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Since excitonic quasiparticles, including excitons, trions and charges, have a great influence on the photoelectric characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), systematic explorations of the trion dynamics and charge photogeneration in 2D TMDs are important for their future optoelectronic applications. Here, broadband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic experiments are performed first to investigate the peak shifting and broadening kinetics in MoS2 nanosheets in solution prepared by liquid phase exfoliation (LPE-MoS2, ∼9 layers, 9L), which reveal that the binding energies for the A-, B-, and C-exciton states are ∼77 meV, ∼76 meV, and −70 meV (the energy difference between free charges and excitons; the negative sign for C-excitons means a spontaneous dissociation nature in band-nesting regions), respectively. Then, the trion dynamics and charge photogeneration in LPE-MoS2 nanosheets have been studied in detail, demonstrating that they are comparable to those in chemical vapor deposition grown MoS2 films (1L-, 3L- and 7L-MoS2). These experimental results suggest that LPE-TMD nanosheets also have the potential for use in charge-related optoelectronic devices based on 2D TMDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past few years, organometal halide light-emitting perovskite thin films and colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted significant research interest in the field of highly purified illuminating applications. However, knowledge of photoluminescence (PL) characteristics, such as amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of larger-sized perovskite crystals, is still relatively scarce. Here, we presented room-temperature size-dependent spontaneous emission (SE) and ASE of the organometal halide CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite cubic microcrystals pumped through one-photon-(1P) and two-photon-(2P) excitation paradigms. The results showed that the optical properties of SE and ASE were sensitively dependent on the sizes of perovskite microcrystals irrespective of whether 1P or 2P excitation was used. Moreover, by comparing the spectral results of 1P- and 2P-pumped experiments, 2P pumping was found to be an effective paradigm to reduce thresholds by one order of magnitude. Finally, we carried out fluences-dependent time-resolved fluorescence dynamics experiments to study the underlying effects of these scale-dependent SE and ASE. We found that the photoluminescence (PL) recombination rates sensitively became faster with increasing carriers’ densities, and that the ASE pumped from larger-sized CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite cubic microcrystals showed faster lifetimes. This work shows that micro-sized perovskite cubic crystals could be the ideal patterns of perovskite materials for realizing ASE applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CH3NH3PbI3−xClx perovskite material has been commonly used as the free charge generator and reservoir in highly efficient perovskite-based solid-state solar photovoltaic devices. However, many of the underlying fundamental photophysical mechanisms in this material such as the perovskite transition band structure as well as the dependent relationship between the carrier properties and lattice properties still lack sufficient understanding. Here, we elucidated the fundamental band structure of the pure CH3NH3PbI3−xClx pervoskite lattice, and then reported about the dependent relationship between the free charge carrier characteristic and the different CH3NH3PbI3−xClx pervoskite lattice thin films utilizing femtosecond time-resolved pump–probe technologies. The data demonstrated that the pure perovskite crystal band structure should only have one conduction and one valence band rather than dual valences, and the pure perovskite lattice could trigger more free charge carriers with a slower recombination rate under an identical pump intensity compared with the impurities doped perovskite crystal. We also investigated the perovskite film performance when exposed to moisture and water, the corresponding results gave us a dip in the optimization of the performance of perovskite based devices, and so as a priority this material should be isolated from moisture (water). This work may propose a deeper perspective on the comprehension for this material and it is useful for future optimization of applications in photovoltaic and light emission devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excited state relaxation of two types of azobenzene derivative excited at 350 nm in the short-wavelength (S2(π, π*)) band was studied by transient absorption spectroscopy. We compared the relaxation dynamics and the time-resolved anisotropic relaxation properties of these two molecules in liquid solution and in bulk film. The average relaxation life-time for Azo-2 in bulk film (13.2 ps) is much slower than that of Azo-2 (4.06 ps) and Azo-1(1.31 ps) in liquid solution. The time-resolved polarization anisotropy spectroscopy measurements of these samples also showed significant differences. The value of anisotropy for Azo-2 remained almost constant at about 0.2 in bulk film but decayed slowly from 0.3 in liquid solution. The value for Azo-1 in liquid solution decayed very fast from 0.4 to 0.2 within 6 ps. Our results gave new evidence for the existence of a converted inversion channel. We also concluded that the concerted inversion process and the conventional rotation process govern the relaxation for the photon-induced switches of azobenzene and its derivatives under short-wavelength band excitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since excitonic quasiparticles, including excitons, trions and charges, have a great influence on the photoelectric characteristics of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), systematic explorations of the trion dynamics and charge photogeneration in 2D TMDs are important for their future optoelectronic applications. Here, broadband femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopic experiments are performed first to investigate the peak shifting and broadening kinetics in MoS 2 nanosheets in solution prepared by liquid phase exfoliation (LPE-MoS 2 , ∼9 layers, 9L), which reveal that the binding energies for the A-, B-, and C-exciton states are ∼77 meV, ∼76 meV, and -70 meV (the energy difference between free charges and excitons; the negative sign for C-excitons means a spontaneous dissociation nature in band-nesting regions), respectively. Then, the trion dynamics and charge photogeneration in LPE-MoS 2 nanosheets have been studied in detail, demonstrating that they are comparable to those in chemical vapor deposition grown MoS 2 films (1L-, 3L- and 7L-MoS 2 ). These experimental results suggest that LPE-TMD nanosheets also have the potential for use in charge-related optoelectronic devices based on 2D TMDs.

In the past few years, organometal halide light-emitting perovskite thin films and colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) have attracted significant research interest in the field of highly purified illuminating applications. However, knowledge of photoluminescence (PL) characteristics, such as amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) of larger-sized perovskite crystals, is still relatively scarce. Here, we presented room-temperature size-dependent spontaneous emission (SE) and ASE of the organometal halide CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 perovskite cubic microcrystals pumped through one-photon-(1P) and two-photon-(2P) excitation paradigms. The results showed that the optical properties of SE and ASE were sensitively dependent on the sizes of perovskite microcrystals irrespective of whether 1P or 2P excitation was used. Moreover, by comparing the spectral results of 1P- and 2P-pumped experiments, 2P pumping was found to be an effective paradigm to reduce thresholds by one order of magnitude. Finally, we carried out fluences-dependent time-resolved fluorescence dynamics experiments to study the underlying effects of these scale-dependent SE and ASE. We found that the photoluminescence (PL) recombination rates sensitively became faster with increasing carriers' densities, and that the ASE pumped from larger-sized CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 perovskite cubic microcrystals showed faster lifetimes. This work shows that micro-sized perovskite cubic crystals could be the ideal patterns of perovskite materials for realizing ASE applications in the future.

CH3NH3PbI3-xClx perovskite material has been commonly used as the free charge generator and reservoir in highly efficient perovskite-based solid-state solar photovoltaic devices. However, many of the underlying fundamental photophysical mechanisms in this material such as the perovskite transition band structure as well as the dependent relationship between the carrier properties and lattice properties still lack sufficient understanding. Here, we elucidated the fundamental band structure of the pure CH3NH3PbI3-xClx pervoskite lattice, and then reported about the dependent relationship between the free charge carrier characteristic and the different CH3NH3PbI3-xClx pervoskite lattice thin films utilizing femtosecond time-resolved pump-probe technologies. The data demonstrated that the pure perovskite crystal band structure should only have one conduction and one valence band rather than dual valences, and the pure perovskite lattice could trigger more free charge carriers with a slower recombination rate under an identical pump intensity compared with the impurities doped perovskite crystal. We also investigated the perovskite film performance when exposed to moisture and water, the corresponding results gave us a dip in the optimization of the performance of perovskite based devices, and so as a priority this material should be isolated from moisture (water). This work may propose a deeper perspective on the comprehension for this material and it is useful for future optimization of applications in photovoltaic and light emission devices.