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In this work, BiOBr photocatalysts doped with zinc ions were manufactured to improve their photocatalytic degradation of methyl blue (MB). Among them, Zn2+/BiOBr-8 exhibited the highest photodegradation efficiency of MB after 100 min of illumination. After six-cycle experiments, it was found that its photocatalytic performance remained at a high level. The composition and microstructure of the materials were characterized by techniques such as XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, and TEM. The optical properties and the photodegradation performance of the materials were investigated by DRS, PL, photocurrent, and active species trapping experiments. The reasonable mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of MB was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a L -cysteine-functionalized carbon-coated magnetic nanocomposite (CoFe2O4/C@Cys) was effectively synthesized and employed as an adsorbent in effervescent tablet-assisted dispersive solid-phase microextraction (ET-DSPM) for enrichment of heavy metals (Fe(III) and Zn(II)). The as-prepared composites were extensively characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) techniques. The influence of various factors on the extraction efficiency of heavy metals was methodically examined in this study. After quickly transferring the effervescence tablet into the aqueous sample, the effervescent agent (sodium dihydrogen phosphate and sodium carbonate) simultaneously reacted and produced carbon dioxide (CO2). The in situ produced CO2 facilitated the dispersion of nanoparticles in the aqueous sample and significantly enhanced the extraction efficiency. Under the optimal parameters, the results showed that the CoFe2O4/C@Cys-ET-DSPM method displayed superior analytical performance for quantification of two heavy metals in milk samples with a preconcentration factor of 20, limits of detection (LODs) of 0.10–0.12 μg kg−1, recoveries of 77.1–101.7% and RSDs of 1.1–7.0%, respectively. The one-step extraction approach combined with an atomic absorption spectrometer exhibits promising potential for application in field analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are the most promising batteries in the field of energy storage due to their advantages of good safety, high specific capacity and environmental friendliness. However, the practical application is hindered by the poor electrochemical kinetic period. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), with their porous structure and abundant active sites, have gained wide attention in the field of preparing nanomaterials and are expected to solve the problem of AZIBs. This paper describes the research progress of MOF-derived cathode and anode materials in AZIBs and proposes future research directions and application prospects, providing guidance for the rational design of AZIB materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have inherent merits, such as a low price, good safety and high volumetric capacity, and have promising potential for widespread applications. However, the unexpected issues posed by both water-induced side reactions and the uncontrollable growth of zinc dendrites on the zinc anode-electrolyte interface have significantly hindered the widespread application of AZIBs. In this work, barbital (Bb), which has two amide groups, was introduced into a ZnSO4 electrolyte to create a Bb@ZnSO4 electrolyte. The hydrolysis of the amide groups resulted in the formation of strong polar groups (carboxyl and amino), which could efficiently anchor zinc ions. Specifically, through the derivation of Bb, it was possible to adjust the Zn2+ solvation structure, decreasing the coordinated active SO42-/H2Oand promoting the anchoring of these species on the surface of the zinc anode. This process provided electrostatic shielding and isolates the SO42-/H2O, demonstrating an interface regulating effect and synergistic solvation. Therefore, Bb could mitigate electrochemical corrosion and facilitate dendrite-free homogeneous zinc deposition. As a consequence, the assembled asymmetric ZnV2O5 full cell utilizing the Bb@ZnSO4 electrolyte showed highest specific capacities of 294.9 and 92.7 mA h g-1 at 0.1 and 1 A g-1, much higher than the ZnV2O5 full cell with the ZnSO4 electrolyte, which delivered specific capacities of 161.1 and 3.0 mA h g-1 at the same current densities. These findings promise to realize the practical application of Bb as an efficient additive in high-performance AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In pursuit of highly active zinc–air battery (ZAB) catalysts, nitrogen doping has proven key to enhancing carbon-based non-metallic catalysts' performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). This study employed a novel method to synthesize variously sized ZnO materials coated with ZIF-8. Notably, smaller particle sizes correlated with reduced activation energy. ZnO-12, the smallest variant, fully carbonized at 800 °C, resulting in zinc ion evaporation and the formation of an amorphous carbon nano-hollow structure, ZIF8/ZnO-12. This material showcased remarkable ORR properties, with an onset potential of 0.9 V (vs. RHE) and a Tafel slope of 71.4 mV dec−1, surpassing the benchmark Pt/C catalyst and exhibiting excellent stability. Moreover, in ZAB tests, ZIF8/ZnO-12 achieved a specific capacity of 816 mA h g−1, outperforming Pt/C. DFT calculations indicate that under alkaline conditions, nitrogen-doped carbon materials containing adsorbed oxygen and doped oxygen exhibit lower catalytic activation energy for the ORR, which is beneficial for accelerating the ORR. This research provides valuable insights into designing more efficient carbon-based non-metallic catalysts for ZABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report a gold-furnished mesh as the current collector for Zn electrodeposition, which is used as the anode in aqueous zinc-ion batteries. The anode exhibits excellent cycling performance without obvious dendrite growth, and the full cell shows an outstanding specific capacity and long-term durability, surpassing those of bare Zn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antimicrobial peptides are promising alternatives to classical antibiotics. Their microbicidal activity can arise from different mechanisms, one of which is known as nutritional immunity and has metal micronutrients and metal-binding biomolecules as its main players. Calcitermin is an antimicrobial peptide and an effective metal chelator. Its properties as an antibacterial and anti-Candida agent have been recently studied both as a free peptide and in the presence of zinc and copper ions, with which it forms stable complexes. Calcitermin derivatives have also gained attention thanks to the possibility of improving their properties, like metal-binding affinity and/or stability in biological fluids, through ad hoc modifications of the native peptide sequence. In this work, the Ala-to-Ser substitutions close to the coordination site of calcitermin have been introduced to study the impact on the biological activity and metal-binding properties. Our results show that metal coordination has a clear impact on the bioactivity of the studied compounds, to the point that the truncated fragment of calcitermin, solely containing the main metal-binding residues, also shows antimicrobial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The document is a contents list for the journal Chemical Society Reviews. It highlights various articles and reviews that have been published in the journal, covering topics such as colorimetric sensing, zinc-ion dehydration strategies, metal nanowire-based transparent electrodes, sodium layered oxide cathodes, one-pot chemo- and photo-enzymatic cascade processes, functionalized 2D membranes for separations, nucleic acid-based wearable and implantable electrochemical sensors, and catalytic asymmetric synthesis of 1,2-diamines. The journal aims to connect the world with the chemical sciences and reinvest its profits back into the chemistry community. [Extracted from the article]

Aqueous Zn–metal batteries have attracted increasing interest for large-scale energy storage owing to their outstanding merits in terms of safety, cost and production. However, they constantly suffer from inadequate energy density and poor cycling stability due to the presence of zinc ions in the fully hydrated solvation state. Thus, designing the dehydrated solvation structure of zinc ions can effectively address the current drawbacks of aqueous Zn–metal batteries. In this case, considering the lack of studies focused on strategies for the dehydration of zinc ions, herein, we present a systematic and comprehensive review to deepen the understanding of zinc-ion solvation regulation. Two fundamental design principles of component regulation and pre-desolvation are summarized in terms of solvation environment formation and interfacial desolvation behavior. Subsequently, specific strategy based distinct principles are carefully discussed, including preparation methods, working mechanisms, analysis approaches and performance improvements. Finally, we present a general summary of the issues addressed using zinc-ion dehydration strategies, and four critical aspects to promote zinc-ion solvation regulation are presented as an outlook, involving updating (de)solvation theories, revealing interfacial evolution, enhancing analysis techniques and developing functional materials. We believe that this review will not only stimulate more creativity in optimizing aqueous electrolytes but also provide valuable insights into designing other battery systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A separator modification strategy was proposed by placing nitrogen-doped carbon fibers (NCF700) in the middle of the separator to prevent direct contact between the coating and the rigid zinc metal anode, resulting in coating cracks. The NCF700 coating can homogenize the electric field distribution and increase the transference number of zinc ions. Therefore, the battery assembled with the NCF700 coated separator exhibits superior cycling stability compared to the bare separator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a SiO2 doped polyvinyl alcohol/polyethylene glycol (PVA/PEG) gel polymer electrolyte (PVA/PEG-SiO2) was constructed via an ice-crystal template for zinc-ion batteries. The SiO2 and the three-dimensional porous skeleton make it have excellent ionic conductivity and mechanical strength, and inhibit the growth of dendrites. The assembled ZIBs exhibit excellent rate performance and cycle stability, making it a promising electrolyte membrane candidate for flexible wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing vanadium-based cathode materials with high-capacity and long-term stability for aqueous zinc ion batteries still remains challenging. Herein, novel hierarchical durian-shaped vanadium trioxide@carbon (V2O3@C) hollow microspheres were prepared using a hydrothermal-carbonization strategy. In situ electrochemically induced phase conversion from V2O3@C to Zn3(OH)2(V2O7)·(H2O)2@C was confirmed during the first charging process via in situ and ex situ characterization techniques. The obtained Zn3(OH)2(V2O7)·(H2O)2@C cathode delivers reversible zinc de-intercalation/intercalation and exhibits a high reversible capacity of 562 mA h g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, superior rate performance and long cycle stability (191.4 mA h g−1 is maintained even after 2000 cycles at 10 A g−1). This strategy provides a promising approach to the development of high-performance storage zinc cathode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) have emerged as promising candidates for renewable energy storage owing to their affordability, safety, and sustainability. However, issues with Zn metal anodes, such as dendrite growth, hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and corrosion, significantly hinder the practical application of ZIBs. To address these issues, organic solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layers have gained traction in the ZIB community as they can, for instance, help achieve uniform Zn plating/stripping and suppress side reactions. This article summarizes recent advances in organic artificial SEI layers for ZIB anodes, including their fabrication methods, electrochemical performance, and degradation suppression mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel metal–organic framework based on octa-nuclear zinc clusters, namely [Zn4(L)(OH)2(H2O)4] (Zn-MOF) (H6L = hexakis(4-carboxylatophenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene), has been synthesized and structurally characterized by a solvothermal method. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction shows that eight zinc ions form a linear octa-nuclear cluster via a μ3-OH group, and each hexakis(4-carboxylatophenoxy)-cyclotriphosphazene connects four octa-nuclear clusters to construct 3D frameworks with one-dimensional pore structures. Zn-MOF exhibits suitable fluorescence properties, water stability as well as thermal stability, and can be applied as a convenient fluorescent probe for the detection of radioactive uranyl cations (UO22+) and ferric ions (Fe3+) through fluorescence quenching behavior. The corresponding Ksv values can reach 7.44 × 103 M−1 and 1.49 × 104 M−1. Meanwhile, the theoretical calculations fully indicated that the introduction of UO22+ effectively inhibited the metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) of Zn-MOF, which in turn led to the fluorescence quenching phenomenon. Therefore, Zn-MOF prepared using crystal engineering can be used to construct an efficient and reliable fluorescent probe used in the fields of environmental monitoring and nuclear waste treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dual-additive-based aqueous electrolyte was designed with a pH-buffering additive (Zn(OAc)2) and an electrostatic shielding additive (TMAOAc) for high Zn plating/stripping efficiency. The buffering pair, OAc−/HOAc, can stabilize the pH value to suppress side hydrogen evolution reactions. Meanwhile, TMA+ acts as a competitive cation being preferentially adsorbed on the uneven surface of the Zn anode and exerts an electrostatic shielding effect to facilitate flat Zn deposition. Such a dual-additive-based electrolyte promotes an ultra-high Zn plating/stripping efficiency of 99.9% at 1 mA cm−2 and long-term cycling stability for 3600 h at 0.5 mA cm−2, offering valuable insights for advanced aqueous batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A photorechargeable supercapacitor was constructed using vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), reduced graphene oxide hydrogel (rGH), and zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate (Zn(CF3SO3)2) as the photoanode, cathode, and electrolyte, respectively. The phase composition, microstructure, chemical structure, light absorption, and specific surface area of the synthesized products and the electrochemical performance of the rGH/V2O5 supercapacitor were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, and an electrochemical workstation, respectively. The results show that the device has a specific capacity of 164 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 under illumination with 95 mW cm−2 light intensity, which is 20.5% higher than that under normal electrical charging. The supercapacitor has a 75% capacity retention rate and 100% coulombic efficiency, respectively, after 10 000 testing cycles under photoelectric synergistic charging and discharging. The as-constructed rGH/V2O5 photorechargeable supercapacitor exhibits promising application potential in electric vehicles and wearable electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have great potential in the field of stationary energy storage due to their low manufacturing cost and high safety. However, the zinc dendrite growth arising from the uneven deposition of zinc ions has been inhibiting the application of AZIBs. In this work, hydrophilic and nanocrystalline carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are synthesized and used as electrolyte additives to improve the dendrite issue. The abundant hydrophilic groups on CQDs are favorable for homogeneous Zn deposition, whereas the improved conductivity due to the high graphitization of CQDs reduces the solid-electrolyte interface impedance and lowers the polarization voltage, resulting in better rate capability of Zn-ion batteries. Owing to the reduced energy barrier of Zn2+ nucleation and the enhanced kinetics of Zn2+ plating/stripping derived from the hydrophilic and nanocrystalline CQDs, the Zn//Zn symmetrical batteries with CQDs can operate stably for more than 1000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2, and show superior rate performance with low voltage hysteresis of 98.3, 120.5, 156.4, and 210.2 mV at current densities of 1, 2, 3 and 4 mA cm−2. Moreover, Zn//Cu half-cells with CQDs achieve a high average coulombic efficiency of 99.7% at 1 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mA h cm−2, and Zn//MnO2 full batteries can be cycled more than 500 times with a capacity retention of 74%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the first result of large scale and oxygen vacancy VO2 porous thin sheets assembled by a 3D interconnected nanoflake array framework, which is recorded as VOd. The as-prepared VOd was characterized by various methods and Zn2+ intercalation/deintercalation and structural decomposition mechanisms were proposed based on ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the development of a distance-based thread analytical device (dTAD) integrated with an ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) for quantitative monitoring of zinc ions (Zn2+) in human urine samples. The IIP was easily chemically modified onto the thread channel using dithizone (DTZ) as a ligand to bind to Zn2+ with methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as well as 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as cross-linking agents to enhance the selectivity for Zn2+ detection. The imprinted polymer was characterized using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Under optimization, the linear detection range was from 1.0 to 20.0 mg L-1 (R2 = 0.9992) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 mg L-1. Other potentially interfering metal ions and molecules did not interfere with this approach, leading to high selectivity. Furthermore, our technique exhibits a remarkable recovery ranging from 100.48% to 103.16%, with the highest relative standard deviation (% RSD) of 5.44% for monitoring Zn2+ in human control urine samples, indicating high accuracy and precision. Similarly, there is no significant statistical difference between the results obtained using our method and standards on zinc supplement sample labels. The proposed method offers several advantages in detecting trace Zn2+ for point-of-care (POC) medical diagnostics and environmental sample analysis, such as ease of use, instrument-free readout, and cost efficiency. Overall, our developed dTADbased IIP method holds potential for simple, affordable, and rapid detection of Zn2+ levels and can be applied to other metal ions' analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) offer numerous advantages, such as high energy density, enhanced safety, and low cost, making them an ideal choice for energy storage and conversion applications in the “postlithium” era. Hydrogel electrolytes, as the key component of flexible ZIBs, combine the ionic conductivity of traditional water electrolytes with the dimensional stability of solid polymer electrolytes. However, it remains a challenge to design comprehensive and appropriate hydrogel electrolytes to provide flexible ZIBs with good reversibility and versatility. This review discusses the engineering design of hydrogel electrolytes required for flexible ZIBs from the viewpoint of an electrolyte designer. The basic properties of the hydrogel electrolytes, zinc anodes, cathodes and electrolyte stabilization effects are described in detail. Furthermore, we explore the various challenges faced by hydrogel electrolytes and propose corresponding strategies. Finally, the review offers insights into the future development of hydrogel-stabilized ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an emerging energy storage device, zinc ion hybrid supercapacitors (ZHSCs) have attracted wide interest because of their intrinsic safety, high energy/power densities, and long cycle life. However, problems of liquid leakage and zinc dendrite growth seriously hinder its widespread application. To solve the above problems, a gelatin/polyacrylamide/agarose/Zn(CF3SO3)2 hydrogel electrolyte (G/PAAm/AG/Zn(CF3SO3)2) was designed by constructing a multi-crosslinked network of physically crosslinked gelatin and agarose coupled with chemically crosslinked polyacrylamide. The tested results show that G/PAAm/AG/Zn(CF3SO3)2 can effectively prevent electrolyte leakage and inhibit zinc dendrite growth. Moreover, G/PAAm/AG/Zn(CF3SO3)2 possesses high ionic conductivity (2.64 S m−1), high tensile strength (72.4 kPa at 489.2%), and high compressive strength (164.5 kPa at 80%). Additionally, a highly connected porous carbon material (denoted as HSSPC) with high specific surface area (2930.9 m2 g−1) was synthesized, which exhibits a reversible capacity of 183.5 mA h g−1 and good cycling stability (the capacity remains at 96.6% after 10 000 cycles). More importantly, the quasi-solid-state ZHSC based on G/PAAm/AG/Zn(CF3SO3)2 and HSSPC delivers a high specific capacity (122.8 mA h g−1, 0.25 A g−1), high energy/power densities (96.1 Wh kg−1/14.4 kW kg−1), and good cycling stability (capacity retention can be maintained at 114.0% of the initial capacity after 14 000 cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium-based oxides are considered potential cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) due to their distinctive layered (or tunnel) structure suitable for zinc ion storage. However, the structural instability and sluggish kinetics of vanadium-based oxides have limited their capacity and cycling stability for large-scale applications. To overcome these shortcomings, here a porous vanadium-based oxide doped with zinc ions and carbon with the molecular formula ZnV2O4@C (ZVO@C) as the cathode material is synthesized by the pyrolysis of a bimetallic MOF precursor containing Zn/V. This electrode demonstrates a remarkable specific capacity of 425 mA h g−1 at 0.5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability with about 97% capacity retention after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1. The excellent electrochemical performance of ZVO@C can be attributed to more reaction active sites and the faster reaction kinetics for zinc ion diffusion and storage brought about by the porous layered spinel-type tunnel structure with high surface area and massive mesoporosity, as well as the enhanced electron transport efficiency and more stable channel structure achieved from the doped conductive carbon. The reaction mechanism and structural evolution of the ZVO@C electrode are analyzed using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, revealing the formation of a new phase of ZnxV2O5·nH2O during the first charge, which participates in reversible cycling together with ZVO@C during the charging and discharging processes. Moreover, the energy storage mechanism is revealed, in which zinc ions and hydrogen ions jointly participate in intercalation and extraction. The present study demonstrates that constructing composite vanadium-based oxides based on bimetallic organic frameworks as precursor templates is an effective strategy for the development of high-performance cathode materials for AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors has been gaining much attention due to the combination of their high energy and power density. However, the cost of preparation and poor rate performance of porous carbon cathode materials are two major issues limiting their large-scale utilization. In this study, we used nano calcium carbonate as the hard template agent and economical lignin as the carbon source to synthesize lignin-derived porous carbon with high specific surface areas and high mesopore ratios. Through a double decomposition reaction, calcium chloride produced by acid pickling is combined with sodium carbonate to create nano-calcium carbonate, thus enabling the regeneration of nano-calcium carbonate. More importantly, carbon dioxide resulting from the pyrolysis of calcium carbonate causes an internal activation effect on carbon materials, thus causing the formation of micropores and expanding the pore size of some micropores and small mesopores. Through this strategy, the specific surface area of lignin-derived porous carbon is up to 860.5 m² g-1, and the mesopore volume accounts for more than 90% of the total pore volume. The zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitor with lignin-derived porous carbon as the cathode displays an impressive capacity retention rate of 64% when the current density is increased from 0.1 to 20 A g-1. This work provides a green and sustainable route for the development of low-cost, high-rate performance porous carbon materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a high specific capacity and stable vanadium-based cathode material is very attractive for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs). Herein, an in situ electrochemically oxidized cathode is fabricated based on a V2O3@MXene cathode for Zn-ion storage. V2O3@MXene undergoes a phase transition to Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O and ZnyVOz on the first charge, thus allowing for the subsequent insertion/de-insertion of zinc ions, which can be regulated by the amount of H2O in the electrolyte. The MXene in the composite was also beneficial to electron transfer and cycling stability. V2O3@MXene delivered a high capacity of 450 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, ultra-high-rate performance and cycling stability as well as high energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CoMnHCF is utilized in aqueous sodium/zinc mixed ion batteries and exhibits a high reversible capacity with good rate and cycle performances. At 0.05 A g−1 current density, the CoMnHCF can deliver a specific capacity for 180.4 mA h g−1, and have 99.3% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.3 A g−1. Such high reversible capacity profits from Mn vacancies that generate in situ during the first cycle, which provides more active sites for Zn storage. The de-intercalation of Na+ further elevates this good electrochemical performance. Co atoms in the framework are not only involved in the redox reactions, but help to support the structure, thus achieving better cycle stabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The degraded performance due to uncontrolled dendrite growth and unfavorable side reactions of the zinc metal anode seriously affects the further application of aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). In this work, the inexpensive and readily available natural material diatomite with unique structural and compositional advantages was employed for zinc metal anode modification. In terms of composition, under the modulating effect of the unique built-in electric field of the high-entropy composition, the transport kinetics of zinc ions at the electrode interface is effectively regulated, achieving a beneficial deposition process beneath the modified layer. In terms of structure, the porous structure abundant with hydroxyl groups allows the solventized structure of Zn(H2O)62+ to be reconstituted, enabling an efficient desolventization process of zinc ions. As a result, a stable cycling performance of 3200 h at 1 mA cm−2 is achieved. Long cycling stability is also realized in the assembled full cell. This work provides an effective regulating mechanism for the research of Zn–metal interfacial modification. The development of natural high-entropy materials is expected to provide a new reference for the synthetic high-entropy materials and further broaden the path to high-performance aqueous ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising candidate to replace lithium-ion batteries, rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIB) are receiving increasing attention due their high energy density, high safety, low cost and environmental friendliness. In this study, metal ions may be introduced into the interlayer gap of layered vanadium oxide nanobelts through a one-step hydrothermal process, without changing their original structure. Moreover, we have demonstrated by density functional theory computations that Mn metal ions not only serve as structural pillars but also enhance the conductivity of MnxVO2·0.2H2O, facilitating the migration of Zn ions. As a result, the electrochemical performance of MnxVO2·0.2H2O as an AZIB cathode has significantly improved; after 100 cycles at 0.5 A g−1, it exhibits a high reversible capacity of 350 mA h g−1. With a high current density of 5 A g−1, the initial capacity can still reach 295 mA h g−1. This paper suggests an effective method to maximize the efficiency of AZIB electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reduce the high polarization caused by the hysteresis effect of O2 diffusion and boost the power density of oxygen cathodes under a transient heavy load, an Al-MOF-derived porous carbon-modified Pt/C catalyst is proposed as a new capacitive ORR catalyst to construct super fuel cells (SFCs) via an ORR + EDLC dual-discharge parallel process. Herein, a capacitive porous carbon material (BTCC-2) with a large specific surface area (SSA) and high graphitization was synthesized via one-step carbonization of Al-MOFs (Al-BTC). After compounding BTCC-2 with commercial Pt/C catalysts, electrochemical tests were performed and revealed that the composite with 40% BTCC-2 provided the highest transient discharge performance. Moreover, the composite had a higher onset potential and limiting current density (5.236 mA cm−2) than Pt/C and a half-wave potential (0.833 V) comparable to that of Pt/C. The abundant pore structure and large surface of BTCC-2 greatly increased the interaction between oxygen and the catalyst surface. Besides, the contained BTCC-2 serve as a significant power bank to remarkably buffer and relieve the rapidly decreasing output voltage under an instant heavy load owing to the oxygen deficiencies in a Zn–air battery through the ORR + EDLC dual-parallel-discharge process. The proposed SFC design has potential as a universal method to solve the sluggish ORR process and provide high transient power density for fuel cell-driven vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the increasing demand for higher security and low-cost energy storage systems, the main research focus has been developing a suitable substitute for lithium-ion batteries. Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered the best alternative to lithium-ion batteries in large-scale energy storage devices. Owing to its high capacity, vanadate is a promising cathode material for AZIBs. The crystallographic orientation of cathode materials dramatically influences the rate performance and cycling life. Here, Mg0.57V5O12·2.3H2O (MgVO) with favorable (001) crystal orientation and significantly improved electrochemical performance is prepared by a simple stirring method. The crystal growth orientations of MgVO are altered by adjusting the aging time of the reactant solution. The (001)-orientated grain growth of MgVO delivers a 232.5 mA h g−1 capacity at 5 A g−1 with a 94% capacity retention rate after 1400 cycles. The zinc ion storage performance of MgVO demonstrates that the orientation-controlled method can design effective cathode materials for high-performance ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) are garnering significant attention as a promising energy storage system owing to their high safety, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Among various cathode materials, one-dimensional (1D) tunnel vanadium-based cathode materials have been extensively studied for their excellent electrochemical performance. In this mini review, we present a summary of recent research progress on 1D tunnel VO2(B) cathode materials for AZIBs. Specifically, we delve into their crystal structure, morphology, and charge–discharge mechanism, and the impact of various synthesis and modification methods on their morphology and electrochemical performance. Additionally, we provide insights into key strategies employed to enhance the electrochemical performance of VO2(B). Furthermore, we underscore both the opportunities and challenges in this domain while also discussing the future prospects for the development of 1D tunnel VO2(B) cathode materials in AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial infections are a big challenge in clinical treatment, making it urgent to develop innovative antibacterial systems and therapies to combat bacterial infections. In this study, we developed a novel MOF-based synergistic antibacterial system (Eu@B-UiO-66/Zn) by loading a natural antibacterial substance (eugenol) with hierarchically porous MOF B-UiO-66 as a carrier and further complexing it with divalent zinc ions. Results indicate that the system achieved a controlled release of eugenol under pH responsive stimulation, with the complexation ability of eugenol and Zn2+ ions as a switch. Due to the destruction of a coordination bond between eugenol and Zn2+ ions by an acidic medium, the release of eugenol loaded in Eu@B-UiO-66/Zn reached 80% at pH 5.8, which was significantly higher than that under pH 8.0 (51%). Moreover, the inhibitory effect of Eu@B-UiO-66/Zn against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) after 24 h was 96.4% and 99.7%, respectively, owing to the synergistic antibacterial effect of eugenol and Zn2+ ions, which was significantly stronger than free eugenol and Eu@B-UiO-66. We hope that this strategy for constructing responsive MOF-based antibacterial carriers could have potential possibilities for the application of MOF materials in antibacterial fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc metal is widely considered as the primary option for constructing various aqueous batteries due to its cost-effectiveness, safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the Zn anode continues to be plagued by parasitic reactions and dendrite growth in aqueous electrolytes, limiting the practical implementation of zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) for large-scale energy storage. Herein, a foveolate ZnTe nanoarray is developed as a protective layer to enhance the chemical reversibility during Zn plating/stripping. The semi-conductive ZnTe with excellent ionic conductivity and hydrophobicity can effectually prevent the corrosion reactions, hydrogen generation and dendritic growth on the surface of the Zn anode. As a result, the Zn@ZnTe symmetrical cells achieve ultrahigh cycling stability (over 2800 h at 2 mA cm−2 and 1 mA h cm−2) and simultaneously deliver a low voltage hysteresis of 28 mV. Additionally, the durable Zn@ZnTe//V2O5 cells exhibit a remarkable capacity retention of 96.7% after 3000 cycles, surpassing that of the Zn//V2O5 cells. This work provides a straightforward and low-cost strategy to regulate the interface chemistry of the Zn anode, which may open a way for the development of practical ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is a big challenge to retain the water and thus reduce the charge impedance for solid electrolytes used in flexible and wearable zinc ion batteries. Here, we propose novel phytic acid (PA) cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels as high-performanced solid electrolytes strengthened by the Hofmeister effect. In this approach, freeze-thawing followed by a salting-out procedure via anions to induce the Hofmeister effect can greatly improve the tensile strain and flexibility of the hydrogels. The PA addition dramatically enhances the ionic conductivity and increases the affinity between the electrolyte and zinc plate. Consequently, the PVA/PA hydrogels exhibit remarkable electrochemical performances with stable full-cell cycling in zinc ion storage and capability in inhibiting Zn dendrite growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reaction of Zn ions with β-octaalkylcorroles leads to the air oxidation of the macrocycle, with the formation of a mixture of 5- and 10-oxocorroles. Spectroscopic characterization confirms the antiaromatic character of these macrocycles. A simple synthetic protocol opens the way for more detailed studies of oxocorrole chemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, waste shell is directly used as a raw material to synthesize CaV3O7 as a cathode for aqueous zinc ion batteries. The obtained cathode material exhibits better performance than that of CaV3O7 prepared from pure calcium carbonate as a raw material. At 0.1 A g−1, the CaV3O7 prepared by spent shell as a calcium source displays a highly reversible discharge capacity of 373 mA h g−1. A high initial discharge capacity of 177.7 mA h g−1 can be gained at 5.0 A g−1, and the specific capacity remains at 133.3 mA h g−1 with a capacity retention of 75% after 3000 cycles. This work may spark inspiration for energy storage and generate more effective routes for recycling solid waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is the contents list for an issue of the journal Chemical Communications. It provides information about the articles in the issue, including the ISSN, CODEN, and page numbers. The cover image is credited to Dr. Xuedan Wu from the Li lab and Sci-Shine Studio Co., Ltd. The document also includes information about the Royal Society of Chemistry, the editorial staff, subscription details, and the editorial board. It provides instructions for authors who wish to submit material for publication and guidelines for reproducing published contributions. The document also lists featured articles and communications that have been published in the journal. It is published by The Royal Society of Chemistry and includes copyright information and guidelines for use. [Extracted from the article]

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs) are considered as promising energy storage devices in the post-lithium-ion era, due to their high energy density, low cost, high safety, and environmental benignity, however their commercialization is hindered by the sluggish diffusion kinetics of cathode materials due to the large hydrate Zn2+ radius. In this work, we propose a unique structure inheritance strategy for preparing Bi2S3 micro-straws in which a metal–organic framework (MOF) denoted as Bi-PYDC (PYDC2− = 3,5-pyridinedicarboxylate) with a string of [Bi2O2]2+ chains is judiciously selected as the structure-directing template to induce the formation of micro-straws based on a topochemical reaction. The distinctive hollow structure significantly enhances the ionic storage kinetics. Impressively, the obtained battery exhibits an ultra-long cycle life of more than 10 000 cycles at a current density of 1 A g−1 while maintaining a capacity of more than 153.4 mA h g−1. In addition, the Zn2+ insertion/extraction mechanism of Bi2S3 micro-straws is also investigated by multiple analytical methods, revealing the involvement of Zn2+ rather than H+ in the electrochemical storage process. This work may lead a new direction for constructing high performance cathodes of Zn-ion batteries through a MOF-based structure-directing template. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is the contents list for an issue of the journal Chemical Communications, published by The Royal Society of Chemistry. It includes articles on drug delivery using biocompatible covalent organic frameworks and progress in controllable bioorthogonal catalysis for prodrug activation. The journal aims to connect the world with the chemical sciences. The document also provides information about the editorial staff, subscription details, and the editorial board of the journal. It includes instructions for authors on how to submit material for publication and guidelines for reproducing the publication. The rest of the document consists of a list of articles published in the journal, along with their titles and authors. [Extracted from the article]

An "inside-out regulation" strategy is proposed to improve the Zn2+ storage of MnO by Ni doping into the lattice and graphene wrapping outside the nanoparticles. The as-prepared Ni-MnO@rGO exhibits 112 mA h g−1 at 2.0 A g−1 over 800 cycles, due to the improved transport of electrons and ions from the synergistical function of intrinsic doping and external graphene encapsulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, vanadium-based cathodes for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are limited by their slow reaction kinetics, poor electrical conductivity, and low capacity retention. To overcome these problems, here, we design a layered porous Mn0.18V2O5@C as the cathode material for AZIBs using a manganesecontaining metal-organic framework as a template through a simple solvothermal method. Such an electrode delivers an excellent specific capacity (380 mA h g-1 at 0.1 A g-1) accompanied by superior cycling stability (about 85% capacity retention for 2000 cycles at 6 A g-1). The excellent electrochemical performance of Mn0.18V2O5@C is ascribed to the improved interface activity including smooth zinc ion transport, abundant ion reaction active sites and accelerated charge transfer resulting from the coordination of the porous structure, doped conductive carbon, and the stable channel structure derived from the pillar effect of doping manganese ions, preventing a premature collapse of the electrode structure. It is also revealed by structural evolution analysis that the residual zinc ions also combine with the original Mn0.18V2O5 to form a ZnxMnyV2O5 phase, which serves as an additional structural pillar and in the meantime, also participates in the following cycles. These favorable electrochemical results suggest that Mn0.18V2O5@C is a suitable cathode material for AZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc-ion hybrid capacitors with neutral electrolytes have good safety, excellent power density, and energy density. However, zinc-ion hybrid capacitors rely on expensive porous carbon cathode materials. Additional chemical reagents are required to activate precursor during the pore-forming process. Therefore, it is essential to develop porous carbon with low preparation costs and high performance. In this work, low-cost calcium lignosulfonate (CLS) as a carbon source was used to prepare N, O, and S tri-doped hierarchical porous carbon (LHPC) by a one-step carbonization method without additional pore-forming agents. During high-temperature carbonization, the self-pyrolysis of CLS yields a variety of gaseous products as well as inorganic salts like calcium carbonate and calcium sulfate, which work as pore-forming agents. Used as a cathode, LHPC-700 was assembled into an asymmetric zinc ion electrochemical capacitor. The capacitor exhibits a gravimetric specific capacitance of 178.7 F g−1 at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 and an energy density of 63.5 W h kg−1. This study provides an idea for the sustainable utilization of lignin resources to prepare three-dimensional hierarchical porous carbon electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous rechargeable zinc ion batteries (ARZIBs) are ideal for massive and longstanding energy storage applications because of their excellent security and low operation cost. Nevertheless, ARZIBs are subject to the severe corrosion reaction of zinc metal anodes that is derived from the thermodynamic unsteadiness of the zinc anodes in aqueous solution, as well as zinc dendrite growth originating from uncontrolled zinc deposition. Herein, we created a separator by coating a thin piece of polypropylene (PP) with a compound consisting of zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate [Zn(OTf)2] and poly(vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP). Consequently, the severe corrosion reaction of the zinc metal anodes and the profuse formation of zinc dendrites were effectively mitigated by the novel PP separator, which prolonged the lifetime of the zinc metal anodes. When a zinc metal plating layer was used with preferential (002) crystallographic orientation, the cyclic performance over 1100 h of the symmetrical Zn∥Zn battery based on the novel separator was steady. Additionally, the Zn∥MnO2 batteries exhibited an impressive specific capacity and competitive long durability of 75.5% over 500 cycles at a current density of 0.1 A g−1. With this work, we intend to set the standard for designing novel separators in the construction of advanced zinc anodes for high-performance ARZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ubiquitin signalling and metal homeostasis play key roles in controlling several physiological cellular activities, including protein trafficking and degradation. While some relationships between these two biochemical pathways have started to surface, our knowledge of their interplay remains limited. Here, we employ a variety of techniques, such as circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimetry, pressure perturbation calorimetry, fluorescence emission, SDS-PAGE, and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to evaluate the impact of Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions on the structure and stability of K48 linked diubiquitin (K48-Ub2), a simple model for polyubiquitin chains. The SAXS analysis results show that the structure of the metal-free protein is similar to that observed when the protein is bound to the E2 conjugating enzyme, lending support to the idea that the structure of unanchored K48-linked ubiquitin chains is sufficient for identification by conjugating enzymes without the need for an induced fit mechanism. Our results indicate that K48-Ub2 can coordinate up to four metal ions with both copper and zinc ions inducing slight changes to the secondary structure of the protein. However, we noted significant distinctions in their impacts on protein stability and overall architecture. Specifically, Cu2+ ions resulted in a destabilization of the protein structure, which facilitated the formation of dimer aggregates. Next, we observed a shift in the conformational dynamics of K48-Ub2 toward less compact and more flexible states upon metal ion binding, with Zn2+ inducing a more significant effect than Cu2+ ions. Our structural modelling study demonstrates that both metal ions induced perturbations in the K48-Ub2 structure, leading to the separation of the two monomers thus inhibiting interactions with E2 enzymes. In conclusion, the findings from this study enhance our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying Ub chains recognition. Moreover, they strengthen the notion that drug discovery initiatives aimed at targeting metal-mediated disruptions in Ub signaling hold great potential for treating a wide range of diseases that stem from abnormal protein accumulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc-ion batteries are one of the promising energy storage devices, which have the advantages of environmental friendliness, high safety and low price and are expected to be used in large-scale battery application fields. However, four prominent water-induced adverse reactions, including zinc dendrite formation, zinc corrosion, passivation and the hydrogen evolution reaction in aqueous systems, seriously shorten the cycling life of zinc-ion batteries and greatly hinder their development. Based on this, polymer gel electrolytes have been developed to alleviate these issues due to their unique network structure, which can reduce water activity and suppress water-induced side reactions. Based on the challenges of polymer gel electrolytes, this review systematically summarizes the latest research progress in the use of additives in them and explores new perspectives in response to the existing problems with polymer electrolytes. In order to expand the performance of polymer gel electrolytes in zinc-ion batteries, a range of different types of additives are added via physical/chemical crosslinking, such as organic or inorganic substances, natural plants, etc. In addition, different types of additives and polymerization crosslinking from different angles essentially improve the ionic conductivity of the gel electrolyte, inhibit the growth of zinc dendrites, and reduce hydrogen evolution and oxygen-absorbed corrosion. After these modifications of polymer gel electrolytes, a more stable and superior electrochemical performance of zinc-ion batteries can be obtained, which provides some strategies for solid-state zinc-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of substances with antibacterial properties has expanded greatly in recent years. However, there are few reports about the antibacterial activity of Ag@MOFs and I2@MOFs. In this study, ZIF-7 was used to load iodine (I2@ZIF-7) and silver nanoparticles (Ag@ZIF-7). FT-IR spectroscopy, PXRD, ZP, SEM, TEM, TGA, and BET analysis were used to investigate the successful synthesis of the samples. I2@ZIF-7 and Ag@ZIF-7 showed prolonged release of I2 and Ag+ up to 11 days, in addition to Zn2+ cation release. Finally, S. aureus and E. coli bacteria were used to study the antibacterial activity of the samples. The results showed that the antibacterial activity increased in the samples containing iodine (I2@ZIF-7) and silver nanoparticles (Ag@ZIF-7). ZIF-7 has antibacterial components, zinc metal ions, as an antibacterial agent and a suitable ligand, along with iodine and silver, causing a synergistic effect, which was another reason for choosing ZIF-7. I2@ZIF-7 and Ag@ZIF-7 showed a certain amount of antibacterial substance release such as iodine and silver gradually and for a long time (for about 11 days). I2@ZIF-7 and Ag@ZIF-7 also showed better antibacterial activity than other reported Ag@MOFs and I2@MOFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing energy demand globally, it is extremely essential to design and develop stable and safe energy storage systems. Various aqueous multivalent ion batteries are considered worthwhile choices. In particular, zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted much attention owing to their characteristics of environmental friendliness, high safety and unique properties. Herein, we report VS2 nanosheet structure as the positive electrode material through a facile synthesized route. The assembled Zn/VS2-24 battery with a 2 M ZnSO4 electrolyte delivers a specific capacity of 169.86 mA h g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1. In addition, it can still maintain a capacity of 130.90 mA h g−1 after 700 cycles at 2 A g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]