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Background. Certifying long-term sick leave along with coordination of the complex rehabilitation programs are important activities of social insurance doctors. They have the role in preventing the loss of work capacity of employees which may lead to leaving the labor market and transition to other social insurance benefits, such as work disability pension.Objectives. Analysis of long term sick leaves (over 183 days) with the identification of risk factors and population groups with low potential for work capacity rehabilitation.Method. We conducted a cross-sectional study between September 2019 and September 2020. The information was collected from the registers of the National Institute of Medical Assessment and Work Capacity Rehabilitation Bucharest and from the EXPMED application. The data were statistically analyzed using the PSPP software. Results. The highest percentage of rehabilitation was achieved in case of traumatic injuries (73.17%), followed by musculoskeletal diseases (70.06%). We noticed lower recovery in case of nervous system diseases (50.56%) and cardiovascular diseases (44.23%). In other pathologies the recovery percentage was 58.37%. People who regained their work capacity were significantly younger than those who turned to other forms of social benefits, disability pension or old-age pension (47.87 ± 8.93 vs. 53.16 ± 8.43).Conclusions. Most of the subjects (72%) regained their work capacity and did not need disability pension. We identified different socio-demographic and morbidity characteristics in people on long term sick leave and target groups that require intensive intervention measures.