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Lack of safe water prevents 42 percent of the world's population from accessing sanitation. In 2021, the WHO estimated that there would be 784 million people without access to safe drinking water. With a well-planned system, the group aims to cut the number of people in need of drinkable water by half by 2015. These methods improve saltwater, which makes up 97 percent of the world's water. In this regard, a model that simulates the work of groundwater treatment firms using natural resources and renewable energy has been developed. There was a lack of continuous wind energy throughout most of Oman, where this model was put, and the necessity for a reverse osmosis system for constant maintenance because these projects rely on renewable energy everywhere. This article aims to create an autonomous desalination plant powered by solar and wind energy. A simulator model based on renewable energy groundwater purification systems was created for this aim. To treat subterranean water in distant areas of Oman using two renewable technologies to create enough electricity to run the reverse water purification and water purification system at the lowest cost. A turbine mounted vertically with a height of 1.5 meters and a diameter of 1 meter will produce 2304 liters per day and 800000 liters per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethyl acetate is intensively used as a solvent for paints, coatings, resins, inks, main ingredient in different fragrances and flavors for consumer products and decaffeination. An assessment of the ethyl acetate esterification process for different process intensification techniques was studied to identify the several advantages over the traditional process. Experimental and simulation details for individual ethyl acetate production process and coproduction process with n-butyl acetate or isopropyl acetate are discussed. Simulation studies analysis shows the comparison of various mathematical models and the identification of the most commonly used model for different process simulators. This review focuses on ethyl acetate process intensification techniques including Reactive distillation, pervaporation assisted reactive distillation, pressure-swing reactive distillation, reactive dividing wall columns, reactive extractive distillation, microwave reactive distillation, reactive chromatography. The effect of various process parameters i.e. ethanol flow rate, acetic acid flow rate, choice of a homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyst, reflux ratio, feed tray position, the total number of trays, types of entrainer, condenser and reboiler duties on ethyl acetate purity, overall production rate, energy consumption and total annual cost were discussed. Reactive distillation overcomes chemical equilibrium limitations, saving energy and ensuring economic effectiveness by reduced capital investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]