also cover heterostructures realized with lower dimensionality materials, along with intercalation in few-layer graphene as a special case of a heterostructure. Finally, graphene heterostructures produced using liquid phase exfoliation techniques and their applications to energy storage will be reviewed.

Chemical functionalisation is a promising method to tune the electronic structure of graphene, and the two-dimensional structure of graphene enables access to both of its faces for various types of functionalisation. Here, we present the effect of covalent functionalisation on the Raman spectrum in terms of monofacial (one-sided) and bifacial (two-sided) functionalisation using both monolayer and bilayer graphene. Asymmetrical or ‘Janus’ functionalisation is found to provide significantly increased levels of doping compared to other schemes allowing for control over graphene's electronic structure as well as control over surface functionality.