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Introduction. Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy that occurs in 3-8% of pregnant women and is the leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Aim. To evaluate the role of vascular homeostasis gene polymorphism in the formation of preeclampsia.Materials and methods. The sample for this study included 250 women with preeclampsia and 209 women with normal gestation (control group). Five polymorphic loci of vascular homeostasis genes were selected for analysis: α-adducin (G460W ADD1), β2-adrenoceptor (+46G/A ADRB2), endothelin-1 (Lys198Asn EDN1) encoding the β3 G protein subunit (G/A GNB3), cytochrome 3A5 (+6986G/A CYP3A5). The molecular genetic study of all SNPs was carried out by polymerase chain reaction.Results. It was found that genetic variants determine the risk of developing preeclampsia. The allelic variant 198Lys EDN1 (84.80%) occurs in women with a clinical diagnosis of PE significantly more often than in women of the control group (79.67%) (p = 0.05; OR = 1.43; 95%CI 1.01–2.03). At the same time, among pregnant women without PE, combinations of 198Asn EDN1 x +46 A ADRB2 (23.65%) and 198Asn EDN1 x 460 ADD1 x +46 A ADRB2 (23.65%) are registered 1.6–1.7 times more often than among women with PE (14.46 and 13.65%, respectively, рperm = 0.032). Conclusion. The risk factor for the formation of preeclampsia is the 198Lys EDN1 allele (OR = 1.43), and combinations of genetic variants 198Asn EDN1 х +46 A ADRB2 (OR = 0.55) and 198Asn EDN1 х +46 A ADRB2 х 460G ADD1 (OR = 0.51) have a protective value.

Introduction. Preeclampsia (PE) and fetal growth retardation (FGR), the main mechanism of which is the pathology of the placenta, directly affect the structure of both maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality, which determines the medical and social significance of the study of PE and FGR, especially genetic predictors of the development of these complications of gestation. Objective. To study the involvement of GWAS polymorphism of significant arterial hypertension candidate genes in the formation of FGR in pregnant women with PE. Materials and methods. The samples for the study included 83 pregnant women with PE in combination with FGR and 369 women with isolated PE who were included in the control group. All women underwent a molecular genetic study of four polymorphisms: rs932764 PLCE1, rs167479 RGL3, rs633185 ARHGAP42, rs7302981 CERS5, and studied their relationship with the development of FGR in pregnant women with PE. The functional effects of polymorphic markers, which showed significant associations with the formation of FGR in pregnant women with PE, were examined using international bioinformatic projects on functional genomics (HaploReg, GTExportal, PolyPhen-2). Results and discussion. The AA genotype of the rs9327643 locus of the PLCE1 gene significantly reduces the risk of FGR formation in pregnant women with PE according to the recessive model (OR = 0.37; p = 0.01; pperm = 0.01). The rs932764 polymorphic variant of the PLCE1 gene is located in the region of regulatory DNA motifs for 2 Hdx and Zic transcription factors, localized in the region of histone protein encoding H3K4me1 enhancers in the brain and associated with the expression of the HDAC1P1 gene in male gonad tissues. Conclusions. The polymorphic locus rs9327643 of the PLCE1 gene is associated with the risk of developing FGR in pregnant women with PE.

The guidelines for treatment of patients with HIV infection developed in the United States (DHHS) and the European Union (EACS) are the most globally recognised. They are used in the development of many national guidelines, including those in Russia. The guidelines of the European Union and the United States are specific in that they are characterized by high scientific validity and target countries with high income per capita. In the process of the guidelines evolution, they tended to update the recommended drugs with more efficient, safe and easy to use medications; they expanded the list of indications for antiretroviral therapy to the extent that it was recommended to all HIV patients regardless of clinical manifestations and the level of CD4 cells. The article also analyzes the changes that the guidelines underwent over the past 6 years. There are recent versions of the guidelines.