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of paper that presented at 20th International Congress of Nutrition, Granada, September 2013.

of paper that presented at 20th International Congress of Nutrition, Granada, September 2013.

of paper that presented at 20th International Congress of Nutrition, Granada, September 2013.

of paper that presented at 20th International Congress of Nutrition, Granada, September 2013.

Background and aims: Studies of diet in relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) have focused on individual nutrients. The relationship between overall patterns of food intake and renal function has not been well explored. We aimed to investigate the associations between diet quality with the prevalence, incidence and progression of CKD in a cohort of older adults Methods and Results: 1952 participants aged ≥50 years at baseline were examined between 1992–1994 and 2002–2004. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians was developed to determine total diet scores (TDS). Baseline biochemistry including serum creatinine was measured. CKD was defined as MDRD estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) Participants in the highest quartile of mean TDS compared to those in the first quartile (reference), had a 41% reduced likelihood of having eGFR Conclusion: Older adults with better diet quality had a reduced likelihood of having eGFR

An abstract of poster presentation that presented at SimHealth 2013 Conference.

Background and aims Limited evidence suggests habitual dairy consumption to be protective against metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and type 2 diabetes among older adults. We assessed the association of baseline consumption of dairy products with the incidence of MetSyn and type 2 diabetes among a cohort of Australian adults aged 49 years and over. Methods and results A validated 145-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food and nutrient intake at baseline. Ten-year incidence of MetSyn and type 2 diabetes were obtained from 1807 and 1824 subjects respectively. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by discrete time logistic regression modelling. Compared with subjects in the lowest intake quartile of regular fat dairy products, those in the highest quartile had a 59% lower risk of MetSyn (multivariate adjusted OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.23-0.71; ptrend = 0.004), after adjustment for risk factors. Among obese subjects, an association between a high intake of regular fat dairy foods and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes was also found (age and sex adjusted OR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.88; ptrend = 0.030), but the association did not persist after adjustment for additional confounders. There was no association between total dairy consumption and risk of MetSyn or type 2 diabetes. Conclusions We found an inverse association between regular fat dairy consumption and risk of MetSyn among Australian older adults. Further studies are warranted to examine the association between weight status, dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Aims Dietary modifications may play an important role in the prevention of diabetes. We aimed to assess the temporal association between diet quality and both impaired fasting glucose and Type 2 diabetes among older adults. Methods A total of 2564 participants aged 49+ years at baseline were examined between 1992 and 1994 and 2002–2004 and had their fasting blood glucose measured. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians was developed to determine Total Diet Score. Incident diabetes (or impaired fasting glucose) was defined in participants at risk who were newly diagnosed by a physician during the follow-up or found to have a fasting blood glucose level ≥ 7.0 mmol/l (or 6.1–6.9 mmol/l). Results After adjusting for age, sex, current smoking, body mass index, hypertension and serum triglycerides, comparing highest with lowest tertile of total diet score, a significant 75% decrease in risk of incident impaired fasting glucose was observed in men (Ptrend = 0.02). Also, in men, each two-point increase in Total Diet Score was associated with a 52% reduction in the 10-year incidence of impaired fasting glucose, (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33–0.69). No significant associations were observed among women or with the 10-year incidence of diabetes. Conclusions Greater compliance with published dietary guidelines (better diet quality) was associated with a reduced risk of pre-diabetes in men, but not women.

of paper that presented at 20th International Congress of Nutrition, Granada, September 2013.

Background and aims: Studies of diet in relation to chronic kidney disease (CKD) have focused on individual nutrients. The relationship between overall patterns of food intake and renal function has not been well explored. We aimed to investigate the associations between diet quality with the prevalence, incidence and progression of CKD in a cohort of older adults Methods and Results: 1952 participants aged ≥50 years at baseline were examined between 1992–1994 and 2002–2004. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians was developed to determine total diet scores (TDS). Baseline biochemistry including serum creatinine was measured. CKD was defined as MDRD estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) Participants in the highest quartile of mean TDS compared to those in the first quartile (reference), had a 41% reduced likelihood of having eGFR Conclusion: Older adults with better diet quality had a reduced likelihood of having eGFR

An abstract of poster presentation that presented at SimHealth 2013 Conference.

Background and aims Limited evidence suggests habitual dairy consumption to be protective against metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) and type 2 diabetes among older adults. We assessed the association of baseline consumption of dairy products with the incidence of MetSyn and type 2 diabetes among a cohort of Australian adults aged 49 years and over. Methods and results A validated 145-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess food and nutrient intake at baseline. Ten-year incidence of MetSyn and type 2 diabetes were obtained from 1807 and 1824 subjects respectively. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated by discrete time logistic regression modelling. Compared with subjects in the lowest intake quartile of regular fat dairy products, those in the highest quartile had a 59% lower risk of MetSyn (multivariate adjusted OR: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.23-0.71; ptrend = 0.004), after adjustment for risk factors. Among obese subjects, an association between a high intake of regular fat dairy foods and reduced risk of type 2 diabetes was also found (age and sex adjusted OR 0.37; 95% CI: 0.16-0.88; ptrend = 0.030), but the association did not persist after adjustment for additional confounders. There was no association between total dairy consumption and risk of MetSyn or type 2 diabetes. Conclusions We found an inverse association between regular fat dairy consumption and risk of MetSyn among Australian older adults. Further studies are warranted to examine the association between weight status, dairy consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes.

Aims Dietary modifications may play an important role in the prevention of diabetes. We aimed to assess the temporal association between diet quality and both impaired fasting glucose and Type 2 diabetes among older adults. Methods A total of 2564 participants aged 49+ years at baseline were examined between 1992 and 1994 and 2002–2004 and had their fasting blood glucose measured. Dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. A modified version of the Healthy Eating Index for Australians was developed to determine Total Diet Score. Incident diabetes (or impaired fasting glucose) was defined in participants at risk who were newly diagnosed by a physician during the follow-up or found to have a fasting blood glucose level ≥ 7.0 mmol/l (or 6.1–6.9 mmol/l). Results After adjusting for age, sex, current smoking, body mass index, hypertension and serum triglycerides, comparing highest with lowest tertile of total diet score, a significant 75% decrease in risk of incident impaired fasting glucose was observed in men (Ptrend = 0.02). Also, in men, each two-point increase in Total Diet Score was associated with a 52% reduction in the 10-year incidence of impaired fasting glucose, (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.33–0.69). No significant associations were observed among women or with the 10-year incidence of diabetes. Conclusions Greater compliance with published dietary guidelines (better diet quality) was associated with a reduced risk of pre-diabetes in men, but not women.

of paper that presented at 20th International Congress of Nutrition, Granada, September 2013.

Aim: To determine the association between the relative energy intake, and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with early to moderate stage CKD. Background: Obesity and excess energy intake relative to output are risk factors for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population. However, previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between obesity and mortality risk among those on dialysis. The association between relative energy intake and mortality risk among those with mild-moderately reduced kidney function is unclear. Methods: Analysis included 1245 men and 1490 women aged ≥49 years at baseline from a population-based cohort in the Blue Mountains, Sydney, Australia. We assessed the relationship between relative energy balance and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with and without reduced kidney function using unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional regression models. Results: There is an increased risk of all-cause (adjusted HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.09, p = 0.026) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.84, p = 0.078) among those with higher relative energy intake compared with those with lower relative energy intake in the CKD population. Simple sugar (per 100 g, HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.64, p = 0.007) was signifi cantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Relative energy intake, but not BMI, is a signifi cant risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among elderly people with CKD. Doubling the relative energy intake is associated with a 48% increased risk for all-cause and 63% vascular mortality among those with early to moderate stage CKD, irrespective of their body mass index. Strategies to limit the energy and sugar intake may reduce the burden of premature deaths.

Aim: To determine the association between the relative energy intake, and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with early to moderate stage CKD. Background: Obesity and excess energy intake relative to output are risk factors for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population. However, previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between obesity and mortality risk among those on dialysis. The association between relative energy intake and mortality risk among those with mild-moderately reduced kidney function is unclear. Methods: Analysis included 1245 men and 1490 women aged ≥49 years at baseline from a population-based cohort in the Blue Mountains, Sydney, Australia. We assessed the relationship between relative energy balance and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with and without reduced kidney function using unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional regression models. Results: There is an increased risk of all-cause (adjusted HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.09, p = 0.026) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.84, p = 0.078) among those with higher relative energy intake compared with those with lower relative energy intake in the CKD population. Simple sugar (per 100 g, HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.64, p = 0.007) was signifi cantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Relative energy intake, but not BMI, is a signifi cant risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among elderly people with CKD. Doubling the relative energy intake is associated with a 48% increased risk for all-cause and 63% vascular mortality among those with early to moderate stage CKD, irrespective of their body mass index. Strategies to limit the energy and sugar intake may reduce the burden of premature deaths.

Background/objectives: It has been postulated that higher dairy consumption may affect blood pressure regulation. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dairy consumption and blood pressure in mid-childhood. Methods: Subjects (n=335) were participants of a birth cohort at high risk of asthma withinformation on diet at 18 months and blood pressure at 8 years. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of dairy consumption (serves) and micronutrient intakes (mg) at 18 m with blood pressure at 8 y. In a subgroup of children (n=201), dietary intake was measured at age 18 m and 9 y which allowed for comparisons of blood pressure of those who consistently consumed at least two dairy serves per day versus those who did not. Results: Children in the highest quintile of dairy consumption at 18 months had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 8 years (2.5 mm Hg, P=0.046 and 1.9 mm Hg, P=0.047; respectively) than those in the lowest quintiles. SBP was lowest among children in the highest quintiles of calcium, magnesium and potassium intakes. Significant negative linear trends were observed between SBP and intakes of dairy serves, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Furthermore, SBP and DBP were lowest in the group of children that consumed at least two dairy serves at both 18 months and 9 years, compared to all other children (SBP 98.7 vs 101.0 mm Hg, P=0.07; and DBP 56.5 vs 59.3 mm Hg, P=0.006; respectively). Conclusions: These results are consistent with a protective effect of dairy consumption in childhood on blood pressure at age 8 years.

Aim: To determine the association between the relative energy intake, and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with early to moderate stage CKD. Background: Obesity and excess energy intake relative to output are risk factors for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population. However, previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between obesity and mortality risk among those on dialysis. The association between relative energy intake and mortality risk among those with mild-moderately reduced kidney function is unclear. Methods: Analysis included 1245 men and 1490 women aged ≥49 years at baseline from a population-based cohort in the Blue Mountains, Sydney, Australia. We assessed the relationship between relative energy balance and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with and without reduced kidney function using unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional regression models. Results: There is an increased risk of all-cause (adjusted HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.09, p = 0.026) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.84, p = 0.078) among those with higher relative energy intake compared with those with lower relative energy intake in the CKD population. Simple sugar (per 100 g, HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.64, p = 0.007) was signifi cantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Relative energy intake, but not BMI, is a signifi cant risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among elderly people with CKD. Doubling the relative energy intake is associated with a 48% increased risk for all-cause and 63% vascular mortality among those with early to moderate stage CKD, irrespective of their body mass index. Strategies to limit the energy and sugar intake may reduce the burden of premature deaths.

Background/objectives: It has been postulated that higher dairy consumption may affect blood pressure regulation. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dairy consumption and blood pressure in mid-childhood. Methods: Subjects (n=335) were participants of a birth cohort at high risk of asthma withinformation on diet at 18 months and blood pressure at 8 years. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of dairy consumption (serves) and micronutrient intakes (mg) at 18 m with blood pressure at 8 y. In a subgroup of children (n=201), dietary intake was measured at age 18 m and 9 y which allowed for comparisons of blood pressure of those who consistently consumed at least two dairy serves per day versus those who did not. Results: Children in the highest quintile of dairy consumption at 18 months had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 8 years (2.5 mm Hg, P=0.046 and 1.9 mm Hg, P=0.047; respectively) than those in the lowest quintiles. SBP was lowest among children in the highest quintiles of calcium, magnesium and potassium intakes. Significant negative linear trends were observed between SBP and intakes of dairy serves, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Furthermore, SBP and DBP were lowest in the group of children that consumed at least two dairy serves at both 18 months and 9 years, compared to all other children (SBP 98.7 vs 101.0 mm Hg, P=0.07; and DBP 56.5 vs 59.3 mm Hg, P=0.006; respectively). Conclusions: These results are consistent with a protective effect of dairy consumption in childhood on blood pressure at age 8 years.

Aim: To determine the association between the relative energy intake, and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with early to moderate stage CKD. Background: Obesity and excess energy intake relative to output are risk factors for cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population. However, previous studies have reported an inverse relationship between obesity and mortality risk among those on dialysis. The association between relative energy intake and mortality risk among those with mild-moderately reduced kidney function is unclear. Methods: Analysis included 1245 men and 1490 women aged ≥49 years at baseline from a population-based cohort in the Blue Mountains, Sydney, Australia. We assessed the relationship between relative energy balance and the risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in people with and without reduced kidney function using unadjusted and adjusted Cox proportional regression models. Results: There is an increased risk of all-cause (adjusted HR 1.48, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.09, p = 0.026) and cardiovascular mortality (adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 0.94 to 2.84, p = 0.078) among those with higher relative energy intake compared with those with lower relative energy intake in the CKD population. Simple sugar (per 100 g, HR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.64, p = 0.007) was signifi cantly associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Conclusions: Relative energy intake, but not BMI, is a signifi cant risk factor for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among elderly people with CKD. Doubling the relative energy intake is associated with a 48% increased risk for all-cause and 63% vascular mortality among those with early to moderate stage CKD, irrespective of their body mass index. Strategies to limit the energy and sugar intake may reduce the burden of premature deaths.

Background/objectives: It has been postulated that higher dairy consumption may affect blood pressure regulation. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dairy consumption and blood pressure in mid-childhood. Methods: Subjects (n=335) were participants of a birth cohort at high risk of asthma withinformation on diet at 18 months and blood pressure at 8 years. Multivariate analyses were used to assess the association of dairy consumption (serves) and micronutrient intakes (mg) at 18 m with blood pressure at 8 y. In a subgroup of children (n=201), dietary intake was measured at age 18 m and 9 y which allowed for comparisons of blood pressure of those who consistently consumed at least two dairy serves per day versus those who did not. Results: Children in the highest quintile of dairy consumption at 18 months had lower systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) at 8 years (2.5 mm Hg, P=0.046 and 1.9 mm Hg, P=0.047; respectively) than those in the lowest quintiles. SBP was lowest among children in the highest quintiles of calcium, magnesium and potassium intakes. Significant negative linear trends were observed between SBP and intakes of dairy serves, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Furthermore, SBP and DBP were lowest in the group of children that consumed at least two dairy serves at both 18 months and 9 years, compared to all other children (SBP 98.7 vs 101.0 mm Hg, P=0.07; and DBP 56.5 vs 59.3 mm Hg, P=0.006; respectively). Conclusions: These results are consistent with a protective effect of dairy consumption in childhood on blood pressure at age 8 years.