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Whether the reaction pathway is steady or dynamic over the whole life cycle of a catalyst process can facilitate our understanding of its catalytic behavior. Herein, the dynamic reaction pathways of nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts are investigated in acetylene hydrochlorination. When triggered, the reaction follows the Langmuir – Hinshelwood mechanism with pyrrolic N and pyridinic N as dual active sites. However, pyridinic N is deactivated first, due to the strong adsorption of hydrogen chloride, causing the reaction to further run with pyrrolic N as the single active site and follow the Eley – Rideal mechanism. This work provides a new promising way to study the catalytic behavior of nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ru-Based catalysts with distinct active phases from Ru0, to RuO2, RuCl3 and RuCl2N were synthesized and evaluated in acetylene hydrochlorination. RuCl2N is identified as the efficient active phase due to its co-activation of acetylene and hydrogen chloride. This discovery holds great potential to accelerate the large-scale application of Ru-based catalysts in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boron-doped carbon nanodot materials, comprising evenly distributed BC3-nanodots in a layered carbon matrix, are prepared through a pre-assembly assisted carbonization synthetic strategy. The prepared materials are endowed with high electron affinity and distortion resistance, which provides a stable framework while generating affinity to substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing highly efficient non-noble metal electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at large current densities remains a challenge for water electrolysis. Herein, we developed a novel 3D ternary hybrid electrocatalyst consisting of Fe2O3 strongly coupled with Ni2P/Ni(PO3)2 grown on commercial Ni foam (denoted as Fe2O3@Ni2P/Ni(PO3)2/NF) through a thermal phosphorization reaction. In this 3D hybrid structure, the Fe2O3@Ni2P/Ni(PO3)2 nanoparticles with a length of ∼300 nm and width of ∼200 nm are homogeneously grown on the surface of 3D Ni foam. Owing to the synergistic effect between Fe2O3@Ni2P/Ni(PO3)2/NF and their strong coupling effect, the 3D Fe2O3@Ni2P/Ni(PO3)2/NF hybrid achieves a superior electrocatalytic OER performance at ultra-high current densities in alkaline electrolyte. High catalytic current densities of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2 are reached by applying only potentials of 1.57 and 1.60 V, respectively, which are almost the lowest potentials among all previously reported transition metal (Ni and Fe) based phosphide and phosphate electrocatalysts, and even better than that of the benchmark Ir/C catalyst (1.64 and ＞1.8 V at 100 and 500 mA cm−2). In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that the NiOOH and FeOOH species were the real active phases in Fe2O3@Ni2P/Ni(PO3)2/NF during the OER process. A two-electrode electrolyzer with Fe2O3@Ni2P/Ni(PO3)2/NF delivers a cell voltage of 1.93, 2.48, and 3.02 V at 100, 500, and 1000 mA cm−2 for overall-water-splitting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]