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Prostate cancer is one of the most actual oncourological diseases because of the persisting high rates of morbidity and mortality from this pathology. More than 1 100 000 new cases of this pathology are registered in the world every year. The incidence of prostate cancer in the Russian Federation continues to increase steadily. Despite the success in early detection of this disease, primarily due to the introduction of diagnostics with the use of a specific prostatic antigen, the frequency of detection of primary metastatic cancer of the prostate gland remains high and is about 20%. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is an extremely heterogeneous disease with an unfavorable prognosis in most of these patients, which requires a differentiated approach when prescribing therapy in each case. Despite the standard approach to prescribing chemotherapy as one of the main methods of drug treatment, the method of hormonal therapy of the second line using drugs aimed at the androgenic mechanism of cellular proliferation regulation is an effective and less toxic option. A fundamentally different mechanism of action has a new drug hormonal therapy of the second line enzalutamide, which is able to selectively block androgen receptors and disturb the translocation of the signal from the receptor into the cell and the cell nucleus. A number of large randomized trials that studied the effectiveness of this drug have allowed to register it for clinical use, including in our country. The article presents a review of the literature on the use of enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-refractory prostate cancer, as well as a description of the clinical case of the use of this drug in real practice.

Prostate cancer (PC) is the most pressing oncourological pathology due to a steady increase in morbidity and mortality from this pathology in the Russian Federation. The detection frequency of the common forms of the disease remains high. The combined chemo-hormonal therapy is the main method of treatment of metastatic prostate cancer. The refractoriness of the tumour to the ongoing castration therapy is an inevitable stage of the course of the disease in all patients receiving androgen deprivation therapy. However, castration therapy aimed at reducing endogenous testosterone in this cohort of patients should be continued. Eligard is one of the most studied drugs to conduct the drug castration therapy in patients with prostate cancer, which efficacy has been proven in numerous clinical studies in both continuous and intermittent mode using depot forms of various durations of action. The article presents a review of clinical studies that assessed the efficacy of Eligard therapy in different regimens and with the use of depot forms of various duration, which demonstrated equal effectiveness of such forms.

Information about retraction of an articleAnalysis conducted by the members of the editorial board has revealed the direct borrowing without reference to the specific source of citations in the following articles:The article by Alekseev B.Ya., Nyushko K.M., Kalpinskiy A.S. Targeted therapy in patients with metastatic kidney cancer in real clinical practice and the article by Alekseev B.Ya., Nyushko K.M., Kalpinskiy A.S. The use of sunitinib in real clinical practice in patients with metastatic kidney cancer // Onkourologiya = Oncourology – 2016 – V. 12 - No. 1 – p. 14-20.Based on the decision of the Editorial Board of the journal Medical Council dated January 17, 2020, the following article has been retracted:Alekseev B.Ya., Nyushko K.M., Kalpinskiy A.S. Targeted therapy in patients with metastatic kidney cancer in real clinical practice // Meditsinskiy sovet - Medical Council – 2016 – 10 – p. 48-55.The article presents the findings of clinical studies with use of sunitinib with advanced inclusion criteria and of non-randomized studies in which sunitinib clinical effectiveness is proved in patients with unfavorable forecast of the therapy course, non clearcell variants of mRCC, metastases in the brain, in elderly patients and in patients at the terminal stage of the renal insufficiency requiring hemodialysis. Despite lower values of objective response frequency, the survival rate without progressing in this category of patients as compared to patients with small-cell mRCC was comparable and the total survival rate was a little lower than in the registration randomized clinical study.