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The use of global, standardized instruments is conventional among clinicians and researchers interested in assessing neurocognitive development. Exclusively relying on these tests for evaluating effects may underestimate or miss specific effects on early cognition. The goal of this review is to identify alternative measures for possible inclusion in future clinical trials and interventions evaluating early neurocognitive development. The domains included for consideration are attention, memory, executive function, language, and socioemotional development. Although domain-based tests are limited, as psychometric properties have not yet been well-established, this review includes tasks and paradigms that have been reliably used across various developmental psychology laboratories.

Pediatric sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is known to negatively impact home and classroom behavior. Preschool-age Hispanic children from Spanish-speaking households are at elevated risk for poor school readiness. The authors used a multi-informant approach to assess home and preschool behavior among Hispanic children at risk for SDB (n = 67). Higher parent-reported SDB risk and elevated snoring were associated with parent- and teacher-reported problem behaviors and poorer teacher-reported classroom executive function among boys; elevated snoring was associated with internalizing behaviors among girls. Elevated snoring may be associated with problems related to impaired inhibitory self-control, suggesting the need for early intervention in order to improve school readiness among these a priori defined at-risk Hispanic children.

This study explored the efficacy of 1 actigraphy (ACT) brand, at different analytic settings, for use to administer the Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT). Forty-one first-time postpartum mother and father participants were administered the MSLT with concurrent ACT. To identify ACT sleep onset latency (SOL), ACT signals were interpreted with iterations of different "wake threshold value" (WTV) and "immobile minutes for sleep onset" value (IMV) settings. The different iterations of ACT-SOL values were compared to MSLT-SOL values. The WTV settings did not affect ACT-SOL, but the ACT-SOL and MSLT-SOL significantly differed at each ACT-IMV setting. ACT consistently identified SOL too soon; however, future research, along with technological innovation, may identify a viable methodology to conduct an ambulatory MSLT.

Separate research areas indicate that sleep quality, mood, and relationship satisfaction decline among couples during the postpartum period. Furthermore, accurate partner perceptions are associated with positive relationship qualities. In this study, 21 first-time postpartum mother-father dyads, contributed 1 week of continuous wrist actigraphy along with concurrent subjective Palm Pilot monitoring to provide objective and subjective sleep measures. Parents also reported on their own as well as their perception of their partners' sleep, mood, and relationship satisfaction. Greater objectively measured total sleep time was associated with greater relationship satisfaction. Mothers (a) underestimated fathers' self-reported frequency of nocturnal awakenings, as well as (b) relationship satisfaction, and (c) overestimated fathers' self-reported sleep quality. Fathers (a) underestimated mothers' self-reported duration of wake at night, as well as (b) sleep quality, and (c) overestimated mothers' self-reported mood disturbance. Preventative measures that target sleep and improvement in perception of partner's experiences could be used to buffer against decreases in relationship satisfaction among new parents.

This field study investigated whether either of two ambient sounds would improve objective sleep (via actigraphy), subjective sleep report, or morning psychomotor performance among 28 adults with self-described disturbed sleep. Nights 1 and 4 were soundless baseline and washout, respectively. On Nights 2 and 3 and 5 and 6, participants listened to double-blind counterbalanced paired nights of novel Sound A and a commercially available Sound B. Compared to baseline and washout, participants reported fewer awakenings during both Sound A and Sound B; actigraphically measured sleep was affected by Sound B but not Sound A. "Improvements" in sleep during the second exposure night probably reflect an increase in homeostatic sleep drive from sleep disturbance on the first exposure night. Differences between sounds were accounted for by user volume settings. Neither sound led to differences in psychomotor performance.