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Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: to analyze the phonological changes obtained (phonological system, phonetic inventory and distinctive features alterations) pre and post-treatment by ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Approach in different severity levels of phonological disorders. Method: the diagnosis was determined by the phonoaudiological evaluation in eight children with different severity level of phonological disorders, whose average age was 5:5 in the beginning of the treatment. All of them were treated by ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Approach. It was analyzed the phonetic inventory, phonological system and distinctive features alterations. Results: all severity levels of phonological disorders demonstrated some improvement in the phonological system. Conclusions: the severe phonological disorders presented the highest improvement among the different levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: to verify which group (with or without stimulation of orofacial praxis skills) presented better structural generalizations by considering the following types: Related to items not used in the treatment, to another position in the word, within a class of sounds, and to another class of sounds. Methods: the sample consisted of six subjects (three girls and three boys), with ages between 5:4 and 7:0 at the beginning of therapy. The subjects were divided into three groups, all received phonological therapy through the model of Minimal Pairs Maximum / Empty Set oppositions, being those of the study group treated with stimulation of face and tongue praxis skills (GFoLFa), and with exercises of tongue praxis skills (GFoL), and the control group was subjected only to phonological therapy (GFO). All were assessed before and after therapy as to the phonological system (Yavas,Hernandorena and Lamprecht, 1991); also the Orofacial Praxis Test (Berzoatti, TavanoandFabbro, 2007), and the Bucofacial Articulatory Praxis test (Hage, 2000). Result: the GFoLFa achieved major developments to generalizations for the four types analyzed (within a class of sounds to other positions in the word, to another class of sounds and in items not used in the treatment). The GFoL presented a substantial number of generalizations within a class of sounds; and the GFO had presented generalization to another class of sounds. Conclusion: the groups that received praxis intervention obtained greater generalizations; however, we suggest new studies applying this model, in order that with other samples these results can be confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately between 4 or 5 years old, the child has already acquired all the phonemes of the Portuguese adult phonological system. However, this process does not always occur according to expectations, being noted separations/deviations in the acquisition of speech sounds. This study aimed to verify and compare the phonological evolution of, with phonological deviation submitted to phonological therapy associated with the stimulation or not of oral praxis skills. The sample was composed by six subjects (three girls and three boys) aged between 5:4 and 7:0 at the beginning of therapy. The subjects were divided in three groups, all receiving phonological therapy; to one group was added praxis stimulation of face and tongue (GFoLFa); tongue praxis stimulation (GFoL) to another and the third group was submitted only to phonological therapy (GFo). All of them were evaluated before and after therapy regarding: phonological system (Yavas, Hernandorena and Lamprecht, 1991); Orofacial Praxis Test (Bearzotti, Tavano e Fabbro, 2007) and Bucofacial Articulatory Praxis test (Hage, 2000). The results were analyzed descriptively by comparing the three groups. The results evidenced that all groups presented evolution in the phonetic inventory, the GFoLFa obtained bigger evolution in the PCC-R. At this, new ways of study applying this model are suggested, so that these results can be confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: to analize the phonological changes resulting from the application of the Multiple Opposition Approach concerning the Percentage of Consonants Correct - Revised (PCC-R), on the number of phonemes that were acquired in the phonological inventory and on the types of generalization. Method: the researched group included five subjects with phonological disorders. It was carried out phonological and complementary assessments. The speech data were transcribed and analyzed through the phonological assessment pre and post-treatment. The subjects underwent the treatment based on the Multiple Opposition Approach. Results: an increase in PCC-R, number of acquired phonemes and presence of different types of generalization in the final assessment, which was statistical difference, except the results of the generalization within sound class were not statistical difference in the pos-treatment. Conclusion: the Multiple Oppositions Approach was effective for the treatment of Brazilian Portuguese speakers because the model provided changes in the PCC-R, number of acquired phonemes and some generalizations (to lexical items non used during treatment, to another position of the word, inside a sound class and to other sound class). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: the therapeutic evolution of two subjects with different degree of phonological disorder treated by Empty Set with minimal distinction of distinctive traces. Procedures: the sample was made up by two male subjects with phonological disorder. S1, age 4:5-year old, with mild-moderate phonological disorder, and S2, age 6:4-year old, with moderate-severe phonological disorder. Both were treated by Empty Set with minimal distinction of traces. After treatment, we compared the initial and final phonological evaluation. Results: S1 acquired in less time the selected target sounds, however, both subjects showed generalizations to untreated words and to other word positions. Only S2 showed generalization across and within other sound classes. Conclusion: the Empty Set with minimal distinction of distinctive traces was effective for the treatment of mild-moderate and moderate-severe disorders because both subjects showed improvement as for the speech. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze the relation between the repair strategies used by the EPD group and the severity of their disorder. Methods: speech sample concerning 12 subjects (6 boys and 6 girls), aged between 4:00 and 6:11;29, diagnosed with evolutional phonological disorder. The data were statically analyzed in the Computer Package VARBRUL under Windows environment (Varbwin). Results: the severity of Severe Disorder (SD) shows more probability for occurring plosivization, posteriorization, and others, and also semivocalization. The severity of Moderate-Severe Disorder (MSD) favors the occurrence of anteriorization, desonorization, and others. The severity of Mild-Moderate Disorder favors posteriorization, semivocalization and desonorization. The severity of Mild Disorder showed more probability for making posteriorizations and anteriorizations. Conclusion: the greater the severity of the phonological disorder is, more children use repair strategies, whether because they do not know the segment yet or because they do not master its production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CEFAC is the property of Revista CEFAC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: to check the effects of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) with Haas, made by orthodontistic, in speech of the patient with cleft lip and palate. Methods: 12 subjects, 6 boys and 6 girls, with age between 7 and 14-year old, divided in two groups. Group 1 (G1), was submitted to conventional activation RME protocol and Group 2 (G2), was submitted to activation ERM protocol in accordance with Liou and Tsai (2005) as for alternate expansions and constrictions. The subjects were submitted to speech evaluation, perceptual analysis by speech therapists and laymen judgment and spectrographic evaluation of speech with Praat program. Results: the measure of vocal' emission times was statistically relevant after RME to vocal [i] in G1 and to vocal [a] in G2. In perceptual analysis, no statistical relevance was found among the groups as for Nasality and Articulation evaluation, but as judges deemed that Nasality became better, they deemed that Articulations was better too, as well as the variables "Better", "Equal" and "Worse". Conclusion: the decrease of vocal emission times after RME, show us that the increase in nasal air escape cause a smaller emission time. The perceptual analysis seems to be an efficient kind of evaluation, demonstrating agreement amongst the judges, both layman as well as speech pathologists. The perceptual analysis also showed that as Nasality decreases, the Articulation improves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to analyze the efficacy in the three models of therapy with phonological basement in subjects with different degrees of phonological disorder severity. Methods: the subjects in this research were 21 children, eleven males and ten females, with age mean: 5:7. Speech data were analyzed through the performance of the phonological assessment. After the phonological assessment, the percentage of correct consonants proposed by Shriberg & Kwiatkowski (1982) was calculated and the subjects were then classified in the severity degrees regarding the phonological disorder in: severe, moderate-severe, mild-moderate and mild disorder. Six0 subjects were submitted to the Modified Cycles Model, 8 to the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model and 7 to the Modified Maximum Opposition Model. Making the comparison the generalization to other position in the word among three models of therapy within each degree of phonological disorder severity. Results: the generalization to other position in the word occurred in all the studied models, however, ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Model were more effective to the group with severe disorder; the Modified Maximum Opposition Model to the group with moderate-severe and mild-moderate disorder; and the Modified Maximum Opposition and the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes Models to the group with mild disorder. Conclusion: all the subjects showed gains in the phonological system and relation to generalization of the other positions in the word, but the ABAB-Withdrawal and Multiple Probes and Modified Maximum Opposition Models were more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: phonological therapy in siblings with phonological disorder. PROCEDURE: the sample was composed of two brothers, S1 and S2, male and female, respectively. S1, age 6:6-year-old, with severe phonological disorder, was treated by Minimal Opposition model and S2, age 4:8-year-old, with moderate-severe phonological disorder, was treated by Maximal Opposition model. Both subjects have had 25 sessions of speech therapy. RESULTS: S2 got better development compared to S1. S1 showed generalization to untreated items and S2 showed generalization within a sound class. CONCLUSION: the used models are effective, because they provided the occurrence of generalizations and the improvement of the phonological system of both subjects. However, environmental factors may have limited the progress of treatment, since that the children had similar substitutions in the speech that favored the maintenance of the change.(AU) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]