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Phenazine derivatives have made significant progress owing to their favorable photophysical and chemical properties in recent years. Nevertheless, only a few overviews on phenazine derivatives are reported in the optoelectronic area. Herein, we comprehensively summarize and discuss the tremendous progress on the innovative design strategies, excellent properties and promising applications of novel functionalized phenazine derivatives in optical sensing and electrochemical fields. We anticipate that this review will facilitate new researchers to expand their horizons on the molecular design and development of advanced materials in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple and unique dual-channel chemical probe (DH) was designed and synthesized, which not only realized sequential recognition of Cu2+ and CN− by colorimetric and fluorometric methods, but also realized fluorescence detection of CN−. When different cations (Co2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Cd2+, Hg2+, Al3+, Ag+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Fe3+, Zn2+ and Ca2+) were added into the solution containing the probe molecule DH, only Cu2+ induced an observable change in the UV-vis and fluorescence spectra, indicating that the probe molecule can be applied for specific recognition of Cu2+. The anti-interference experiment of DH to Cu2+ showed that DH has good selectivity for detecting Cu2+, with a detection limit of 7.05 × 10−7 M. In particular, the fluorescence "ON–OFF–ON" process can be recycled by sequentially adding Cu2+ and EDTA, and the fluorescence intensity remained unchanged after ten times. This observation suggested that DH can achieve reversible highly sensitive response to Cu2+ and EDTA, and can be used as a hypersensitive logic gate for Cu2+ detection. More interestingly, when different anions (CH3COO−, SO32−, H2PO4−, ClO4−, NO3−, HSO4−, I−, Cl−, F−, Br−, N3− and CN−) were added into the solution containing DH and Cu2+, only CN− induced color change of the solution from red to yellowish green, and the fluorescence intensity greatly enhanced, indicating that DH-Cu2+ has a specific response to CN−. The anti-interference experiment showed that DH-Cu2+ has good selectivity for CN−, with a detection limit of 8.11 × 10−6 M. Moreover, the probe molecule DH can detect CN−, with a detection limit of 7.61 × 10−6 M. Experimental and theoretical methods were applied to deeply study the detection mechanism of DH, present great potential in practical application for ion test strips and HeLa cell imaging reagents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In practical applications, fixing a fluorescent sensor on a solid composite film matrix can settle the boundaries of keeping the sensor in the solution state. Herein, we first presented a preparation of anime-response membrane by utilizing the edible gelatin as a film-forming skeleton to immobilize the dual phenazine derivative (PD-6), acting as amine-responsive functional units to fabricate a novel solid sensor. In order to ensure the sensor (PD-6 film) is available in the actual application, the mechanical properties, anime-responsive performance, and further application for monitoring shrimp freshness were fully characterized. Those observations indicated that the PD-6 film not only enhanced the sensitivity to anime, but also strengthened the application potential as a solid fluorescent sensor with flexible recyclability and favorable antibacterial properties. It is hoped that this valuable strategy could open a new avenue to overcome the application limitations of the sensor in the solution state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]