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The hypothesis of exogenous productivity points to the relationship between the number ofjudges and performance as linear. However, several weaknesses have been pointed out, such as the production limit of the judges. Therefore, this work aims to test if the performance of judges related' to demand has an inverted U functional model. The data used in the research comprise the years from 2009 to 2019. The results were statistically significant for all variables analyzed for both state and labor courts, confirming the hypothesis that performance and judicial demand may respond to an inverted U functional model. Confirming the research hypothesis sheds light on the discussion of how demand affects performance and how they relate. The contribution of this work lies in the discussion and endorsing the conclusions of other authors concerning weaknesses and incongruities of the hypothesis of exogenous productivity for the judiciary. There is empirical evidence that the increase in judicial demand pressures the increase in the performance of judges, but this increase has limits, and after a certain point, this can decline and negatively affect performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazil has become the epicenter of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Global South--a pandemic that disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, especially those detained and imprisoned. Legal institutions are struggling to respond. In this paper, we focus on the National Council of Justice's Recommendation 62, issued March 17, 2020, which recommends that judges take several measures to reduce the risk of COVID-19 infection in prisons. We test this recommendation's impact by looking at habeas corpus decisions in the São Paulo Court of Justice. The exploratory findings presented here indicate that Recommendation 62 has little impact on habeas decisions. In general, citing the recommendation does not lead the Court to grant early release or house arrest to those detained, and most habeas actions are decided against petitioners. This is true even when petitioners claim to be part of a risk group or their alleged offense did not involve violence or serious threat--factors that should favor habeas relief under Recommendation 62. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Councils acting in the Justice System in democracies have different purposes: to strengthen the independence of the judiciary and the public prosecutor's office, to increase accountability of judges and prosecutors, or/and to improve justice management. This article analyzes the Brazilian National Council of Justice (CNJ) and the National Council of the Brazilian Public Prosecutor's Office (CNMP), particularly regarding their purpose as instruments of accountability. The study shows that these bodies were created as instruments to increase transparency and compel judges and prosecutors to be held accountable for their actions and choices. The hypothesis tested in this research is that the two councils did not meet this expectation. The CNJ and CNMP were analyzed for their institutional design, discussing how the composition and distribution of positions at the council encourage independence of the judges and prosecutors rather than accountability. In addition, the article offers data on the councils' decisions when accusations were presented. Finally, the analysis revealed that CNJ and CNMP are mainly composed of internal members of the Judiciary and the Public Prosecutor's Office, and identified a lack of expressive punishment applied to judges and prosecutors. Therefore, the hypothesis that the councils do not work as instruments of accountability was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este estudio evaluó los efectos de la coproducción y las competencias de los mediadores en los resultados de la mediación judicial en el Tribunal de Justicia del Distrito Federal y Territorios. Los datos se recopilaron a través de encuestas de satisfacción de los usuarios realizadas por el Tribunal a los usuarios de los servicios de mediación judicial. La muestra se refiere al período comprendido entre enero de 2013 y julio de 2015, con un total de 312 participantes y 107 respuestas discursivas. La evaluación se realizó mediante técnicas de estadística descriptiva, análisis factorial exploratorio y regresión logística, así como análisis de contenido. Se constató que la única variable estadísticamente significativa era la competencia del mediador, lo que aumenta la probabilidad de una percepción positiva de los resultados de la mediación judicial para el usuario del servicio y el Poder Judicial. También se observó que la coproducción no se percibe como un factor que afecta los resultados del servicio para los ciudadanos o el Poder Judicial. Este resultado se debió a la complejidad de los casos mediados, lo que hizo que la percepción de cooperación para llegar a un resultado sea difícil de observar. Consiguientemente, para el ciudadano, el mediador es el principal responsable de dirigir el procedimiento de mediación judicial, así como de los resultados logrados a través del procedimiento. Finalmente, se enumeran recomendaciones y una agenda de investigación para fortalecer la investigación en el área. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last years, the number of judicial decision ordering the provision of health treatments, equipment and surgeries by the public health system has increased. Judges tend to ignore their decisions' budgetary impact and to consider that the Federal Government entities can be considered equally responsible by the supply of any item ordered by the patient. This paper analyzes the impact of these judicial decisions for the budgetary management of health policy in the City of Sao Paulo. It was considered an estimate with the expenses on the judicialization for the year of 2011, taking into consideration the data made available by the city and the publications in the official gazette about the acquisition of medications without bidding by the Municipal Health Department. According to the estimate of this article, the expenses of the city with health judicialization in 2011 is equivalent to 6% of the amount that the city spent with its policy of pharmaceutical assistance, and 10% of the total amount spent with the supply of medications, and hospital, dental and outpatient care material. Moreover, around 55% of the total amount is spent with drugs supply which are responsibility from the states and the union, and around 45% is spent with treatments that are not included in the Unified Public System (known as SUS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judicial performance is a socially important issue, however, research in this area still lacks volume nd systematic theoretical and methodological that allows the institutionalization of knowledge. To ontribute in this direction this study provides a literature review of recent empirical studies on the ubject. Empirical studies published between 1992 and 2011, which had as objective to evaluate or easure the performance of the judiciary in many countries, were analyzed. The results show that the oncept of judicial performance is multifaceted, multilevel and judges are the key actors. Efficiency and celerity are the more performance dimensions addressed. The findings also indicate that the issue f judicial performance has received scant attention in the field of public administration. A research genda for future studies is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]