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Background and Objectives: Accident is an important public health problem around the world. The aim of this research was to study the determinants of road accidents in Ahar-Tabriz in 2017. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in three stages of documentation, data collection via interviews with the high way police and analysis of 971 accidents recorded by chi-square test in 2017. Results: The highest accidents occurred in summer (30.9%), road (77.8%), day (65.5%), sunny weather (77.4%), riding (69.8%), and men ages from 35 to 44 years with 33% leading to injury and death. In addition, there was a significant statistical relationship between the main causes of road accidents and independent variables (except using helmet) (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the higher percentage of accidents due to inability to control the vehicle, it is suggested that guidelines be taken by the relevant authorities in the field of proper driving instruction and road and vehicle safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Despite the fact that pasteurization of raw milk increases the quality and health of dairy products, many people tend to consume raw milk and its products. The purpose of the current study was to design a questionnaire to determine the factors affecting choosing the type of dairy based on the reasoned action theory. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on the patients referred to Dr. Shadpour Health Care Center from September to October in 2017. The questionnaire was designed via literature review, focus group discussions, and interview with experts. A total of 14 specialists were selected to determine the content validity scores and 15 subjects referred to Dr. Shadpour Health Care Center were used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. Finally, content validity index (CVI) and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated by using Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) in SPSS, version 23.00. Results: The first questionnaire consisted of 101 questions and after evaluation of validity and reliability, 32 questions were obtained. The content validity index of the questionnaire was 0.88, the content validity ratio 0.68, the Cronbach's alpha coefficient 0.83, and the internal correlation coefficient (ICC) 0.80 with the confidence interval of (0.58-0.93). Conclusion: Considering the findings, it seems that the present questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity. Therefore, it can be used as a useful tool in determining the factors affecting choosing the type of dairy by consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Enterococci as a part of the normal flora of human gastrointestinal tracts can cause infections in children and adults who have a weaker immune system. The aim of this study was to determine and compare vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin and tetracycline resistance in enterococci isolated from Tabriz Children's Hospital. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, between May 2016 and May 2017, one hundred enterococci isolates (fifty clinical isolates from variant specimens and fifty stool isolates from different parts of Tabriz Children's Hospital) were collected. After determinig the type, they were tested for their resistance against antibiotics (vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline) by disk diffusion. Data analysis was performed using T-test. Results: Out of 50 clinical isolates, 23 (46%) isolates belonged to Enterococcus faecium while 27 (54%) isolates were Enterococcus faecalis. Among 50 stool isolates, 48 (96%) isolates were Enterococcus faecium and 2 (4%) isolates were Enterococcus faecalis. The results also indicated that there was a significant difference between the clinical and stool isolates in regard to vancomycin (p=0.004), but no significant difference was observed between the clinical and stool isolates in regard to the other antibiotics. Conclusion: Considering the results, stool isolates have higher resistance to antibiotics than those of clinical isolates. Increasing antibiotic resistant strains, especially vancomycin among enterococci, is a serious threat to the general public, especially hospitalized patients, and limits the treatment options for patients with nosocomial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Adolescence is one of the most critical periods of human growth. Considering the importance of body shape and weight especially in girls and the effects of malnutrition in this period on future health, this study was conducted to investigate the malnutrition status, and its relationship with some socioeconomic factors in adolescent girls in Tabriz. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 725 high school girl students with the mean age of 15.83 years were selected by random cluster sampling method and the demographic questionnaire was completed, then their height and weight were measured. Body mass index for age, underweight, overweight, obesity ,and stunting after-definition were calculated and compared with those of CDC 2000 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) standards. Data were analyzed by using chi-square, one-way ANOVA ,and t-test. Results:. Stunting, wasting, overweight ,and obesity prevalence were 5.2%, 5%, 9.9% ,and 5%, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between education in private school and height (p = 0.009) and weight (p = 0.015), and mother's occupation and height (p = 0.050). Conclusions: Based on the results of the study, the prevalence of malnutrition in adolescent girls in Tabriz was acceptable and expected. However, due to the observed relationship between some of factors and malnutrition including underweight, overweight ,and stunting, monitoring and controling these indices in certain time periods can be useful and recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: The hypersexual disorder is described as multiple unsuccessful attempts to control or diminish the amount of time spent on engaging in sexual fantasies, urges, and behaviors in response to dysphoric mood states or stressful life events. The purpose of the study was to investigate the predictability of hypersexual disorder in students based on difficulties in emotion regulation and psychological well-being. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study 300 male students of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University were selected in the 2016/2017 academic year, based on faculty and major by cluster- random sampling method and completed the Hypersexual Behavior Inventory (HBI), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) as well as the Ryff Scale of Psychological Well-Being (RSPWB). Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), Pearson's correlation coefficient as well as multiple linear regression. Results: The results showed that there were significant correlations between difficulties in emotion regulation (r=0.51, p<0.001) and psychological well-being (r=-0.39, p<0.001) and hypersexual disorder in the students. Also, the difficulties in emotion regulation (R2=30.2%) and psychological well-being (R2=17.8%) could favorably predict the hypersexual disorder in the students. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, noticing the role of emotion regulation and psychological well-being difficulties in the hypersexual disorders is necessary and beginning the appropriate and effective interventions for addressing these problems and training positive regulatory strategies and effective coping strategies in students can prevent developing these disorders and the following health consequences (like unintended pregnancies and sexully transmitted diseases). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Emotional eating leads to more energy intake and consequently problems related to weight and body shape. The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between eating emotions and anthropometric indices. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was done on 130 students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in July 2015. Emotional Eater Questionnaire (EEQ) was used for determining the food emotions state. Data was analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test, Pearson's linear correlation, and one-way ANOVA analysis. Results: The results showed a significant relationship between body mass index and eating emotions' score (p= 0.002, r= 0.248) so that people with body mass index over 30 Kg had poorer control over their eating (4.23±1.69). The mean± SD of eating emotions' score in people with abnormal waist circumference was 5.71±1.84 and in people with normal waist circumference was 6.82±1.33 (p= 0.038). There was a positive and significant linear correlation between age and the eating emotions(r=0.21, p= 0.017). There was a significant relationship between the life status (being native or non-native) and food emotions score (p= 0.021). Conclusion: By knowing that negative food emotions are related to overeating, obesity, age, family history of obesity, and supplements consumption, we can give essential nutritional and psychological education in public and in this way control food emotions and the consequent choices that can contribute to a healthy life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Emotion dysregulation plays a vital role in mental pathology and abnormal personality dimensions can be of significant importance in modification of interpersonal relationships and emotion dysregulation. In regard to considerable individual differences in emotion regulation strategies, the present study was conducted aiming at examination of the structural relationship between abnormal personality dimensions and emotion dysregulation in students of Shahid Madani University of Azerbaijan and Islamic Art University of Tabriz in 2016. Materials and Methods: This was a discriptive study. The population included all students of Azerbaijan Shahid Madani University and Islamic Art University of Tabriz in 2016, among whom 289 individuals were selected based on convenient sampling. Emotion Regulation Difficulties Scale and the abridged form of Abnormal Personality Dimensions (PID-5-BF) questionnaire for DSM-5 were utilised as research tools. Data was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics (avmean and standard deviation), Pearson's correlation cofficient, and structural equation modeling. Results: In this research, significant factor pathways depicted that abnormal personality dimensions indexes are positively related to emotion dysregulation (p< 0.010), such that negative affectivity with lack of emotional clarity (β = 0.19, P= 0.022), antagonism with non-acceptance of emotional responses (β = 0.27, P= 0.021), disinhibition with impulse control difficulties (β = 0.19, P= 0.011), and Psychoticism with difficulties engaging in goal-directed behavior (β = 0.23, P = 0.034) revealed stronger correlations. Conclusion: Findings of the present study indicated that abnormal personality traits have significant effect on emotion dysregulation, and this relation can explain a large number of interpersonal difficulties linked to abnormal personality traits; therefore, one can, to some extent, improve these problems by proposing psychological strategies [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]