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We demonstrate a high performance ZnO nanowire (NW) metal–semiconductor field effect transistor (MESFET) using semi-transparent NiOx as a Schottky gate (SG), which shows excellent carrier mobility, on/off ratio, and sub-threshold slope of 301 cm2 V−1 s−1, 106, and 60 mV per decade, respectively. Based on the MESFET device cells, we fabricated one-dimensional (1D) logic NOT, NAND, and NOR gate circuits. The NOT gate inverter showed a high voltage gain of ∼16 under a supply voltage of 5 V and also displayed an excellent voltage inverting dynamics of at least a few kHz. In addition, attributed to the intrinsic sub-band gap defects at the transparent SG NiOx/ZnO interface, our MESFET displayed good responses to visible light with a photo-gain of 7 × 104. The persistent photoconductivity issue which originates from oxide semiconductor interfaces in general was initially present but was resolved by increasing the gate–source voltage of MESFET toward reverse bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]