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The COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on various aspects of Indonesia, especially the economy. The government has made countermeasures by issuing various policies and social programs. However, the implementation of policies is not necessarily followed by the attitude of the people who are not disciplined and indifferent. The role of higher education is very much needed to provide guidance with a humanist approach. Therefore, it is necessary to have a synergy of good cooperation between local governments and universities in facing obstacles in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic. The research aims to analyze how the synergy between the government and universities is in overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic cases in the community. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach. The data were obtained through literature review and interviews with the Provincial Government of Lampung and the University of Lampung. The results of the study show that the synergy between the government and universities is good. This is shown by interaction and mutual support. Where the government acts as a policy maker and facilitator, while universities act as a support for implementation through community service programs. Received: 25 September 2020 / Accepted: 19 December 2020 / Published: 5 March 2021

Currently watershed governance still involves many stakeholders from different territories, ranging from local to cross-country, and also, different social, political, cultural, and economic factors. Therefore, this study aims to categorize the themes or concepts related to watershed management studies. Through descriptive analysis and the help of the Nvivo-12 software, 383 Scopus indexed paper articles, which were published by major publishers such as Emerald, MDPI, Sage, ScienceDirect, Springer, Taylor and Francis, were obtained. The results indicate that there are 155 concepts in the watershed governance study, and they can be categorized into 6 groups. Furthermore, they are also related to dominant themes such as water resources, governance, watershed, environment, local issue, and policy. The significance of this study is the discovery of the concept of watershed governance studies; therefore, it can assist in the development of conceptual frameworks in future studies. Meanwhile, the limitation of this study is that the articles it reviewed were obtained from only the Scopus database, therefore, it does not have comparable data. Consequently, future studies need to use a comparative analysis approach which involves both the Scopus and the Web of Sciences (WoS) databases. Received: 8 November 2020 / Accepted: 19 December 2020 / Published: 5 March 2021

This research is aimed at exploring how to use Facebook to develop civic engagement in Klaten Regency Indonesia by the Info Cegatan Klaten (ICK) community. Technological advances result in the ease of communication in everyday life. However, these technological advances also have the effect of increasing personal egoism and lack of social care. Given this condition, the ICK community, as a Facebook virtual community, tries to build civic engagement to eliminate social disparities that occur using social media as the main media. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The sampling method was purposive sampling. In this study, 6 informants were taken. The data were collected using an interview, observation, and documentation. The interviews were conducted with the general chairperson of ICK, the treasurer, social media administrators, and 3 members of the community. Observations were made on the Facebook group page of the community and its activities. The data were then analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model which consists of three activities, namely data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification. The results showed that the civic engagement was built through social media by: first, the ICK Community made the Facebook group an online space to collect information about Klaten's community problems; second, the ICK community utilizes the Facebook group features to invite the people around Klaten to become Stakeholders and join the discussions for the good of the community in the future; third, Facebook is used to provoke civic engagement by informing each agenda to be carried out. Received: 6 October 2020 / Accepted: 23 December 2020 / Published: 5 March 2021

Institutionalism emerges as a scientific construct of economics and sociology, becoming a fundamental element for achieving the development objectives of countries (Portes, 2009). The theoretical review of its approaches, characteristics and elements of study, based on the prominent works of Ronald Coase (1988), Douglas North (1990), Oliver Williamson (1988) and Elinor Ostrom (2009), are carried out with the objective of exposing from another perspective the theories of the Traditional Institutionalist approach (TI), the Economic Neo- Institutionalism (NE) and the New Institutional Economics (NEI). Through the description and exploration, qualitative and transversal, of primary and secondary sources, the convergent and differentiating elements of each approach are described, as well as the importance of their characteristics in the economic system. The study of Institutionalism allows the recognition of market failures, irrationality in the decisions of economic agents, agency problems in the implementation of public policies, the existence of transaction costs, taking as a reference the theories of Economic Institutionalism and its approaches. Received: 22 February 2023 / Accepted: 16 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This study empirically examines the influence of emotional intelligence on entrepreneurial success using a quantitative research survey administered to a sample of 306 Saudi entrepreneurs. The results revealed that emotionally intelligent entrepreneurs are more likely to succeed in their new venture. Furthermore, the research findings identified differences in the influence of emotional intelligence dimensions on entrepreneurship success. The findings of this study offer useful implications for entrepreneurs and practitioners who provide resources to entrepreneurial startups. Received: 26 January 2023 / Accepted: 19 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This study aims to analyze the responses of three developed countries, namely China, Russia, and the United States to India's ambitions to develop its space program and policy. As a developing country with huge domestic challenges, India prioritizes its space development amidglobal space power. This research is interested in investigating this phenomenon. The research tries to answer the question of how China, Russia, and the United States respond to India's space policy. This study employed a qualitative method by making use of data from literature studies and interviews. The analysis has revealed that each of these developed countries responds to India's space policy using various approaches by building competition and cooperation with India. Competition and cooperation significantly influence major developments in the space sector in the future. In addition, the competition and cooperation have domestically challenged India to develop its space technology and pass space policies that will result in national development. Received: 8 February 2023 / Accepted: 16 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Mangrove forests are one of the most important ecosystems for coastal communities. However, mangrove forests are degraded and damaged by human activities. One solution to overcome this problem is to take advantage of local wisdom. The Bajo Tribe, who lives around Indonesia's mangrove forests, has unique local wisdom and the potential to maintain the sustainability of mangrove forests. This study explores the contribution of the local wisdom of the Bajo Tribe in preserving Indonesia's mangrove forests. This article results from qualitative research in which data was collected through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The informants of this study are the Bajo Tribe community on the coast of Tomini Bay, Indonesia. The results showed that the local wisdom of the Bajo Tribe in preserving mangrove forests includes several practices, namely mangrove forest conservation, wisely managing mangrove forests, and developing a sustainable economy based on mangrove forests. These practices have been proven to preserve mangrove forests. This research provides a better understanding of the local wisdom of the Bajo Tribe in preserving Indonesia's mangrove forests. It helps the government develop better policies and practices to preserve the sustainability of Indonesia's mangrove forests. Received: 10 February 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This study aims to explore and explain the spread of radicalism ideology at the State University of Surabaya and how the preventative strategy from the university to solve it. The data research was collected through observation, interview, and Forum Group Discussion (FGD) with students, lecturers, and university staff. The data analysis was conducted with a qualitative narrative approach. The study result implies that the spread of radicalism ideology begins with a small halaqah and then grows to become a more significant regular event held in the university that can attract many visitors and followers passively or actively of this ideology. Therefore, UNESA created Radicalism Preventative to reduce the spread of radicalism from the policy to the technical level, able to control all religious extracurricular activities of students within the campus free from radicalism. Received: 30 December 2022 / Accepted: 15 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

As one of the temples in Buleleng Regency, Maduwe Karang Temple has potential cultural remains in the form of relief sculptures that are interesting to be studied. The present study aims to analyze the cultural remains in form of paintings and relief sculptures using the Communication Theology approach. The data for the present study were collected through field observation, supported by interviews and document study. The result of the analysis showed that the cultural remains in form of paintings and relief sculptures were based on social theology, Shaivism, and Vaishnavism theology which accumulated in Saiwasiddhanta. Received: 13 February 2023 / Accepted: 21 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Physical education major in higher education has been negatively impacted during COVID-19 due to the need for social distancing. Many universities have adopted hybrid or fully remote learning models to avoid these risks in this environment. Recognizing the importance of online education for physical education, this research focuses on Korean university students' satisfaction and evaluation with synchronous online learning using Zoom. The study implemented a mixed method, including exit course surveys (n=60) and individual interviews (n=4). The data was collected in the 2022 fall semester. Study results showed synchronous online education provided a flexible learning environment for physical education students. Also, university students were satisfied with synchronous online education and were willing to take these courses again next semester. Furthermore, they evaluated synchronous online education as effective in providing real-time interaction between the instructor and students. However, the interview data showed some challenges of online learning using Zoom for physical education courses. Finally, several implications are discussed for effectively constructing synchronous online physical education for higher education. Received: 20 February 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This study aimed to analyze a confirmatory factor analysis of successful entrepreneurs of online small and medium enterprises in Thailand. This research uses a mixed methodology approach that collects and analyzes both qualitative and quantitative data. Step 1 describes the qualitative research using the e-Fuzzy Delphi technique. Data was collected using an online questionnaire submitted to 21 experts. The questionnaire was divided into an open-ended questionnaire and a closed-ended questionnaire with a 7-level rating scale. Step 2 describes the quantitative research using simple sampling to obtain data from a total of 975 online business entrepreneurs. The results of the study found that the creative component had the highest component weight of 0.98. The second factor was the innovation and attitude components with an element weight of 0.97, the traits component with an element weight of 0.96, the intention component and self-efficacy component with an element weight of 0.93, and the subjective norm component with an element weight of 0.82, respectively. Received: 14 February 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This study shows the importance and efficiency of the use of ICT in the subjects of the field of education. Moreover, the study presents the reasons of students, as future teachers, what has led them to learn technology and what they see as a benefit from the use of new Technologies in Education. The purpose of this research is to identify the importance of ICT courses and the skills that students who complete the faculty of teacher education gain from following these courses. The research also aims to highlight the benefits and opinions of students about the field of ICT in education and its correlation with their success in other study subjects. This paper used a combination of two methodologies: quantitative and qualitative. The data was obtained through a questionnaire that was distributed to the students of the Faculty of Education of the University of Pristina. Our sample consists of 155 students in primary courses, early childhood education, and general pedagogy. The data were processed through the SPSS program through descriptive analysis, linear regression analysis, and one-way ANOVA. The results obtained from this research highlight that the use of ICT has helped the students of these directions to have better results in various subjects of the field of Education since almost all the students (future teachers) strongly supported the use of ICT, considering that the skills gained from following ICT subjects will help them in the future when working as teachers. Received: 20 February 2023 / Accepted: 22 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Indonesian history records that youth have a role in changing the lives of the State, especially in the changes that have resulted in the nation's progress. In the current era of globalization, the role of the younger generation, especially in implementing Pancasila in people's lives, has become increasingly receding, the character values of the nation have faded and even disappeared, and the morals of some of the nation's children have lost the spirit of the noble values of Pancasila. The younger generation is experiencing a socio-cultural crisis that is incarnate in the form of disintegration and dislocation. The behavioral tendencies and personalities of the younger generation are increasingly moving away from the values of Pancasila and losing one's identity as an individual rooted in the noble values of the nation's culture. Observing this tendency, building and awakening the country's character in a severe and urgent matter is necessary. This research uses sociological juridical research methods. The research object in this paper is related to building character or shaping the essence of the younger generation who are Pancasila, thus making the civilization of the Indonesian nation. Public awareness must be immediately mobilized and encouraged to re-recognize and practice the values of Pancasila in various aspects of social, political, economic, and cultural life. Strategic character-building efforts can be carried out through the educational process. Received: 18 January 2023 / Accepted: 18 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Ahmadiyya is a Muslim minority with distinctive teachings contradictory to mainstream Islam that has been entrenched in Indonesia since the Dutch colonial era. After independence, the sect enjoyed the freedom of religion and belief under the law's guarantee and the state's power during the reign of the first two presidents (1945-1998). However, the power of orthodox Muslims strengthened during the Reformation Order, and in 2005, a fatwa regarding the heresy of the Ahmadiyya was issued by the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI). This was followed by the Joint Decree of the Three High State Institutions, which limited the movement of the Indonesian Ahmadiyya Congregation (JAI). Regional regulations emerged, followed by a violent crusade against this sect. Consequently, this research examined the communication model used by the Ahmadiyya Muslim minority to preach post-persecution. The qualitative methods employed for data collection were observation, interviews, and documentation, which intensively occurred in October-December 2019 and August 2022. The respondents were six JAI central/branch managers and three missionaries. The research results show that the Ahmadiyya teachings naming Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (MGA) as a prophet are the trigger for persecution. Although orthodox Muslims allow the unhindered performance of activities, providing Ahmadiyya is labeled a religion and not a part of Islam, JAI refused because it believes MGA is the non-shari'at Prophet. After the persecution, JAI proposed four models of dakwah communication that internally strengthen Ahmadi beliefs and invite sympathy and new converts. Received: 24 January 2023 / Accepted: 12 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This study discusses the social and legal risks of artificial intelligence by referring to reliable primary and secondary sources in this field of study and analyzing the content of the collected data. Various data sources were consulted, including articles published in newspapers, international organizations’ websites, and refereed journals. The results of the study demonstrate that artificial intelligence may have negative effects if it is not used on solid ethical grounds as it may lead to taking discriminatory decisions in institutions and pose some risks in relation to users’ privacy, in addition to legal, criminal, and ethical challenges. More broadly, the study reveals that artificial intelligence is widening the gap between rich and poor countries. Therefore, institutions specialized in various fields need to specify the purpose of their efforts in the field of artificial intelligence, so they can overcome the obstacles that may face the progress of their work and the process of preserving human rights. Received: 10 January 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic widely affected almost every field of life, and journalism is no exception. Following these major transformations, journalism is today going through different phases which further indicate the future of journalism worldwide. This study examined the future of the journalism profession in the post-pandemic era from the perspective of professionals in media organizations. The results revealed that most of these indicated that their organizations dealt with the coronavirus pandemic professionally by changing the work pattern in the institution. For example, changes in work location during the crisis were emphasized. Many journalists also had to adopt job turnover due to the increase of work-life challenges. In addition, recruitment patterns were altered and working patterns were transformed into digital approaches such as news gathering, publishing online and via social media. Additionally, the professional pressures on journalists were also emphasized in the responses. Regarding the future of journalism in the post-pandemic era, respondents revealed that journalism practices changed greatly after the pandemic. Specifically, changes in working hours, resources and approaches are now affecting the competencies of journalists in their organizations. Finally, the respondents indicated that the demand for “comprehensive journalism” is now in demand by media organizations. Consequently, there are increasing demands for individuals to have professional degrees in media and journalism. Received: 1 January 2023 / Accepted: 16 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Expanding upon the existing literature on agency theory, which often overlooks potential conflicting interests among monitoring mechanisms, this study investigates the divergent effects of active foreign institutional investors and outside directors on firm strategy and performance. Specifically, in light of inconclusive findings on the relationship between layoffs and performance, this study examines the initiators of layoffs and their impact on firm performance, comparing the roles of active foreign institutional investors and outside directors. Through panel data analysis of 2,516 firm-year observations from South Korea spanning 2010 to 2014, the findings reveal that firms with active foreign institutional investors are more inclined to implement large-scale layoffs, which positively moderate the relationship between active foreign institutional investors and firm performance metrics such as return on assets (ROA) and market returns. However, the relationships between active foreign institutional investors, layoffs, and performance are contingent upon the presence of outside directors on the board. Outside directors are not actively involved in initiating layoffs but tend to approve them in the context of operational performance, such as ROA, while showing less interest in layoffs as a means of external evaluation, such as market returns. These findings highlight the heterogeneous characteristics of outside directors and active foreign institutional investors with regard to layoffs and performance, and subsequently propose theoretical and managerial implications for the design of corporate governance. Received: 13 February 2023 / Accepted: 19 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The individual’s will, defined as a fundamental condition to enter a marriage, proves that it belongs to private law, therefore marriage is not mandatory but optional. From this point of view, the right to marry shall not be understood only as an opportunity that the law provides for two individuals to enter a marriage, but also as the individuals’ right to reject such a relationship [marriage] before it is entered. The European Union has addressed the problem of forced marriage both a form of human trafficking and as a manifestation of gender-based violence. Since forced marriage mainly affects vulnerable social groups, women and minors should be taken into primary consideration. Recently in Europe, there is a growing trend towards the criminalization of forced marriage. This papier identifies enforcement cases in relation to the criminal offence of forced marriage in Europe. As a result, the core aim of this article is to critically review advantages and disadvantages of the criminalization of forced marriages from a comparative point of view. In conclusion, such a criminalization cannot be seen as a priority tool to address the problem of a forced marriage. Received: 11 February 2023 / Accepted: 25 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The practice of data analytics in management accounting has grown with the increasing business complexity, necessitating new strategies for data processing and analysis that support better decision-making. Although studies on this subject are scarce, Self-Service Business Intelligence (SSBI) system is an intriguing topic of discussion. Therefore, this study aimed to explore success factors of implementation of the SSBI systems in management accounting. To accomplish this, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted, examining the latest related publications. Furthermore, it adopted a search procedure as well as inclusion and exclusion criteria to select 28 sample articles. The results showed that success factors were classified into users, organizational, and technology perspectives. From the perspective of users, most citations emphasized the importance of capabilities in implementation of the SSBI, in order to make them self-reliant towards the IT division. Most citations from organizational perspective focused on the significance of collaboration across divisions, emphasizing the involvement of various parties in the SSBI implementation. Additionally, most citations from a technology perspective were data management and governance, which supported data growth and organizational paradigm changes. Received: 24 February 2023 / Accepted: 21 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Student’s Right-to-Know (SRK) in teaching includes student’s rights to know about the learning objectives, processes, procedures, university facilities and services, and educational and ethical requirements of the higher education institutes. However, as far as the review of the associated studies, Chinese undergraduate students’ perceptions of the consequences of SRK in teaching and its importance have yet to be well explored. Therefore,this qualitative (phenomenological study) aimed to investigate the Chinese undergraduate ’students’perceptions of the educational, social, and individual consequences recognition of the SRK by the universities in China. The informants (25 undergraduate students) were selected through purposive sampling, and the data were collected through interviews with the informants. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using available, selective, and axial theme analyses. Findings revealed that the recognition of SRK in teaching is accompanied by four main themes: educational, social and political, administrative, and individual consequences, each consisting of several sub-themes. Findings have theoretical and practical implications on consumers of higher education, including university staff, teachers, and students. Received: 10 February 2023 / Accepted: 17 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Global warming is one of the most concerning problems in today’s world, especially since the early decades of the 21st century. Several scientists, as well as writers, have attempted to illuminate the negative consequences of climate change in their work. In addition, climate fiction has emerged as an important type of science fiction to investigate and raise awareness about anthropogenic climate change. Kim Stanley Robinson, an American science fiction writer whose oeuvre includes climate fiction, has produced several works that focus on illuminating the catastrophic consequences of anthropogenic climate change. His 2017 novel New York 2140 is a case in point. This paper aims to elucidate the effects of climate change on human life. As an example of "Anthropocene" fiction, New York 2140 is also concerned with showing the intricate relation between capitalism, politics, and the environment. In addition, this paper intends to show how Robinson, in his novel, does not only focus on magnifying the negative consequences of global warming but also on how his utopian perspective is revealed by his depiction of how people adapt successfully to this catastrophe. Received: 1 December 2022 / Accepted: 12 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This study investigates financial development's effect on Albania's shadow economy from 1995 to 2015. We use data on the shadow economy from Medina and Schneider (2018) and other economic variables to examine the relationship between the shadow economy and economic growth. We use ADF, PP, and KPSS tests to determine the stationarity of the data series and Toda Yamamoto Granger Causality and VAR(p+dmax) estimation to identify the direction of the causal relationship between financial development and other economic variables and the shadow economy in Albania. Our results indicate a unidirectional causal relationship between financial development and the shadow economy, as well as between trade openness and the shadow economy. These findings suggest that efforts to improve and deepen financial development and trade openness could help formalize Albania's economy. Based on these results, we recommend that the Albanian government focus on financial inclusion reforms and facilitating exports and imports to combat the shadow economy and bring these activities into the formal sector. Received: 21 February 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The aim of the study is to assess the role of innovation and branding on enterprise sales growth in transition countries with Kosovo being the case study for the research. The CEO of 300 business enterprises from diverse business sector were interviewed alongside other staff such as human resource managers, sales and marketing managers, and financial managers. The study revealed that service delivery, technology, business model, branding, and age of entrepreneur were significant factors. The result of the study indicates that innovation and branding have a significantly positive effect on enterprise sales growth. The research concluded by noting that brand awareness must constantly maintained through international product advertising and engaging in promotional activities to raise awareness of the product, so as to have a competitive chance of survival in the local and international market. Technological advancement should be welcomed as it forms the foundation of the initiation of innovation in business enterprises. Received: 14 February 2023 / Accepted: 19 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The objective of this study is to examine some of the factors contributing to belief in conspiracy theories. They have gained considerable popularity among the public in recent years. They react more and more often to several socially significant events taking place around us, while coming up with an alternative explanation, especially for those events that concern a larger number of people. Due to the fast introduction of the Internet and the rapid development in the field of information and communication technologies, systems and means, conspiracy theories are penetrating very significantly especially in the field of mass media and notably in the field of new media. Today, social networks are the medium with the greatest spread of various conspiracy theories. It is one of the primary reasons why conspiracy theories have become the subject of our scientific interest. With the use of relevant methods of qualitative theoretical scientific research, in this work we present our research findings and a look at some selected factors contributing to belief in conspiracy theories to readers from the professional and lay public. Received: 8 February 2023 / Accepted: 16 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

God mercifully and kindly spread out religions so that people can live in safety, comfort and happiness. Because humans are carefree and tend to perform self-destructive acts, religions warned against subjecting oneself or others to dangers, which leads to violence. This research throws light on violence as a phenomenon that violates human nature, because of the enormous damage it breads. Quran warns against violence and offers preventive ways to avoid its lethal trap. Because of the abundance of Quranic verses warning against violence and its dangers to human life, this research studies family violence, by focusing on exegetes’ opinions and discretion on verses relating to violence. Al-Tahrir va Al-Tanvir is used as a model to other exegetes who dealt with the Quranic verses which discussed intimate partner violence and its treatment. This research aims at analyzing and criticizing those exegeses, in order to strike a balance between them. Received: 29 February 2023 / Accepted: 22 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The current generation is biased to social media and has shown great inclination towards social networking apps like Facebook, Instagram or video sharing app TikTok. These services offer significant opportunities to the user to showcase their creativity. However, it is also noted that exposure to these apps has inculcated adverse effects on their attitude making them alienated from individuals and groups. This study investigates the various effects of this video sharing app on the attitudes of the user through survey research method. The designed model tries to explain the levels of social alienation through the concepts of correlation and hypothesis testing between the various variables. The data has been collected from a section of the Bahraini society through questionnaire and the likert scale data has been transformed and analyzed using statistical software. Received: 30 January 2023 / Accepted: 25 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has penetrated all corners of the world, including Indonesia and Gorontalo Province. The impact is directly on public health and indirectly on the regional economy of Gorontalo Province. The presence of the COVID-19 vaccination as one of the solutions programmed by the government to deal with the pandemic is important and should be supported by all components of the nation and regions. For this reason, it is important to study the issue of COVID-19 vaccination with household consumption and investment to analyze and describe the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on household consumption and investment in Gorontalo Province. Meanwhile, the method used to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination, household consumption, and investment is the documentation method. The results of the study show that the COVID-19 vaccination has no significant impact on household consumption but has a significant impact on investment in Gorontalo Province. Therefore, the COVID-19 vaccination program initiated by the government needs to be fully supported by all national and regional components so that the accelerated economic development of the nation and state in general and the Gorontalo Province region, in particular, can grow well. Received: 28 January 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This study aimed at a legal and scientific analysis of the Guarantees of the death penalty for pregnant women as a comparative study between Emirati and Jordanian legislation, At a time when there is a lot of controversy over the retention or abolition of this penalty. Researcher sought to analyze the Guarantees of execution of the penalty for the pregnant woman before and after the trial and during the execution between Emirati and Jordanian legislation, also analyzed the Definition of the death penalty and the controversy over maintaining or abolishing this penalty Supporting and opposing sides of Capital Punishment. The study obtained several results, the most important of which is we find that the text of Article 17 – Penal Code- talks about the replacement of the death penalty in life imprisonment, only before the issuance of the final judgment, but in the case of text 358- Code of Criminal Procedure , it is after the issuance of a final judgment in the case, then the execution is carried out after three months. In this we find that the Jordanian legislator was not successful in the text and that there is a conflict in the interest of the youngster and we recommend the legislator to amend the text to replace the death penalty with life imprisonment after the final judgment, in order to protect the fetus and take into account his interests. Received: 24 January 2023 / Accepted: 21 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The Baduy are indigenous people who firmly adhere to the customary law of their ancestral heritage, both in carrying out their daily lives and when conflicts or crimes occur. Even though they are part of Indonesia, the Baduy have their own legal system, which is different from positive law. Likewise in customary criminal law, the Baduy have a customary criminal justice system that is authorized to resolve customary conflicts that occur between indigenous people or those that occur in their customary territories. The conflict resolution method in Baduy customary law is called Silih Hampura. Silih Hampura 's way of working is very similar to that of restorative justice which is currently being implemented in national law to resolve various types of criminal acts. This research will examine the Silih Hampura method in resolving conflicts that occur in the Baduy as an effort to explore the Pancasila values contained in the local wisdom of the Baduy customary criminal law. The research method uses normative and empirical legal research methods. Using primary and secondary data sources which are processed using qualitative data analysis. The results of the study show that the Baduy have a conflict resolution method, namely Silih Hampura . The concepts of Silih Hampura are very thick with the norms contained in Pancasila. Deliberation for consensus, creating peace, family behavior, patterns of attention to victims and no elements of revenge, prioritizing victims' apologies and apologies from perpetrators, as well as restoring the conditions of victims, society and the environment so that they can restore the disturbed nature due to crimes or conflicts that have occurred. Received: 15 February 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This research is related to the social phenomenon of land acquisition for toll road construction. It is necessary to enrich knowledge about policy politics, especially in the decision-making process of land acquisition policies, by involving the participation of widely affected communities (hybrid policy). The implementation of land acquisition for the Sicincin-Padang toll road construction in West Sumatra relatively encounters challenges such as issues of compensation, disputes over customary land, coordination between stakeholders, and such. The purpose of this research is to formulate a hybrid policy model for the decision-making process of land acquisition for the construction of toll roads in West Sumatra. The research approach is a mixed method, a kind of concurrent triangulation, namely two-sided research conducted simultaneously so that both sides have the same emphasis (data collection and analysis techniques). Data were collected from relevant informants and respondents from affected communities (325 respondents). Data were analyzed using a soft system methodology consisting of root definition, customers, actors, transformation, worldview, owners, and environmental constraints (CATWOE) analysis. The study results explain that the implementation of land acquisition for toll roads in Indonesia and the Sicincin-Padang section of toll roads in West Sumatra has not been optimal; there are still problems such as refusal of compensation value, road alignment issues, land acquisition administration, and coordination between the central government, local government, and the community. Furthermore, based on the above findings, a hybrid policy model for land acquisition policy (especially at the planning stage) is formulated as a novel concept that can be an alternative solution to the problem of toll road land acquisition. Received: 15 January 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

In Thailand, police officers at Metropolitan Police Bureau worked under pressure, stress, exhaustion, and discouragement. This situation leads to inefficient or diminishes performance, creating more resignations annually. However, there has been little discussion about this situation. The purpose of this study is to explore the Burnout syndrome of police officers, and test the relationship of the influences affecting the police officers. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. The quantitative sample included 398 police officers from Metropolitan Division 1-9, Investigation Division, and Traffic Police Division. The qualitative sample included twenty police officers and scholars, who were key informants. Questionnaires and in-depth interviews were used. The statistics were percentage, means, standard deviation, effectiveness index, and T-test. The findings showed that Inquiry Section was the most important and responsible missions, and high workloads, insufficient budget, personality and no human relations with colleagues causing burnout. Also, there was less opportunity for advancement than other fields. Other relevant factors were the relationship at work, with the police officers felt uncomfortable with their supervisors and having bad relations with their colleagues. The influential factors of age, income, duties and responsibilities, and working personality were found at a high level. The correlation of work environment factors organisational roles, and work relationships was high. The research concluded that police officers were overworked and experienced lack of budget, personnel, equipment, tools and no human relations with colleagues. The police administration is ineffective. However, this research was limited in terms of area and sample from Metropolitan Police bureau. Recommendations should be made to improve pay for Performance (P4P) for inquiry officials, including reviewing the promotional of inquiry officials for line growth, building human relations among supervisors, colleagues and subordinates, salary, compensation, and benefits base should be improved, and police organisations should be reformed based on legitimacy. The next recommendation is for future study to research on how to prevent police officers from the burnout syndrome. Received: 31 October 2022 / Accepted: 18 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Landslides are very serious natural disasters that cause much damage and threaten human lives. Landslide susceptibility mapping studies are very common in landslide assessments. Geographic information systems (GISs) have been widely used in many fields, especially in landslide studies. This paper provides a review of GIS-based landslide susceptibility mapping in Malaysia from 2000 to 2022 and analyses the number of publications, study areas involved, parameters and models applied in this field over the past 22 years. The number of publications based on the topic shows an increasing trend, with an average of 2 articles published every year. This paper focused on Malaysia’s territory only. The study areas involved in landslide susceptibility studies are Penang, Perak, Selangor, Sabah, Sarawak, Pahang, Kelantan and Kuala Lumpur. Pahang is the study area of the most articles (10), followed by Penang (8). Moreover, 21 parameters were identified, and the slope was the most used parameter (33 articles). Twenty-five models were used, and logistic regression was the most used model, followed by the frequency ratio, ANN and weighted overlay methods. Received: 24 January 2023 / Accepted: 22 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

This article will develop the design and integration of an automated drip irrigation system prototype for a coffee crop of Robusta species (Coffea Canephora) with CDIO methodology. It will be implemented using Open Source elements, with an ESP32 processing card, a mobile application developed in Android Studio for monitoring conditions in real-time, including ON/OFF irrigation control, a Water Solenoid Valve that will allow irrigation and sensors for humidity and temperature. Received: 18 February 2023 / Accepted: 21 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The lack of clarity and firmness in Indonesian Basic Agrarian Law (BAL) in explaining the meaning and substance of state ownership rights to land based on the nation's view of life and its implementation based on the concept of a rule of law based on the principle of people's sovereignty is a fundamental and urgent matter. This study used a normative research method of the explanatory-analytical type with a normative, comparative and historical juridical approach, while the data analysis was carried out qualitatively. The results of this study include: first, the original state tenure rights over land imply the demands of community rights and obligations regarding the use of land rights for the welfare of the people. Second, the implementation of the meaning and substance of state tenure rights over land has not been fully reflected in statutory regulations so that state administrators (executives) experience difficulties in carrying out these functions of authority. Third, the weak implementation of regulations is caused by the lack of political will in power to carry out agrarian politics consequently characterized by a single interpretation of state tenure rights over land based on the regime's political interests. Received: 14 February 2023 / Accepted: 22 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The study focuses on understanding the opportunities to improve the prevention of religious extremism in penitentiary institutions. Analysis of factors in the spread of religious extremism and measures of its prevention not only raises the efficiency of a country’s penitentiary system but promotes the stability of social relations and increases the security of the population. The goal of the study is to propose directions for the improvement of the religious extremism prevention system to enhance the efficiency of a country’s penitentiary system. The study examines the features of the dissemination of extremism and terrorism and explores the penitentiary practice of detention of persons convicted of extremist crimes in the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the results of the expert survey, factors in the spread of religious extremism in Kazakhstan’s penitentiary system are identified and recommendations for possible measures to prevent them are offered. The authors argue that such prevention should strengthen interaction with religious departments and public organizations dealing with religious extremism, introduce international programs into the work of penitentiary employees, include training in special programs of psychologists and theologians, involve authoritative representatives of the clergy, and introduce the institution of chaplains. The presented theoretical and practical recommendations will enable government agencies to curb the spread of religious extremism in penitentiary institutions. Received: 4 February 2023 / Accepted: 22 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The aim of this research is to establish a pottery production process from volcanic rock powder in Ban Kruat District, Thailand under the concept of the green economy operation by using research tools such as structured interviews as well as Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Multiple Regression Analysis. Moreover, it was found that the mixing ratios of pumice powder at 50%, local soil at 20% and kaolin at 30% with a shrinkage rate of 14%, water absorption of 1.88%, and a hardness of 304.75 kg/cm², having been fired at a temperature of 1,190 °C is considered a suitable ratio. In the same way, when transferring the production process of new pottery to the community in Ban Kruat District for production and distribution with the evaluation of consumer satisfaction, it can be summarized that there are six factors that affect consumer satisfaction: 1) Local Identity, 2) Uniqueness of the Materials, 3) Identity from Khmer Art Influence, 4) Factors in Lifestyle and Local Beliefs, 5) Functional Factors that Correspond to the Era, and 6) Factors of Current Market Conditions. Thus, these six factors have a predictive value of 61.365 (KMO =.533), and the results are as follows: F = 88.808, P = 0.000, R = 0.858, R2 = 0.736, Adj R2 = 0.728, SEE = 0.320, Durbin-Watson = 1.919. Therefore, the regression equation is defined as y ̂=-2.528+.345(X_1 )+.277(X_2 )+.287(X_3 )+.354(X_4 )+.373(X_5 )+.392(X_6 ), and it was concluded that all six factors affect consumer satisfaction towards pottery made from new types of volcanic rock powder with statistical significance at .01. Received: 28 January 2023 / Accepted: 14 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

Water security is one of the significant challenges that many countries worldwide face. In the context of population growth, climate change, and environmental pollution today, the issue of water security is more urgent than ever for countries. In recent years, water security for countries in the Mekong River Basin has been facing great challenges, potentially leading to disputes and conflicts between the countries involved. From a regional perspective, the article clarifies the relationship between the lower Mekong countries in protecting water security and especially Vietnam's role in that relationship to clearly see the achievements that countries have achieved, as well as the challenges posed in the relationship on water security. From there, some policy suggestions are given to promote effective relations between countries in stabilizing the water security of the Mekong River, especially for Vietnam, a country located at the bottom of the Mekong River. Received: 21 January 2023 / Accepted: 16 April 2023 / Published: 5 May 2023

The phenomenon of delayed marriage in society in general and in the UAE society, in particular, has become obvious. Attitudes and opinions regarding marriage have changed due to the intense evolvement of society, and the rise in education and economic levels. This study seeks to identify the factors leading to the delay of marriage among young men, from the perspective of a sample of 272 male students at Al Ain University. The descriptive analytical approach was adopted to analyze the data and identify the factors perceived as contributing to the delay of marriage. The study concludes that high dowry, in general, is one of the main factors for delaying the age of marriage among young males in Al Ain city. Received: 25 September 2022 / Accepted: 5 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

The prevalence of gender stereotypes in STEM fields is evidenced by a large body of literature across the world, however, this area of research is still understudied in the Western Balkan region. To get a better knowledge of the extent of studies addressing this topic, we conducted a scoping review investigating existing gender stereotypes and educational choices in STEM in that region. As expected, the number of studies discovered was very limited, despite our generous inclusion criteria. In these limited studies, however, we found ample evidence of existing gender stereotypes in STEM and their impact on career aspirations. As this scoping review focused only on high-school university students, we conclude the paper with thoughts on future work ideas to expand the target group as well as to use systems thinking as an overarching perspective to conduct a holistic examination. This could be achieved by including relevant actors within and outside the immediate context, such as parents, schools, policymakers, businesses, and organizations. Finally, the paper also discusses the impact and opportunities that come with digitalization efforts, which could be leveraged to increase women participation in STEM. Received: 11 December 2022 / Accepted: 17 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

The goal of this study was to figure out the implementation of creative writing to improve the quality of students’ journal articles in developing ideas, citations, and thesis statements. This study was conducted at UIN SAIZU Purwokerto, Central Java, Indonesia using a qualitative method based on phenomenological research. Observations, semi-structured interviews, and literature studies were used to collect the data in creative writing to develop ideas, citations, thesis statement, and article quality. The phenomenological data analysis technique is started by describing personal experiences and under-studied phenomena, followed by a list of important questions, assertions, and data analysis to draw conclusions. The results showed that the students should express new information from the developed ideas, citations, and thesis statements through creative writing. Creative writing does not only need to develop writing skills and the use of technology, but also promote novelty, preciseness, and certain styles to improve the quality of scientific publications. It was concluded that the development of ideas, citations, and thesis statements can increase the quality of students’ journal articles in various ways depending on each student's ability and support from the lecturers by providing training and learning materials. It is expected that government and universities should not only focus on the implementation of technology and increasing number of publications, but also provide creative writing training, so that the quality of scientific writings produced by the Indonesian universities can be recognized all over the world. Received: 30 December 2022 / Accepted: 7 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

This study aimed to show whether the theoretical model of the social skills construct, proposed by Gismero (2000), is invariant in male and female samples of Peruvian university students from Lambayeque. In order to meet the proposed objective, a non-experimental, cross-sectional, comparative psychometric design by hierarchical confirmatory procedures was chosen. Two samples of university students were used, one of 1,084 female students and the other of 1,043 male students. Both groups were applied the self-report of social skills (EHS). With the data obtained, a confirmatory factor analysis of the first-order factor structure of the social skills construct was performed in each group, based on the polychoric correlation matrix. The invariance of the scale according to sex was evaluated on the basis of the second-order factor structure, by means of multigroup confirmatory factor analysis of nested models. No significant differences in the fit to the data were found between the two-factor second-order factor structure and the alternative one-factor model. Consecutive tests of configurational invariance, disturbance, and first- and second-order metrics gave evidence, respectively, that the model structure, second-order factor errors, and first- and second-order loadings are equivalent in the two study samples. With the data from the study, it is concluded that the structure of the EHS scale is invariant to the sex variable in the Lambayeque context. Received: 21 December 2022 / Accepted: 6 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

Effective speech interaction is crucial in the field of education. The issue of pedagogical rhetoric is associated with the mastery of verbal pedagogical impact, as well as the effectiveness of communicative and professional techniques for developing culture-oriented training and education. The study aims at determining the impact of the European experience of pedagogical rhetoric on developmental education that should ensure the mental and speech development of an individual. In the article following research methods were used: diachronic, evolutionary, and comparative-historical. Under the above-mentioned objective, the article reveals certain facts from the history of pedagogical eloquence that affect the rhetorical culture of a modern teacher and summarizes the specifics of forming and developing pedagogical rhetoric in different historical periods of European culture and education. Received: 1 December 2022 / Accepted: 11 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

The topic of how oil and gas extraction impact on economic development of nations is well researched, especially African oil-producing countries. Literature has revealed that countries endowed with natural resources tend not to grow in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) compared to their counterparts with limited or no such natural resources. This phenomenon has been characterized as the paradox of plenty. The study sought to evaluate the economic impact of oil and gas extraction in Ghana. The study utilized the quantitative research approach with secondary data from World Bank Development Indicators, 2019. Johansen Co-integration Approach was also used to evaluate the extent of causality between oil production (revenues) and the various economic variables. The Johansen Co-integration test revealed that oil revenue exerts a significant effect on Ghana’s GDP (4% higher than the average GDP before the production of oil and gas). Meanwhile, the average agriculture value-added and service value-added of Ghana for the period after the production of oil is lower than the average agriculture value-added and service value-added for the period before the production of oil in commercial quantities. The study used Ghana as a case study which somehow limits its findings. Future studies may use a panel model to do a cross-country analysis of the impact of oil and gas production on the various sectors of the respective countries. Government should formulate and expand policies (such as planting for food and jobs, and agricultural mechanization) that will help grow the agricultural and service sectors of the economy using oil revenues. The study also recommends that the Public Interest and Accountability Committee (PIAC) should closely monitor and collaborate with the petroleum revenue management institutions to ensure that oil revenues allocated to the government priority sectors, especially agriculture and service, are fully implemented. This study differs from prior studies (novel) because it aimed to determine the impact of oil and gas extraction on agricultural, industrial, and service sectors before and after oil and gas production. Received: 6 December 2022 / Accepted: 10 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

This study investigates the EMI (English as a Medium of Instruction) experience of nursing students in South Korea. From a questionnaire, two-thirds of the participants reported that English should be the primary language of instruction, even when the same number of students preferred L1 as their collaboration medium. In response to the current literature on the Korean EMI experience, this paper adopts an original application of Deleuze and Guattari's ideas in its qualitative analysis of Korean EMI to understand better why students would choose English over their L1. Instead of explaining the contradictions in EMI learning with neoliberal and capitalist critiques, the contribution of this paper is to illustrate the heterogeneity and the transformative shifts in Korean higher education and the specific function that students have in engendering new forms of identities through EMI praxis. Received: 21 December 2022 / Accepted: 3 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

The research aimed to develop and assess the satisfaction of a sustainable utilization process for dairy cow manure for farmers in the Northeast region of Thailand. The population comprised 162 dairy farmers in Pak Chong District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand and the group sampling consisted of 150 dairy farmers in Pak Chong District by using a simple random sampling method to analyze the mean and exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Additionally, dairy cow's dung that was used to be processed into organic fertilizer could reduce methane emission by using a newly developed dairy cow's dung converter, which the organic fertilizer yield was qualified as follows: 1) Organic matter = 14.5% by weight, 2) C/N ratio = 11.24:1, 3) electrical conductivity = 4.23 decimals per meter. and 4) the valuable pH = 8.35. Then, the results of the test for the amount of the primary nutrients from the primary macronutrient analysis were total organic carbon = 9.1%, nitrogen = 0.8%, phosphorus = 0.6%, and potassium = 0.84% when using the new converter. Furthermore, it was piloted with a group of farmers in the aforementioned area. From the results, it was found that there were three factors affecting the satisfaction of dairy cow farmers toward the new dairy manure conversion process; namely, the features of the machine, the efficiency of the machine, and the appearance of the machine. Simultaneously, when taking all three factors to evaluate the satisfaction, the following results were found: 1) The features of the machine that is very important (mean = 4.283; SD = 0.661), 2) the efficiency of the machine that is very appropriate (mean = 4.280; SD = 0.528), and 3) the appearance of the machine that is very appropriate (mean = 4.013; SD = 0.632). Then, these three factors were considered as the highlights of the machine for converting dairy cow dung into ready-made organic fertilizer for cultivating plants in organic agriculture that could be seen as being environmentally friendly. Received: 7 December 2022 / Accepted: 15 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

In this paper, based on Bloom's Taxonomy and Double Diamond Model, this study explores to development of the Graphic Design Thinking Model, which involves the knowledge dimension and the cognitive dimension, and it will be used to improve creative thinking for solving problems in relevant design courses. To test this hypothesis, the researcher will measure the effectiveness of this model used in the implementation of design projects and compare the improvement of various indicators of creative thinking. The respondents are 30 students from one university in China majoring in art and design, who were asked to take a pre-test, and a post-test according to the GDT Model in the graphic design course. The researcher has referred to the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT) and used a Likert scale to determine the pre-test and post-test scores in the design projects. The results analyzed by SPSS show that the GDT Model can help students to realize the creation of graphics, significantly improving their creative thinking. Received: 15 December 2022 / Accepted: 26 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

This research aims to measure the Regional Financial Capability Level of Gorontalo Regency. The data used is secondary data analyzed using Share and Growth ratios. The study results indicate that the regional financial capacity of Gorontalo Regency is classified as low criteria. On top of that, Gorontalo Regency is ranked as the least ideal area because the mapping position of the regional quadrant analysis of Gorontalo Regency is in the category of quadrant four. The Government of Gorontalo Regency needs to look at the potential for local revenue. In this way, Gorontalo Regency can change its condition into an ideal and independent Gorontalo Regency. Moreover, the government also needs to strengthen policies in regional autonomy enforcement. Received: 30 August 2022 / Accepted: 25 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

In 2018, global fashion produced 2.1 billion tonnes of greenhouse emissions. According to life-cycle assessments (LCA), the use phase in clothing life cycles is the most harmful to the environment. During the use phase, clothing maintenance is associated with high water and energy consumption and is the most polluting stage in the clothing life cycle. In addressing the environmental impact of the clothing and textile industry, the design and manufacturing phases overshadow the clothing maintenance/care phase. As part of their social responsibility, clothing companies do not concern themselves with how sold garments are utilised after purchase. A disconnect emerges between seller and buyer immediately after a garment is bought and leaves the retail environment. As a result, the clothing consumer assumes full responsibility for managing the environmental impacts that characterise the use phase. Yet, most consumers need to be equipped with the knowledge to empower them to understand the ecological implications. This study aims to establish the level of sustainability awareness among young consumers in a major South African university of technology concerning clothing maintenance and to establish whether environmental knowledge translates into sustainable practice. The study applied a quantitative research approach, using semi-structured questionnaires, to gather information related to the ecological impact of washing, drying, and ironing clothing, as well as washing detergents and fabric softeners. The findings show that most participants were aware of 'eco-fashion' as a general term related to environmental welfare but were unaware of how the activities involved in the care of clothing may affect the environment. Some participants demonstrated poor knowledge, and many did not relate clothing-care equipment and products such as detergents and fabric softeners to adverse environmental impacts. Few participants consulted fabric and care label instructions during laundering and ironing to avoid ecological damage. Most participants also did not understand the health and environmental dangers caused by dry cleaning processes. The research concludes that there is a generally low level of sustainability awareness among young consumers of clothing and a low rate of translation of sustainability literacy into sustainable action in the care and maintenance of clothing. The paper recommends that clothing manufacturers and retailers provide consumers with sustainable post-purchase information as part of their environmental responsibility. Received: 13 April 2022 / Accepted: 5 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

Today, institutions experience complex healthcare situations that include suffering, pain, and death. This review clarifies the various ways of fostering and motivating spirituality and religiosity to ensure humanized care in the healthcare setting. The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific evidence on the dynamics of spirituality and religiosity to address humanized care in healthcare settings. Documents were collected from the following databases: Scielo and Pubmed databases. The following words were used for the search: "spiritual wellbeing," "spiritual care," and "spirituality" in English, Spanish and Portuguese, selecting only Latin-American experiences. We found 101 scientific articles from 2014 to 2021 through inclusion and exclusion criteria such as those without open access, duplicity, articles in the pre-publication stage, and letters to the editor, and reviews. Finally, 48 were analyzed. The results show that the spiritual and religious dynamic is a hopeful element in the face of the illness and suffering experienced by the person, being necessary for the nurse to include in specialized care. We conclude that is important to include in professional training spiritual care competencies, being the essence of nursing, holistic care. The various research shows that spirituality is transcendent in the person, and it also provides inner strength to deal with pain and therapy. Finally, the nursing professional must work the aspects of spirituality in an empathic way with the patient, respecting his creed, worship, and favoring the integral well-being. Received: 5 September 2022 / Accepted: 14 January 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of two dimensions of financial inclusion -namely availability of banking services and usage of banking services- on national economic output in four North African economies; Egypt, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. Availability of banking services was proxied by number of commercial bank branches. Usage of banking services was proxied by the sum of outstanding deposits and outstanding loans with commercial banks. National economic output was proxied by real gross domestic product. Using panel data for the years 2004-2020, panel regression analysis results revealed significant positive effects of both, availability and usage of banking services on national economic output when no time-lagging of the predictors was used, and also when the predictors were one and two year lagged. Theoretical contributions, practical implications and study limitations are discussed. Received: 24 December 2022 / Accepted: 10 February 2023 / Published: 5 March 2023