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Increased physical activity, such as walking, is often prescribed to address obesity. Several factors that may influence the connection between obesity and walking include the biomechanics of gait, pain, depressive symptoms, physical health, and activity. The objective of this study was to assess the moderation and mediation effects of knee pain and buckling, depressive symptoms, physical activity, and physical health on spatiotemporal gait parameters in individuals with obesity. Forty participants with obesity performed a task in which they walked on flat ground and crossed an obstacle. Measures of knee pain and buckling, depressive symptoms, physical activity, and physical health were collected. We conducted mediation analyses with knee buckling and pain as mediators of the effect of the BMI on spatiotemporal gait parameters. Moderation analyses were performed with depressive symptoms, physical activity, and physical health as moderators of the effect of BMI on spatiotemporal gait parameters. We found that depressive symptoms and physical health moderated the relationship between BMI and Step Width in people with obesity. These effects were pronounced when participants crossed an obstacle. In conclusion, depressed mood and physical health influence the relationship between obesity and walking. These factors present potential avenues for rehabilitation interventions to aid individuals with obesity.

Structural learning is characterized by facilitated adaptation following training on a set of sensory perturbations all belonging to the same structure (e.g., 'visuomotor rotations'). This generalization of learning is a core feature of the motor system and is often studied in the context of interlimb transfer. However, such transfer has only been demonstrated when participants learn to counter a specific perturbation in the sensory feedback of their movements; we determined whether structural learning in one limb generalized to the contralateral limb. We trained 13 participants to counter random visual feedback rotations between +/-90 degrees with the right hand and subsequently tested the left hand on a fixed rotation. The structural training group showed faster adaptation in the left hand in both feedforward and feedback components of reaching compared to 13 participants who trained with veridical reaching, with lower initial reaching error, and straighter, faster, and smoother movements than in the control group. The transfer was ephemeral - benefits were confined to roughly the first 20 trials. The results demonstrate that the motor system can extract invariant properties of seemingly random environments in one limb, and that this information can be accessed by the contralateral limb.